Photo of Dr. Thandiwe Nomkhosi Gama, PhD, HPCSA - Ind. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. Thandiwe Nomkhosi Gama
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Ind. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oriel 2007
My ideal clients are those who are at different stages of life, in their private spheres as well as in their work. Counselling helps them try to find meaning, fulfilment, growth, and cope with challenges in a constructive, driven, and realistic thoughts and actions. Persons who strive to grow from a good, to better, to best version of themselves.
My ideal clients are those who are at different stages of life, in their private spheres as well as in their work. Counselling helps them try to find meaning, fulfilment, growth, and cope with challenges in a constructive, driven, and realistic thoughts and actions. Persons who strive to grow from a good, to better, to best version of themselves.
087 250 0782 x17 View 087 250 0782 x17

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ellen Tintswalo Baloyi - Tintswalo Healing and counselling centre, BSocSci Hons, Social Worker
Tintswalo Healing and counselling centre
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Edenvale 1610
Hello, Thank you for reading my profile. I want to welcome and compliment you to make a first step of looking for a person who can help you. I am a registered social worker in private practice and i am based in Bramley, North of Johannesburg. Respect, Confidentiality and Non-judgemental approach are guaranteed. I offer therapy to people with different life challenges and trauma. I assist people to have good quality of life after dealing with their different life challenges.Feel free to send a message through and together we can. Our relationship will be based in trust. Safe, warm environment will be provided.
Hello, Thank you for reading my profile. I want to welcome and compliment you to make a first step of looking for a person who can help you. I am a registered social worker in private practice and i am based in Bramley, North of Johannesburg. Respect, Confidentiality and Non-judgemental approach are guaranteed. I offer therapy to people with different life challenges and trauma. I assist people to have good quality of life after dealing with their different life challenges.Feel free to send a message through and together we can. Our relationship will be based in trust. Safe, warm environment will be provided.
087 250 0902 x20 View 087 250 0902 x20
Photo of William Maroping Mokwena, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
William Maroping Mokwena
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bedfordview 2008
In my therapeutic approach, I embrace an integrative perspective. As an integrative psychotherapist, I draw from various therapeutic models, recognizing that each person’s journey is unique. Rather than adhering to a single method, I tailor therapeutic techniques to suit individual needs and circumstances. My services are offered to children (psychological assessments only), individuals (adolescents and adults), couples, groups, and families using evidence-based therapeutic approaches and psychological assessments (for clinical or legal purposes) with a Special Interest in Neuropsychological Assessment.
In my therapeutic approach, I embrace an integrative perspective. As an integrative psychotherapist, I draw from various therapeutic models, recognizing that each person’s journey is unique. Rather than adhering to a single method, I tailor therapeutic techniques to suit individual needs and circumstances. My services are offered to children (psychological assessments only), individuals (adolescents and adults), couples, groups, and families using evidence-based therapeutic approaches and psychological assessments (for clinical or legal purposes) with a Special Interest in Neuropsychological Assessment.
087 250 2042 x79 View 087 250 2042 x79
Photo of Jon Pedrosa, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jon Pedrosa
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edenvale 1609
Jon Pedrosa assists individuals/couples/families with psychological, emotional, and behavioural difficulties and challenges. Psychotherapy is a medium of talk therapy, which facilitates a process of development and personal growth. The mode of therapy practiced is psychodynamic in nature with a humanistic approach. This means that the therapeutic aim is to identify internal conflicts which the patient may be unaware of that manifests and hinders present behaviour. The goal is assisting the patient to gain self-awareness, insight, and an understanding of how past experiences influences present behaviour.
Jon Pedrosa assists individuals/couples/families with psychological, emotional, and behavioural difficulties and challenges. Psychotherapy is a medium of talk therapy, which facilitates a process of development and personal growth. The mode of therapy practiced is psychodynamic in nature with a humanistic approach. This means that the therapeutic aim is to identify internal conflicts which the patient may be unaware of that manifests and hinders present behaviour. The goal is assisting the patient to gain self-awareness, insight, and an understanding of how past experiences influences present behaviour.
087 250 0592 x79 View 087 250 0592 x79
Photo of Taneal Peters, General Counsellor
Taneal Peters
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Edenvale 1609
Having completed over 220 hours of counselling I am ready to provide a safe space for growth and empowerment and to be a kind, empathetic, and listening ear on your journey to health and healing. “Success as a therapist is not found in doing something for the client, but rather in being someone for the client” - Ili Rivera Walter
Having completed over 220 hours of counselling I am ready to provide a safe space for growth and empowerment and to be a kind, empathetic, and listening ear on your journey to health and healing. “Success as a therapist is not found in doing something for the client, but rather in being someone for the client” - Ili Rivera Walter
087 250 2837 x45 View 087 250 2837 x45
