Depression Therapists in Kloof
![Photo of Debbie Jameson, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8a83271f-1fac-4470-9331-693ef438e530/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am an independent Clinical Psychologist registered with the HPCSA. I specialise in psychological assessment and psychotherapy working with a wide range of psychological problems that affect adults, adolescents, couples and families. Areas of interest: Anxiety and Stress Management; Depression; Suicidal thoughts; Relationship issues (Marital / Couples counselling); Trauma (domestic violence, sexual assault, hijacking, accidents, robberies etc); Substance Abuse; Grief and Bereavement; Conflict/ Anger Management
I am an independent Clinical Psychologist registered with the HPCSA. I specialise in psychological assessment and psychotherapy working with a wide range of psychological problems that affect adults, adolescents, couples and families. Areas of interest: Anxiety and Stress Management; Depression; Suicidal thoughts; Relationship issues (Marital / Couples counselling); Trauma (domestic violence, sexual assault, hijacking, accidents, robberies etc); Substance Abuse; Grief and Bereavement; Conflict/ Anger Management
![Photo of Helen Jennifer Anderson, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/31cdc2b0-72ff-4375-9c96-19d114ea727c/2/320x400.jpeg)
If you are suffering emotionally, whether from depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, addictive patterns, or any other psychological struggle, I will support your therapeutic journey with unconditional positive regard and expertise.
I work with individuals (adolescents and adults), couples and families who need psychological assistance and/or relationship tools. I am a compassionate psychotherapist, with an additional certification as an Imago Relationship Therapist. I am also qualified to run Imago "Getting The Love you Want" workshops for couples. I do not believe that labelling a client as a "problem" is helpful; rather, the therapeutic process with me is about creating self-awareness, and working together to find creative solutions to the challenges that are facing each person that walks through my door. I encourage personal growth in all my clients.
If you are suffering emotionally, whether from depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, addictive patterns, or any other psychological struggle, I will support your therapeutic journey with unconditional positive regard and expertise.
I work with individuals (adolescents and adults), couples and families who need psychological assistance and/or relationship tools. I am a compassionate psychotherapist, with an additional certification as an Imago Relationship Therapist. I am also qualified to run Imago "Getting The Love you Want" workshops for couples. I do not believe that labelling a client as a "problem" is helpful; rather, the therapeutic process with me is about creating self-awareness, and working together to find creative solutions to the challenges that are facing each person that walks through my door. I encourage personal growth in all my clients.
![Photo of Linda Jane Turner, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f6e8d311-889f-4640-87a3-deea3e21ce8b/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a person-centered therapist with a versatile approach to an array of difficulties experienced by both young and older people. I endeavour to empower my clients to reach self-fulfillment.
I am a person-centered therapist with a versatile approach to an array of difficulties experienced by both young and older people. I endeavour to empower my clients to reach self-fulfillment.
![Photo of Michelle Bennett, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/549447ad-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Michelle Bennett
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Kloof 3640
Not accepting new clients
Merely some of my special interests: Individual therapy and Couple/Marriage counselling, Adults with a History of Sexual Abuse or Rape, Relationship Concerns, Destructive Relationship patterns, Stress, Trauma, Depression, Grief, infertility, Blended families, Divorce, chronic illness, sexual orientation, adjustment, anxiety, infidelity, trust, communication .
CLOSED until Mon, 7th Oct 2024. Counselling Psychologist with over 20 years private practice experience in Durban. Adults from the age of 18 welcome. Individual, Couple & Family Counselling. I believe that a private practice and consulting rooms need to offer a comfortable, very private, safe, non-judgmental, friendly, confidential, professional setting. No matter how varying your concerns, beliefs, spiritual orientations, lifestyles or your particular cultural group, you will be most welcome in my practice. Both Remote/Online & in-person/Face to Face consultations. Remote sessions are conducted from the consulting rooms.
Merely some of my special interests: Individual therapy and Couple/Marriage counselling, Adults with a History of Sexual Abuse or Rape, Relationship Concerns, Destructive Relationship patterns, Stress, Trauma, Depression, Grief, infertility, Blended families, Divorce, chronic illness, sexual orientation, adjustment, anxiety, infidelity, trust, communication .
