How an Autistic Spectrum Diagnosis Can Help a Child

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Children on the autistic spectrum generally struggle to communicate with other children of a similar age. They might prefer to spend time alone, in their bedrooms, on their devices or pursuing specific, solitary hobbies. If your child struggles to relate to others and does not make or keep friends in the way that other kids seem to do, it's a possible sign of concern. Children on the autistic spectrum often seem not to be interested in others and may not choose to play with or get to know other children. They might not make eye contact or show emotion, but sometimes they can be extremely emotional and easily upset. They may talk very little — or they may talk excessively about topics that are hard for others to relate to or understand.

Being on the spectrum also often involves restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Examples of this are the tendency to repeat the last few words of another person's sentence, insistence on doing things the same way each day, and inflexibility around food, eating, and other activities. These children often stick rigidly to routines, ideas or patterns of behavior — and they can become highly distressed about small changes. Children on the autistic spectrum often struggle with moving from one place or activity to another. They tend to get absorbed in something and become upset when asked to finish that task and do something different. There are typically restricted, fixated interests, such as a preoccupation with dinosaurs or appliances. These fixations can sometimes seem rather meaningless to others.

For a diagnosis of ASD to be made, a child's symptoms must be noticeably severe enough to impact negatively on social, scholastic, or other important areas of functioning.

Is ASD over-diagnosed?

ASD is diagnosed far more often now than it was in the past, possibly because it was previously under-diagnosed. An epidemiological study published by Lorna Wing and David Potter noted that although autism used to be a rare condition with a prevalence of about 2-4 per 10,000 children, recent studies have indicated a prevalence of up to 60 per 10,000 children for autism, and even more for the entire autistic spectrum. Autism used to be diagnosed more when it was associated only with severe intellectual and/or social difficulty that dramatically impacted everyday functioning. Today, some children with certain mild symptoms but who have adapted to a regular school environment may still be seen as being on the autistic spectrum. But even if ASD were now over-diagnosed, it would be a mistake not to effectively and appropriately diagnose and treat any child who is affected by symptoms.

What should you do if your child is on the autistic spectrum?

Educating yourself online and through books, research articles, and support groups can be helpful, although perhaps confusing because of contradictory "expert" opinions about autism. Consulting with a professional such as a child psychiatrist, medical doctor, psychologist or child therapist can be an important part of the journey toward wellness for your child. It can help you to understand your child's specific difficulties and to find the best way forward. The earlier support is provided, the greater the potential for positive outcomes. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, early intervention that is suited to you and your child can begin, but recognizing that each child on the autistic spectrum is unique is crucial: What works for one may not work for another. Parents should adopt an individualized approach that involves tailoring interventions and strategies to suit a child's strengths and challenges.

Your child might be hypersensitive to sensory stimuli such as loud noises, scratchy textures, or bright lights. Creating a sensory-friendly environment by minimizing these triggers and providing sensory breaks can help your child feel more comfortable and regulated. A busy, loud, wild, and chaotic preschool environment might be harder for your child than a calm, structured, organised primary-school classroom.

Social communication challenges are a hallmark feature of ASD. You can actively work on improving your child's social skills by providing opportunities for interaction and play. Playdates, social skills groups, and structured social activities can help them practice and develop social skills in a supportive environment. School, extramurals, and activities that involve other children are usually helpful, as long as your child is not highly stressed and traumatized in such situations. Modeling appropriate social behaviors and using social stories to teach social norms can also be beneficial.

Children on the autistic spectrum often have difficulties with verbal communication; those who are more severely affected may benefit from alternative methods such as sign language or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Part of the journey with an autistic child is to learn to understand their communication style and to help them improve their capacity to communicate and relate to others.

The concept of neurodiversity recognizes that neurological differences, including autism, are part of the natural variation in human cognition and behavior. Instead of trying to "fix" a child, try to focus on helping them to thrive as the unique individuals they are. Celebrate their achievements, no matter how small, and offer unconditional love and acceptance. This will help to boost their self-esteem and confidence.

Building a support network

Supporting a child on the autistic spectrum can be emotionally and physically demanding. A strong and supportive network of people can help you. Such a network may include family members, friends, support groups, and professionals. Seeking support and sharing experiences with others facing similar challenges can provide emotional relief and valuable insights into effective strategies for supporting your child in the years ahead.

Autism Essential Reads

How to Find Your Sensory Goldilocks: Achieving the "Just Right" Fit

The Reason Many Autistics Prefer Not to Make Eye Contact

Does making the diagnosis of autistic spectrum really help your child?

Some parents prefer not to use a diagnosis when they seek help for their child. They prefer a more functional approach, which can be effective. Although diagnostic labels like ASD can sometimes be upsetting for children or their parents, they can also be surprisingly helpful. It can often be a relief having a diagnosis be made. It can bring clarity and understanding after possibly years of confusion, frustration, and despair. Parents often find it easier to empathize with their children once they recognize that their behavior is due to being on the autistic spectrum. If a diagnosis can help to open treatment options and enhance an understanding of the child's symptoms, then it has value.

Many children with ASD thrive in structured and predictable environments. Establishing routines and providing a consistent daily schedule can help reduce anxiety and support a child's overall well-being. However, a child might also benefit from expanding their repertoire of activities and interests. With sensitivity and patience, introduce them to alternative activities and support them in the process of trying new and different things, even when they do not want to. It can be stressful for a child on the autistic spectrum to step out of their comfort zone. They might lose their temper with you (or anyone else) when there is pressure on them to try things differently. But expanding their options can help them out of the limiting impact of living with the self-imposed restrictions of an autistic-type lifestyle.