Photo of Jasmine Dos Reis Mendes - Vivify You (Mental health and Wellness), HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Vivify You (Mental health and Wellness)
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Germiston 1401
Ideal clients for me are individuals committed to overcoming personal traumas, hindering their growth. They eagerly seek understanding of their behaviors and interactions, acknowledging the impact of past experiences. Resilient and open to introspection, they actively pursue therapeutic support to navigate and heal, fostering emotional well-being and healthier relationships. In the realm of personal development, my ideal clients, aged 25 and older, are financially prosperous and driven to advance in life. Actively pursuing positive change, they show commendable openness to exploring diverse tools and methods.
Ideal clients for me are individuals committed to overcoming personal traumas, hindering their growth. They eagerly seek understanding of their behaviors and interactions, acknowledging the impact of past experiences. Resilient and open to introspection, they actively pursue therapeutic support to navigate and heal, fostering emotional well-being and healthier relationships. In the realm of personal development, my ideal clients, aged 25 and older, are financially prosperous and driven to advance in life. Actively pursuing positive change, they show commendable openness to exploring diverse tools and methods.
087 250 2837 x99 View 087 250 2837 x99
Photo of Sean S Zimunya, MA, Registered Counsellor
Sean S Zimunya
Registered Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Senderwood 2145
I am a qualified modern therapist, academic and social researcher who believes in holistic counselling and healing. I am able to combine African spirituality with Western therapeutic approaches to ensure that my clients benefit from a combination of the two. I thrive in individual counselling, couple's counselling, divorce counselling, trauma counselling and family counselling, life coaching as well as corporate training, executive coaching, conflict resolution and mediation, change management and facilitation. I firmly believe that therapy should empower one to make decisions, develop new behavioural patterns and value systems.
I am a qualified modern therapist, academic and social researcher who believes in holistic counselling and healing. I am able to combine African spirituality with Western therapeutic approaches to ensure that my clients benefit from a combination of the two. I thrive in individual counselling, couple's counselling, divorce counselling, trauma counselling and family counselling, life coaching as well as corporate training, executive coaching, conflict resolution and mediation, change management and facilitation. I firmly believe that therapy should empower one to make decisions, develop new behavioural patterns and value systems.
087 250 2748 x47 View 087 250 2748 x47
Photo of Caitlyn Wong, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Caitlyn Wong
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bedfordview 2008  (Online Only)
I am a qualified and registered Counselling Psychologist who was trained through the University of the Witwatersrand. I have special interest working with anxiety, depression, grief, relational issues, adjustment issues, and trauma. My therapy space is designed to be calming and safe, where clients can explore their emotions and challenges through the best suited theoretical frameworks. Let's work together to find the beauty in your journey. I believe in the transformative power of therapy and value acceptance, diversity, and belonging.
I am a qualified and registered Counselling Psychologist who was trained through the University of the Witwatersrand. I have special interest working with anxiety, depression, grief, relational issues, adjustment issues, and trauma. My therapy space is designed to be calming and safe, where clients can explore their emotions and challenges through the best suited theoretical frameworks. Let's work together to find the beauty in your journey. I believe in the transformative power of therapy and value acceptance, diversity, and belonging.
087 250 2748 x80 View 087 250 2748 x80
Photo of Ellenecia Buitendacht, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor
Ellenecia Buitendacht
General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Bedfordview 2008  (Online Only)
We often find ourselves facing overwhelming circumstances at all different stages of our lives in which we need guidance, support, and a safe space to speak and be heard.
We often find ourselves facing overwhelming circumstances at all different stages of our lives in which we need guidance, support, and a safe space to speak and be heard.
087 250 2962 x96 View 087 250 2962 x96
Photo of Fallyn Farah, BSocSci Hons, Registered Counsellor
Fallyn Farah
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bedfordview 2007
I work together with my clients to help them to recognize their independence in overcoming their own personal challenges. I help clients to identify their therapeutic goals and strive towards improving themselves each step of the way. I can assist with: stess management, emotional regulation, grief and loss, trauma counselling and self-esteem issues. I also offer psycho- educational workshops pertaining to topics such as: study skills, anger management, self-esteem, growth mindset.
I work together with my clients to help them to recognize their independence in overcoming their own personal challenges. I help clients to identify their therapeutic goals and strive towards improving themselves each step of the way. I can assist with: stess management, emotional regulation, grief and loss, trauma counselling and self-esteem issues. I also offer psycho- educational workshops pertaining to topics such as: study skills, anger management, self-esteem, growth mindset.
087 250 0162 x24 View 087 250 0162 x24
Photo of Megan Mechanicos, Registered Counsellor
Megan Mechanicos
Registered Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edenvale 1609
I work from an integrated framework, tying together the need for solutions, the desire to flourish and the ability to overcome. I have an appreciation for the solutions-focused mindset, where I acknowledge the value of learning from the past; helping you to integrate the skills you already have with new awareness and assets to face your challenges from a new perspective.