CLOSED until Mon, 7th Oct 2024. Counselling Psychologist with over 20 years private practice experience in Durban. Adults from the age of 18 welcome. Individual, Couple & Family Counselling. I believe that a private practice and consulting rooms need to offer a comfortable, very private, safe, non-judgmental, friendly, confidential, professional setting. No matter how varying your concerns, beliefs, spiritual orientations, lifestyles or your particular cultural group, you will be most welcome in my practice. Both Remote/Online & in-person/Face to Face consultations. Remote sessions are conducted from the consulting rooms.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Monique Hill Online Drama Therapist, MA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/53066285-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Life can throw curveballs in our path from time to time, and these transitional periods can cause stress, anxiety, depression, and isolate us from our friends and families. Going through significant events such as exams, starting at university, thinking about getting married, getting divorced, changing jobs, or even moving house or country can bring up all sorts of emotions and struggles. At the end of the day, we all want to be able to navigate all of life's challenges with the least stress possible, feeling grounded and supported and ready to face the day.
Life can throw curveballs in our path from time to time, and these transitional periods can cause stress, anxiety, depression, and isolate us from our friends and families. Going through significant events such as exams, starting at university, thinking about getting married, getting divorced, changing jobs, or even moving house or country can bring up all sorts of emotions and struggles. At the end of the day, we all want to be able to navigate all of life's challenges with the least stress possible, feeling grounded and supported and ready to face the day.
![Photo of Mandy Florence, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/862c682b-8aad-47db-bedd-531b9de96c4e/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have developed a special interest in working with Eating Disorders, Depression and Anxiety .
I work in a long term psychoanalytic way which is suitable for patients who would like to work deeply with their issues and feelings. Patients who are hoping to grow in themselves, and enrich their interpersonal experiences would find this a rewarding approach.
I have developed a special interest in working with Eating Disorders, Depression and Anxiety .
I work in a long term psychoanalytic way which is suitable for patients who would like to work deeply with their issues and feelings. Patients who are hoping to grow in themselves, and enrich their interpersonal experiences would find this a rewarding approach.
I assist those looking for personal development and growth, wanting to gain greater insight and be the best they can be. I assist individuals who are going through current crises or still dealing with historical crises such as breakups, divorce, relationship issues, abuse, sexual trauma, bereavement, or anyone that is really battling with life's transitions. I have extensive experience with the more, clinical issues such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks and post traumatic stress disorder. People take strain on their mental health when they are unable to navigate interpersonal relationships, and I can provide assistance.
I assist those looking for personal development and growth, wanting to gain greater insight and be the best they can be. I assist individuals who are going through current crises or still dealing with historical crises such as breakups, divorce, relationship issues, abuse, sexual trauma, bereavement, or anyone that is really battling with life's transitions. I have extensive experience with the more, clinical issues such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks and post traumatic stress disorder. People take strain on their mental health when they are unable to navigate interpersonal relationships, and I can provide assistance.
![Photo of Thokozani Sithole, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1c202db7-c52f-4a38-a376-d523dc099ba4/3/320x400.jpeg)
I hope to assist people with a vast range of difficulties such as depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties, trauma and loss, life challenges, career difficulties and other life stage challenges.
Thokozani Sithole is a Counselling Psychologist registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and the Board of Healthcare Funders (BHF). I hold a Masters degree in Counselling Psychology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and a Postgraduate Diploma in HIV and AIDS Management from the Stellenbosch University. I am currently pursuing a Doctoral degree in Consulting Psychology from the University of South Africa. I started working as a Psychologist in the year 2014.
I hope to assist people with a vast range of difficulties such as depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties, trauma and loss, life challenges, career difficulties and other life stage challenges.
Thokozani Sithole is a Counselling Psychologist registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and the Board of Healthcare Funders (BHF). I hold a Masters degree in Counselling Psychology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and a Postgraduate Diploma in HIV and AIDS Management from the Stellenbosch University. I am currently pursuing a Doctoral degree in Consulting Psychology from the University of South Africa. I started working as a Psychologist in the year 2014.
