Therapists in Plettenberg Bay

Photo of Adriaan Augustyn, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Adriaan Augustyn
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist that works from an integrative perspective. I assist adolescents and adults with a wide range of psychological challenges and endeavor to provide a compassionate and meaningful therapeutic experience for those I work with.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist that works from an integrative perspective. I assist adolescents and adults with a wide range of psychological challenges and endeavor to provide a compassionate and meaningful therapeutic experience for those I work with.
087 250 0513 x60 View 087 250 0513 x60
Photo of Kelly de Rosner, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Kelly de Rosner
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
I believe every individual has their own unique reality composed of life experiences, personality, knowledge and emotions that shape their perspectives of the world. I offer a safe, non judgemental space where you are able to deeply explore and process stressful life events and times of transition. A space where you are able to discover parts of yourself, seek meaning, recognise your personal power and honour your life story. My approach is firmly rooted in deep compassion, unconditional positive regard and a genuine openheartedness. “People only seriously consider change when they feel accepted for exactly who they are.”
I believe every individual has their own unique reality composed of life experiences, personality, knowledge and emotions that shape their perspectives of the world. I offer a safe, non judgemental space where you are able to deeply explore and process stressful life events and times of transition. A space where you are able to discover parts of yourself, seek meaning, recognise your personal power and honour your life story. My approach is firmly rooted in deep compassion, unconditional positive regard and a genuine openheartedness. “People only seriously consider change when they feel accepted for exactly who they are.”
087 250 0162 x63 View 087 250 0162 x63
Photo of Jane E D Luck, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jane E D Luck
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with many years experience working with children, teenagers, adults and couples. I also have a great deal of experience working with families and groups. I have facilitated groups where drugs and/or alcohol addiction is a familial problem for many years. I have also worked with mood disorders such as Depression and Bipolar. My doctoral thesis was on the mediating effect of Art Therapy for the treatment of Trauma and Bereavement, as I believe in the benefits of working with many different modalities in psychotherapy.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with many years experience working with children, teenagers, adults and couples. I also have a great deal of experience working with families and groups. I have facilitated groups where drugs and/or alcohol addiction is a familial problem for many years. I have also worked with mood disorders such as Depression and Bipolar. My doctoral thesis was on the mediating effect of Art Therapy for the treatment of Trauma and Bereavement, as I believe in the benefits of working with many different modalities in psychotherapy.
087 250 2219 x89 View 087 250 2219 x89
Photo of Michelle Booth, MSc
Michelle Booth
Art Therapist, MSc
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
I am passionate about the art of therapy – co-creating a unique therapeutic space that makes each client feel safe, heard and emotionally held so that they can embark on a journey of self-discovery, insight, and authentic empowerment. Art therapy is a powerful tool for self-expression a helpful way of working with whatever is going on that is making us stuck, unhappy, angry including experiences of grief, depression, inadequacy, fear, loneliness, addiction, and conflict.. Art therapy can lead you to unexpected insights, enable you to access your inner world and facilitate a meaningful exploration of difficult experiences.
I am passionate about the art of therapy – co-creating a unique therapeutic space that makes each client feel safe, heard and emotionally held so that they can embark on a journey of self-discovery, insight, and authentic empowerment. Art therapy is a powerful tool for self-expression a helpful way of working with whatever is going on that is making us stuck, unhappy, angry including experiences of grief, depression, inadequacy, fear, loneliness, addiction, and conflict.. Art therapy can lead you to unexpected insights, enable you to access your inner world and facilitate a meaningful exploration of difficult experiences.
087 250 2910 x38 View 087 250 2910 x38
Photo of Susan Louise McGarvie, PhD, General Counsellor
Susan Louise McGarvie
General Counsellor, PhD
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
Whether you're struggling to navigate difficult life circumstances, or feeling like you're ready to take action and make positive life changes, finding someone to support and guide you is a healthy and courageous step.
Whether you're struggling to navigate difficult life circumstances, or feeling like you're ready to take action and make positive life changes, finding someone to support and guide you is a healthy and courageous step.
087 250 2148 x38 View 087 250 2148 x38
Photo of Isabella Ehrensperger - Life Transformation Coach Isabella
Life Transformation Coach Isabella
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
If your problem involves your job/career, work-life balance, dealing with depression and/or anxiety, then Life Transformation Coach Isabella can help. Isabella empowers people who really desire to get rid of their problem, and transform to find meaning and fulfillment in life.
If your problem involves your job/career, work-life balance, dealing with depression and/or anxiety, then Life Transformation Coach Isabella can help. Isabella empowers people who really desire to get rid of their problem, and transform to find meaning and fulfillment in life.
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Photo of Terri Harford, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor
Terri Harford
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Plettenberg Bay 6600
Are you feeling overwhelmed and need empathetic, confidential and insightful support to assist you or your loved ones through a difficult phase in life? Let me assist you in reclaiming strength, harmony and direction – to overcome problems that feel insurmountable. If you are anxious, depressed, confused, dealing with grief or trauma, or just have difficult decisions to make, I can assist you in gaining clarity in a safe space where practical solutions are provided to bring relief through challenging times.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and need empathetic, confidential and insightful support to assist you or your loved ones through a difficult phase in life? Let me assist you in reclaiming strength, harmony and direction – to overcome problems that feel insurmountable. If you are anxious, depressed, confused, dealing with grief or trauma, or just have difficult decisions to make, I can assist you in gaining clarity in a safe space where practical solutions are provided to bring relief through challenging times.
087 250 2962 x55 View 087 250 2962 x55