I work from an integrated framework, tying together the need for solutions, the desire to flourish and the ability to overcome. I have an appreciation for the solutions-focused mindset, where I acknowledge the value of learning from the past; helping you to integrate the skills you already have with new awareness and assets to face your challenges from a new perspective.
087 250 2477 x42 View 087 250 2477 x42
Photo of Karabo Rasebitse, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Karabo Rasebitse
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bedfordview 2008
I am a registered Counselling Psychologist with experience working in Tertiary, Corporate, Clinical & Public health Sectors. My approach to therapy is guided by my client’s needs and I believe in tailored made approach for everyone. I have experience in working with individual adults, adolescents and couples around issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, bereavement, African Spirituality and relationship difficulties. I strongly believe in the spirit of Ubuntu and holistic healing.
I am a registered Counselling Psychologist with experience working in Tertiary, Corporate, Clinical & Public health Sectors. My approach to therapy is guided by my client’s needs and I believe in tailored made approach for everyone. I have experience in working with individual adults, adolescents and couples around issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, bereavement, African Spirituality and relationship difficulties. I strongly believe in the spirit of Ubuntu and holistic healing.
087 250 2910 x39 View 087 250 2910 x39
Photo of Duduzile Maphanga, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist
Duduzile Maphanga
Psychometrist, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist
Verified Verified
Highlands North 2192
Feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, angry, lack of energy/exhaustion/chronic fatigue etc,? These could be signs that you may need psychological support. We provide a safe, warm, supportive and non-judgemental space to process difficulties such as: PERSONAL: Stress, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Worry.. RELATIONSHIP & FAMILY: Separation, Divorce, Infidelity, Interpersonal conflict.. TRAUMA/GRIEF: Loss of loved ones, Death.. WORKPLACE: Disciplinary, Retrenchment, Conflict with co-workers/management, Career change, Poor performance, Burnout.. CHILD/TEEN/ADOLESCENT: ADHD, Career Counselling, Subject choice guidance..
Feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, angry, lack of energy/exhaustion/chronic fatigue etc,? These could be signs that you may need psychological support. We provide a safe, warm, supportive and non-judgemental space to process difficulties such as: PERSONAL: Stress, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Worry.. RELATIONSHIP & FAMILY: Separation, Divorce, Infidelity, Interpersonal conflict.. TRAUMA/GRIEF: Loss of loved ones, Death.. WORKPLACE: Disciplinary, Retrenchment, Conflict with co-workers/management, Career change, Poor performance, Burnout.. CHILD/TEEN/ADOLESCENT: ADHD, Career Counselling, Subject choice guidance..
087 250 2042 x27 View 087 250 2042 x27
Photo of Candice Stafford, MPsych, General Counsellor
Candice Stafford
General Counsellor, MPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bedfordview 2008  (Online Only)
As a psychologist my aim is to create a safe and welcoming environment for my clients. I am a passionate and committed professional who understands mental and emotional health and its importance to each individual and their community. I celebrate my clients for their uniqueness, and so believe in customising my sessions to build around their specific issues. My main aim is to ensure that they feel heard and supported, leaving them more able to share freely. Together we can address any problems and issues and apply suitable resources and techniques to help improve their sense of wellbeing.
As a psychologist my aim is to create a safe and welcoming environment for my clients. I am a passionate and committed professional who understands mental and emotional health and its importance to each individual and their community. I celebrate my clients for their uniqueness, and so believe in customising my sessions to build around their specific issues. My main aim is to ensure that they feel heard and supported, leaving them more able to share freely. Together we can address any problems and issues and apply suitable resources and techniques to help improve their sense of wellbeing.
087 250 0536 x82 View 087 250 0536 x82
Photo of Sharlene Sema Raston, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist, General Counsellor
Sharlene Sema Raston
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist
Verified Verified
Bedfordview 2007  (Online Only)
Please Be Aware that I offer online sessions only! Can you relate to any of the following? Anxiety, confusion, loss of direction, depression, excessive thinking, relationship problems, addictions, procrastination, spiritual struggles, traumas or do you simply need someone to speak to that you can trust, feel at ease and help you structure your thoughts in a safe and warm environment? Are you tired of living each day and that it simply feels like another day and that everything remains the same? Would you like to become your own therapist and welcome change, in order to truly enjoy the adventure of life?
Please Be Aware that I offer online sessions only! Can you relate to any of the following? Anxiety, confusion, loss of direction, depression, excessive thinking, relationship problems, addictions, procrastination, spiritual struggles, traumas or do you simply need someone to speak to that you can trust, feel at ease and help you structure your thoughts in a safe and warm environment? Are you tired of living each day and that it simply feels like another day and that everything remains the same? Would you like to become your own therapist and welcome change, in order to truly enjoy the adventure of life?
087 250 0719 x19 View 087 250 0719 x19