![Photo of Fathima Khatib, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c2f790cf-9f96-4cf7-ae28-aeb671b372cf/2/320x400.jpeg)
Im a Clinical Psychologist trained both in the UK and South Africa and deal with a variety of mental health issues (ncluding depression, anxiety, bipolar mood disorder, grief,couples therapy, and so on). My multifaceted training allows an edge to the psychotherapeutic field and generally helps in the overall healing process.I am trained in different therapeutic approaches including brain-working recursive therapy, gottman couples therapy, dialectical beahviour therapy, etc. The non-judgemental, empathetic therapeutic space allows for change, growth, improvement in the self and healing.
Im a Clinical Psychologist trained both in the UK and South Africa and deal with a variety of mental health issues (ncluding depression, anxiety, bipolar mood disorder, grief,couples therapy, and so on). My multifaceted training allows an edge to the psychotherapeutic field and generally helps in the overall healing process.I am trained in different therapeutic approaches including brain-working recursive therapy, gottman couples therapy, dialectical beahviour therapy, etc. The non-judgemental, empathetic therapeutic space allows for change, growth, improvement in the self and healing.
![Photo of James Olmesdahl, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8c5ac201-57fb-496c-b3d0-4b49122af2ef/2/320x400.jpeg)
Focus areas: anxiety; depression; suicide; trauma; bereavement; fears/phobias; adjustment to life changes; stress management; anger management; HIV/AIDS counselling; sexual identity issues; marriage/relationship difficulties, divorce.
I am a Counselling Psychologist who has been in private practice since 2010. I work with a wide array of problems affecting individuals, relationships and marriages. I work eclectically drawing on a number of different theoretical approaches so as to find a good ‘fit’ between what a client presents in a session and an approach I believe they will find most beneficial.
Focus areas: anxiety; depression; suicide; trauma; bereavement; fears/phobias; adjustment to life changes; stress management; anger management; HIV/AIDS counselling; sexual identity issues; marriage/relationship difficulties, divorce.
I am a Counselling Psychologist who has been in private practice since 2010. I work with a wide array of problems affecting individuals, relationships and marriages. I work eclectically drawing on a number of different theoretical approaches so as to find a good ‘fit’ between what a client presents in a session and an approach I believe they will find most beneficial.
![Photo of Boitumelo Tebogo Chabeli - Boitumelo Psychological Services, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a6defecf-9c14-464a-a3fd-38b57273ff47/2/320x400.jpeg)
Boitumelo Psychological Services
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Soweto 4309
My areas of interests: are couple’s therapy, African Psychology, Grief, Depression, Anxiety and Personality Disorders.
I am a Clinical Psychologist based in the South of Johannesburg. My journey as a psychologist has shown me that my profession is about changing people’s lives and helping them navigate through a stressful phase in their lives. No problem is too small in my profession as I believe that, whatever the problem is – it needs to be resolved in order to give hope and new meaning to life.
My areas of interests: are couple’s therapy, African Psychology, Grief, Depression, Anxiety and Personality Disorders.
I am a Clinical Psychologist based in the South of Johannesburg. My journey as a psychologist has shown me that my profession is about changing people’s lives and helping them navigate through a stressful phase in their lives. No problem is too small in my profession as I believe that, whatever the problem is – it needs to be resolved in order to give hope and new meaning to life.
![Photo of Thobile Sikhakhane, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP, Social Worker](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45ec275d-2fe7-4441-84ef-ffd7cd73a240/3/320x400.jpeg)
Our everyday lives have become more challenging. It can affect our behavior and mental health. As a therapist, I believe that you matter, your mental health matters, and the mental health of those closer to you. Do you find yourself not sure whether you need therapy/not? Do you suffer from or are affected by the following? stress (home, school, work), anxiety, symptoms of depression, chronic illness or life-threatening experience, abuse (emotional, physical, financial, sexual), LGBTQIA+, suicidal thoughts, marriage or family challenges, teenage behavior etc.