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dorett Herbst, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor
Dorett Herbst
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Wittedrif 6603
Integrated Wellness that focus on emotional and physical well being. Health Education, counselling and support for those with life limiting illness and emotional burdens that feels to heavy. I can help you deal with accepting change, while mindfully looking at grief, bereavement, trauma or what creates physical and emotional discomfort.
Integrated Wellness that focus on emotional and physical well being. Health Education, counselling and support for those with life limiting illness and emotional burdens that feels to heavy. I can help you deal with accepting change, while mindfully looking at grief, bereavement, trauma or what creates physical and emotional discomfort.
087 250 0536 x17 View 087 250 0536 x17

Online Therapists

Photo of Leonie M Dippenaar, General Counsellor
Leonie M Dippenaar
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Mossel Bay 6506  (Online Only)
Leonie is a Transformative Mindset Coach/counselor. Are you tired of being stuck in survival mode? Grief, sadness, Loss over what if? Are guil and shame holding you in bondage? Do you question life, wanting to give up? Is living a lie draining your life force? With Abandonment issues, comes Fear, Anxiety, and Trauma. Do you not feel being heard? Old coping self-destructive bad habits block your life and repeatedly set yourself up for failure! Let Leonie help you Reset that feeling of loss and hopelessness. Learn to Regain self-control, bring in balance, and find your Joy through acceptance.
Leonie is a Transformative Mindset Coach/counselor. Are you tired of being stuck in survival mode? Grief, sadness, Loss over what if? Are guil and shame holding you in bondage? Do you question life, wanting to give up? Is living a lie draining your life force? With Abandonment issues, comes Fear, Anxiety, and Trauma. Do you not feel being heard? Old coping self-destructive bad habits block your life and repeatedly set yourself up for failure! Let Leonie help you Reset that feeling of loss and hopelessness. Learn to Regain self-control, bring in balance, and find your Joy through acceptance.
087 250 0049 x24 View 087 250 0049 x24
Photo of Carel Pj Mouton, MA, Social Worker
Carel Pj Mouton
Social Worker, MA
Verified Verified
George 6530
I aim to enable men and women to thrive by becoming the best version of themselves. The process addresses trauma, anger, stress and anxiety within themselves and their relationships through emotional awareness and practical interventions. During the sessions, I strive to enable my clients to experience physical and emotional relief from stress, anxiety and embodied trauma.
I aim to enable men and women to thrive by becoming the best version of themselves. The process addresses trauma, anger, stress and anxiety within themselves and their relationships through emotional awareness and practical interventions. During the sessions, I strive to enable my clients to experience physical and emotional relief from stress, anxiety and embodied trauma.
083 448 7178 View 083 448 7178
Photo of Jodi Tromp - Jodi Tromp Clinical Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jodi Tromp Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
George 6529
I am Jodi Tromp practicing as a Clinical Psychologist in George, South Africa. My training and work experience includes providing assessments and psychotherapy to children, adolescents and adults from various backgrounds and walks of life. I have work experience at Stikland Psychiatric Hospital, Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital as well as Steve Biko Tertiary Hospital and Akeso Clinic in George. I have post graduate training in Addiction treatment, which is a special interest of mine. Other interests include trauma for which I use Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization Therapy (EMDR) and mood and relationship difficulties.
I am Jodi Tromp practicing as a Clinical Psychologist in George, South Africa. My training and work experience includes providing assessments and psychotherapy to children, adolescents and adults from various backgrounds and walks of life. I have work experience at Stikland Psychiatric Hospital, Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital as well as Steve Biko Tertiary Hospital and Akeso Clinic in George. I have post graduate training in Addiction treatment, which is a special interest of mine. Other interests include trauma for which I use Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization Therapy (EMDR) and mood and relationship difficulties.
087 250 2148 x75 View 087 250 2148 x75
Photo of Hester Katarina de Lange - HybridAcademy.org, BSocSci Hons, PsySSA Counsellor, General Counsellor
HybridAcademy.org
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, PsySSA Counsellor
Verified Verified
Mossel Bay 6506
Hester Katarina de Lange practice is based on a Neurodiversity perspective. Your brain is made up of networks of small cells called Neurons that communicate Electro-Chemically to enable you to think, feel, and interact with the world around you. When this system becomes overwhelmed we become anxious or stressed. Counseling helps reduce stress and improve your well-being, by addressing the causes of stress or by reducing the impact of stress on your body and on your mind. Key support focus areas: ​Stress-Attachment-Sleep-Anxiety-Neurodiversity.