Photo of Neil John Amoore, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Neil John Amoore
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edenvale 1609
I'm a clinical psychologist in private practice in Benoni, as well as consulting at Life The Glynnview Hospital. I enjoy working with patients with mood disorders, substance use disorders, family as well as couples therapy.
I'm a clinical psychologist in private practice in Benoni, as well as consulting at Life The Glynnview Hospital. I enjoy working with patients with mood disorders, substance use disorders, family as well as couples therapy.
087 250 0442 x46 View 087 250 0442 x46
Photo of Zelna Faurie - Zelna Faurie Counselling, MA, General Counsellor
Zelna Faurie Counselling
General Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edenvale 1609
Calling a therapist can, at times, be intimidating. But I hope you can take a moment to a deep breath to call and see how I can help. As a mental health counselor, I feel it is essential to create a safe space for my clients that is non-judgemental, empathic and most importantly, confidential. I find such a therapeutic space necessary because it creates an opportunity to explore more about yourself, which supports creating an aim to begin a journey of self-discovery and change. I have aspired to be a mental health professional, and I have therefore spent countless hours on training of being a source for your personal growth.
Calling a therapist can, at times, be intimidating. But I hope you can take a moment to a deep breath to call and see how I can help. As a mental health counselor, I feel it is essential to create a safe space for my clients that is non-judgemental, empathic and most importantly, confidential. I find such a therapeutic space necessary because it creates an opportunity to explore more about yourself, which supports creating an aim to begin a journey of self-discovery and change. I have aspired to be a mental health professional, and I have therefore spent countless hours on training of being a source for your personal growth.
087 250 0719 x60 View 087 250 0719 x60
Photo of Casey Blake, MA, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Casey Blake
Registered Counsellor, MA, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Highway Gardens 1609
I love working with people who feel different. Specifically, with regards to gender, sex & sexuality, relationship structures and parenting with awareness & intention. In Sex Therapy we think about your sexual and intimate life. If sex (solo or partnered) is not what you had hoped it would be, counselling can be a helpful process to get a better understanding of how the body-mind connection works when it comes to the different elements of sex. I am committed to unpacking harmful narratives & misinformation, while creating a safe space for you to do the work.
I love working with people who feel different. Specifically, with regards to gender, sex & sexuality, relationship structures and parenting with awareness & intention. In Sex Therapy we think about your sexual and intimate life. If sex (solo or partnered) is not what you had hoped it would be, counselling can be a helpful process to get a better understanding of how the body-mind connection works when it comes to the different elements of sex. I am committed to unpacking harmful narratives & misinformation, while creating a safe space for you to do the work.
View
Photo of Tumelo Nonkolo Buthelezi, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP, Social Worker
Tumelo Nonkolo Buthelezi
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenstone 1609
Ideally, I would like to work with a person who primarily wants to be empowered in developing practical solutions to alleviate their current challenges. This would be a person who has experienced any form of traumatic incident in the course of their recent life. Further, it would be an individual who has been displaying life adjustments which have begun to affect their personal and professional relationships. In light of these concerns, my ideal client would partner with me in developing a holistic treatment plan to address these issues for more effective functioning.
Ideally, I would like to work with a person who primarily wants to be empowered in developing practical solutions to alleviate their current challenges. This would be a person who has experienced any form of traumatic incident in the course of their recent life. Further, it would be an individual who has been displaying life adjustments which have begun to affect their personal and professional relationships. In light of these concerns, my ideal client would partner with me in developing a holistic treatment plan to address these issues for more effective functioning.
087 250 0536 x95 View 087 250 0536 x95
Photo of Dr. N Malatji-Angoma, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. N Malatji-Angoma
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edenvale 1609
I have 20 years experience as a psychologist working and connecting with individuals and couples. I am an expert in couples and relationship management. I have 20 years experience working with depression, anxiety, TRAUMA, self esteem, performance, grief, divorce and addiction issues (all of the above make it difficult to live a high quality life and affect relationships, career etc if not treated).
I have 20 years experience as a psychologist working and connecting with individuals and couples. I am an expert in couples and relationship management. I have 20 years experience working with depression, anxiety, TRAUMA, self esteem, performance, grief, divorce and addiction issues (all of the above make it difficult to live a high quality life and affect relationships, career etc if not treated).
011 285 0000 View 011 285 0000

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Oriel

< 10

Counsellors in Oriel who prioritize treating:

100% Life Coaching
100% Other
100% Behavioural Issues
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
100% Life Transitions
100% Body Positivity

Average years in practice

7 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Oriel see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Oriel?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.