Our everyday lives have become more challenging. It can affect our behavior and mental health. As a therapist, I believe that you matter, your mental health matters, and the mental health of those closer to you. Do you find yourself not sure whether you need therapy/not? Do you suffer from or are affected by the following? stress (home, school, work), anxiety, symptoms of depression, chronic illness or life-threatening experience, abuse (emotional, physical, financial, sexual), LGBTQIA+, suicidal thoughts, marriage or family challenges, teenage behavior etc.
![Photo of Ushmita Nana, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6f8029c6-9f76-4287-b97d-b9add5910856/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Counselling Psychologist with offices in Little Falls (Roodepoort) and Lenasia (South of Johannesburg). I also consult virtually via the Zoom platform. I focus on providing my clients with a safe and non-judgmental space to navigate difficulties such as anxiety, depression, grief, stress, marital difficulties and to improve general mental well-being. Therapy is aimed at providing clients with effective coping tools and enabling clients to gain new perspective.
I am a Counselling Psychologist with offices in Little Falls (Roodepoort) and Lenasia (South of Johannesburg). I also consult virtually via the Zoom platform. I focus on providing my clients with a safe and non-judgmental space to navigate difficulties such as anxiety, depression, grief, stress, marital difficulties and to improve general mental well-being. Therapy is aimed at providing clients with effective coping tools and enabling clients to gain new perspective.
![Photo of Lungile Innocentia Onyegbule, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP, Social Worker](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4558a6b7-b3ed-4a9d-ab43-07c5d8fd1702/1/320x400.jpeg)
If you feel like you or your family members are not coping, dont wait for depression to creep in.
A compassionate and dedicated person-centred social worker with 8 years of experience and knowledge in working with children, families and adults. Skilled in client assessment, developing treatment plans, and counselling for people facing various challenges. I am non judgmental, respectful and I am passionate about helping people.
If you feel like you or your family members are not coping, dont wait for depression to creep in.
A compassionate and dedicated person-centred social worker with 8 years of experience and knowledge in working with children, families and adults. Skilled in client assessment, developing treatment plans, and counselling for people facing various challenges. I am non judgmental, respectful and I am passionate about helping people.
![Photo of Dr. Sibusiso Dumisani Mhlongo, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/df9d77c7-d8a9-4849-8f7e-35c29f4cb434/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Sibusiso Dumisani Mhlongo
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Kwamashu 4359
I have more experience in psychotherapy for individuals who present with spirituality as well as cultural and traditional beliefs, marriage and relationship challenges , anxiety and depression and grief counselling.
Most people are faced with mental health issues as the result of childhood traumas, family background , spirituality and cultural issues and poor socio-economic conditions. People need to be assisted in understanding how childhood experiences influences their coping skills. They need to be able to identify, acknowledge and manage emotions associated with past memories and thoughts. They need someone to listen to them without judging them, understanding their cultural background and relationships dynamics.
I have more experience in psychotherapy for individuals who present with spirituality as well as cultural and traditional beliefs, marriage and relationship challenges , anxiety and depression and grief counselling.
Most people are faced with mental health issues as the result of childhood traumas, family background , spirituality and cultural issues and poor socio-economic conditions. People need to be assisted in understanding how childhood experiences influences their coping skills. They need to be able to identify, acknowledge and manage emotions associated with past memories and thoughts. They need someone to listen to them without judging them, understanding their cultural background and relationships dynamics.
![Photo of Sasha Talia Pather, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/df20d9b7-c57d-43fe-8745-ec0b3578caa0/2/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome to Sasha Talia Counselling. Consulting in areas of Abuse/ Addiction/ Trauma/ Narcissism/ Relationships/ Depression/ Anxiety / Pregnancy related, Child welfare, as well as other general counselling requirements. This is a safe space where you journey through your heart and mind to function holistically as the best version of yourself. With innovative techniques in counselling this dynamic therapy practice pioneers the process of counselling in excellence. Happiness prioritized.
Welcome to Sasha Talia Counselling. Consulting in areas of Abuse/ Addiction/ Trauma/ Narcissism/ Relationships/ Depression/ Anxiety / Pregnancy related, Child welfare, as well as other general counselling requirements. This is a safe space where you journey through your heart and mind to function holistically as the best version of yourself. With innovative techniques in counselling this dynamic therapy practice pioneers the process of counselling in excellence. Happiness prioritized.