Hester Katarina de Lange practice is based on a Neurodiversity perspective. Your brain is made up of networks of small cells called Neurons that communicate Electro-Chemically to enable you to think, feel, and interact with the world around you. When this system becomes overwhelmed we become anxious or stressed. Counseling helps reduce stress and improve your well-being, by addressing the causes of stress or by reducing the impact of stress on your body and on your mind. Key support focus areas: ​Stress-Attachment-Sleep-Anxiety-Neurodiversity.
087 250 0782 x47 View 087 250 0782 x47
Photo of Christine Annandale, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Christine Annandale
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
George 6529
I provide therapeutic services to adolescents and adults to assist them in dealing with moderate to severe mental illness as well as expected day-to-day stressors and personal difficulties. I also have a special interest in working with expectant mothers and mothers during the postpartum period. I believe that providing support to mothers during this fulfilling, yet challenging period will ultimately facilitate a healthy parent-infant relationship which provides the foundation for psychological health during childhood and eventually adulthood.
I provide therapeutic services to adolescents and adults to assist them in dealing with moderate to severe mental illness as well as expected day-to-day stressors and personal difficulties. I also have a special interest in working with expectant mothers and mothers during the postpartum period. I believe that providing support to mothers during this fulfilling, yet challenging period will ultimately facilitate a healthy parent-infant relationship which provides the foundation for psychological health during childhood and eventually adulthood.
087 250 0592 x67 View 087 250 0592 x67
Photo of Izak Malan, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Izak Malan
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
George 6529
Christian Psychologist providing therapy Online and In-person (George). I integrate Christian and psychological principles to guide people to experience well-being in body, soul and spirit. I use the Word of God as standard, together with my qualifications and experience. Life is beautiful and I help people to experience the beauty of life despite the situation they are in. Are you facing a challenge in your marriage, work or life in general? Then it’s time for professional assistance to experience joy and meaning in your life. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit it will be possible. Look forward meeting with you.
Christian Psychologist providing therapy Online and In-person (George). I integrate Christian and psychological principles to guide people to experience well-being in body, soul and spirit. I use the Word of God as standard, together with my qualifications and experience. Life is beautiful and I help people to experience the beauty of life despite the situation they are in. Are you facing a challenge in your marriage, work or life in general? Then it’s time for professional assistance to experience joy and meaning in your life. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit it will be possible. Look forward meeting with you.
083 258 9936 View 083 258 9936
Photo of Gertruida Susanna Dowse, BSocSci Hons, Social Worker
Gertruida Susanna Dowse
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Oudtshoorn 6625
Feeling anxious and unsure what the next step is? Finding it difficult to relate to your partner? Finding it difficult to cope at work or finding it difficult to relate with employer/employee? Don’t know how to cope with addiction in the family or yourself? Are you in a overly toxic relationship? Do you want to start a new beginning/ business, but just can't!, struggling to stay motivated? Are you caught in a depressive situation? Do you want to change to a healthier relationship with yourself and others? Are you constantly in conflict with yourself or others? Do you experience obsessive fear?
Feeling anxious and unsure what the next step is? Finding it difficult to relate to your partner? Finding it difficult to cope at work or finding it difficult to relate with employer/employee? Don’t know how to cope with addiction in the family or yourself? Are you in a overly toxic relationship? Do you want to start a new beginning/ business, but just can't!, struggling to stay motivated? Are you caught in a depressive situation? Do you want to change to a healthier relationship with yourself and others? Are you constantly in conflict with yourself or others? Do you experience obsessive fear?
087 250 0442 x43 View 087 250 0442 x43
Photo of Bea Potgieter, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Bea Potgieter
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
George 6529
I trust in the innate ability of an individual to heal and restore its vitality. Together we will assess your overall health and well-being (or lack thereof), identifying what is required for your healing and growth and then we will work towards the restoration of the organic soul-mind-body-environmental system through integration, connection and restorative practices. I love to equip people with the skills and tools to sustain them on their journey in becoming their own medicine.
I trust in the innate ability of an individual to heal and restore its vitality. Together we will assess your overall health and well-being (or lack thereof), identifying what is required for your healing and growth and then we will work towards the restoration of the organic soul-mind-body-environmental system through integration, connection and restorative practices. I love to equip people with the skills and tools to sustain them on their journey in becoming their own medicine.
087 250 0902 x44 View 087 250 0902 x44
Photo of Dr. Christina van der Merwe, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. Christina van der Merwe
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
George 6529
I am a clinical (child) psychologist specializing in helping young people and their families face a wide range of mental health challenges. My aim in our engagement is to create a nurturing, compassionate, and safe environment where you can feel truly supported. Employing evidence-based strategies tailored to your unique circumstances, we will collaborate to address the challenges you're encountering, fostering resilience, and facilitating lasting positive change. I have a specific interest and experience in treating individuals with disordered eating.
I am a clinical (child) psychologist specializing in helping young people and their families face a wide range of mental health challenges. My aim in our engagement is to create a nurturing, compassionate, and safe environment where you can feel truly supported. Employing evidence-based strategies tailored to your unique circumstances, we will collaborate to address the challenges you're encountering, fostering resilience, and facilitating lasting positive change. I have a specific interest and experience in treating individuals with disordered eating.
087 250 2464 x76 View 087 250 2464 x76
Photo of Staci Francis, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Staci Francis
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cape St Francis 6313
Dealing with adjustment & emotional difficulties can be overwhelming. Therapy can be a space to acknowledge your growth, achievements & strengths too. I provide a compassionate & natural approach to therapy. I enjoy integrating alternative and natural forms of treatments with other practitioners to best suite my client's needs.
Dealing with adjustment & emotional difficulties can be overwhelming. Therapy can be a space to acknowledge your growth, achievements & strengths too. I provide a compassionate & natural approach to therapy. I enjoy integrating alternative and natural forms of treatments with other practitioners to best suite my client's needs.
087 250 2464 x68 View 087 250 2464 x68
Photo of Chanté Kruger, General Counsellor
Chanté Kruger
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
George 6530
Hi, I’m Chanté a Specialist Wellness Counsellor and Therapeutic Play Practitioner based in George. I have an Honours Degree in Psychology and am currently specialising in Play Therapy. I am registered with the ASCHP as well as PTI. I am also fully insured and comply to your safeguarding and child protection procedures and policies. I have also gained training in other areas such as basic counselling, trauma debriefing, HIV care and education, and caring for people in crises counselling specifically teenage pregnancy. I have volunteered at Life Community Centre, CANSA, Options and am currently involved at Rosemoor Primary School.
Hi, I’m Chanté a Specialist Wellness Counsellor and Therapeutic Play Practitioner based in George. I have an Honours Degree in Psychology and am currently specialising in Play Therapy. I am registered with the ASCHP as well as PTI. I am also fully insured and comply to your safeguarding and child protection procedures and policies. I have also gained training in other areas such as basic counselling, trauma debriefing, HIV care and education, and caring for people in crises counselling specifically teenage pregnancy. I have volunteered at Life Community Centre, CANSA, Options and am currently involved at Rosemoor Primary School.
087 250 2748 x90 View 087 250 2748 x90
Photo of Janie Loubser, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Janie Loubser
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
George 6529
Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure about your mental health journey? Are you looking for a compassionate yet solution-focused clinical psychologist who can help you overcome barriers and transform your fears into solutions? Then I'm the ideal therapist for you. My mission is to make mental health care accessible and enjoyable for all, breaking down the barriers and stigmas surrounding mental health. I believe that with the right tools, roadmap, and support, you can achieve your goals and live a fulfilling, well-lived life. If you've been disappointed or disillusioned by previous psychologists, I dare you to experience different!
Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure about your mental health journey? Are you looking for a compassionate yet solution-focused clinical psychologist who can help you overcome barriers and transform your fears into solutions? Then I'm the ideal therapist for you. My mission is to make mental health care accessible and enjoyable for all, breaking down the barriers and stigmas surrounding mental health. I believe that with the right tools, roadmap, and support, you can achieve your goals and live a fulfilling, well-lived life. If you've been disappointed or disillusioned by previous psychologists, I dare you to experience different!
087 250 2910 x52 View 087 250 2910 x52

See more therapy options for Plettenberg Bay

Nearby Searches for Plettenberg Bay

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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Plettenberg Bay

< 10

Counsellors in Plettenberg Bay who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
71% Depression
71% Addiction
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Family Conflict
71% Self Esteem
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Momentum
50% GEMS
50% Fedhealth

How Counsellors in Plettenberg Bay see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Plettenberg Bay?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.