![Photo of Shaista Hamid, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/291d19ba-3b82-4402-8c49-9a3567d250f4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Shaista Hamid
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Westville 3629 (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone I can help navigate their journey of pain or difficulties through a mood disorder like depression, anxiety, trauma, bereavement or adjustment. Be it adjustment to a newly diagnosed disease or a chronic disorder or a new born baby and motherhood I am here to guide you so that you are not alone. Combating gender affirmation issues, why not let me help.
My ideal client is someone I can help navigate their journey of pain or difficulties through a mood disorder like depression, anxiety, trauma, bereavement or adjustment. Be it adjustment to a newly diagnosed disease or a chronic disorder or a new born baby and motherhood I am here to guide you so that you are not alone. Combating gender affirmation issues, why not let me help.
![Photo of Eduan Greyling, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3a6725e0-d087-472e-957c-8a08007ad924/1/320x400.jpeg)
Eduan Greyling
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Clifton Hill Estate 3610
As a registered Specialist Wellness Counsellor with extensive expertise (6+ years), I lead T1S (Transforming Lives One Session At A Time), a thriving international practice. My specialties include addiction, depression, CBT, relationship counselling, and overall wellness for adults & children. Additionally I offer guidance on financial struggles, family dynamics and personal growth. Together, we can Transform Your Life One Session At A Time. I also do T1S Groups where 7 people come together and we have a group session together.
As a registered Specialist Wellness Counsellor with extensive expertise (6+ years), I lead T1S (Transforming Lives One Session At A Time), a thriving international practice. My specialties include addiction, depression, CBT, relationship counselling, and overall wellness for adults & children. Additionally I offer guidance on financial struggles, family dynamics and personal growth. Together, we can Transform Your Life One Session At A Time. I also do T1S Groups where 7 people come together and we have a group session together.
![Photo of Dr. N Malatji-Angoma, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8f8f1d93-b10d-473c-a677-b810afd0e006/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have 20 years experience as a psychologist working and connecting with individuals and couples. I am an expert in couples and relationship management. I have 20 years experience working with depression, anxiety, TRAUMA, self esteem, performance, grief, divorce and addiction issues (all of the above make it difficult to live a high quality life and affect relationships, career etc if not treated).
I have 20 years experience as a psychologist working and connecting with individuals and couples. I am an expert in couples and relationship management. I have 20 years experience working with depression, anxiety, TRAUMA, self esteem, performance, grief, divorce and addiction issues (all of the above make it difficult to live a high quality life and affect relationships, career etc if not treated).
![Photo of Vanessa Olivia Wright, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/35fad14f-4a42-4b5b-ae31-4da91df9183a/1/320x400.jpeg)
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons; some people seek it because they have felt depressed, anxious or angry for a long time. Others have been through a traumatic event, or have a problem that they need help navigating - they may be going through a divorce, feel overwhelmed by a new job, have lost a loved one, or are facing difficulties in raising their children. Some people just want to gain a deeper understanding of themselves. Whether it is through individual/play/couple or family therapy, I help people to work through such issues in a supportive and non-judgemental environment.
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons; some people seek it because they have felt depressed, anxious or angry for a long time. Others have been through a traumatic event, or have a problem that they need help navigating - they may be going through a divorce, feel overwhelmed by a new job, have lost a loved one, or are facing difficulties in raising their children. Some people just want to gain a deeper understanding of themselves. Whether it is through individual/play/couple or family therapy, I help people to work through such issues in a supportive and non-judgemental environment.
See more therapy options for Kloof
Nearby Depression Counsellors Searches for Kloof
- Amanzimtoti
- Berea
- Bluff
- Durban
- Durban North
- Kwamashu
- La Lucia
- Pinetown
- Soweto
- Umhlanga
- Umhlanga Rocks
- Westville
Depression Counsellors
What is the goal of therapy for depression?
Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognise and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.
What happens in therapy for depression?
Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.
What therapy types help with depression?
Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioural activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.
Can therapy for depression be done online?
Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.
How effective is therapy for depression?
Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.