Therapists in Halfway Gardens
![Photo of Tanele Cecilia Shabangu, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4dabeac8-0fab-4074-a345-377650f4aa58/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tanele Cecilia Shabangu
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halfway Gardens 1686
I'm a registered counsellor with over 9 years of counselling experience. I hold BPsych equivalent honors degree, BA in Psychology, a Diploma in Counselling and communications and a first aid level one certificate that includes behavioral emergencies management for the mental health professionals. I'm a natural connector with people. I specialize in trauma counselling, trauma debriefing, children (7-10), young adults and adults. I offer my sessions in 5 languages: Siswati, Zulu, Xhosa, Sesotho and Sepedi.
I'm a registered counsellor with over 9 years of counselling experience. I hold BPsych equivalent honors degree, BA in Psychology, a Diploma in Counselling and communications and a first aid level one certificate that includes behavioral emergencies management for the mental health professionals. I'm a natural connector with people. I specialize in trauma counselling, trauma debriefing, children (7-10), young adults and adults. I offer my sessions in 5 languages: Siswati, Zulu, Xhosa, Sesotho and Sepedi.
![Photo of Warwick Phipps - Therapy Works Wellness Centre, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/51e25b76-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Therapy Works Wellness Centre
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Halfway Gardens 1686
THERAPY WORKS is a quiet and tranquil Allied Health Medical Centre in Midrand that provides comprehensive Therapeutic Help and Support to Individuals, Couples and Families in all phases of life, with the purpose of enhancing their Interaction and enabling them to Thrive.
THERAPY WORKS is a quiet and tranquil Allied Health Medical Centre in Midrand that provides comprehensive Therapeutic Help and Support to Individuals, Couples and Families in all phases of life, with the purpose of enhancing their Interaction and enabling them to Thrive.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Mandy Florence, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/862c682b-8aad-47db-bedd-531b9de96c4e/2/320x400.jpeg)
I work in a long term psychoanalytic way which is suitable for patients who would like to work deeply with their issues and feelings. Patients who are hoping to grow in themselves, and enrich their interpersonal experiences would find this a rewarding approach.
I work in a long term psychoanalytic way which is suitable for patients who would like to work deeply with their issues and feelings. Patients who are hoping to grow in themselves, and enrich their interpersonal experiences would find this a rewarding approach.
![Photo of Monique Hill Online Drama Therapist, MA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/53066285-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Life can throw curveballs in our path from time to time, and these transitional periods can cause stress, anxiety, depression, and isolate us from our friends and families. Going through significant events such as exams, starting at university, thinking about getting married, getting divorced, changing jobs, or even moving house or country can bring up all sorts of emotions and struggles. At the end of the day, we all want to be able to navigate all of life's challenges with the least stress possible, feeling grounded and supported and ready to face the day.
Life can throw curveballs in our path from time to time, and these transitional periods can cause stress, anxiety, depression, and isolate us from our friends and families. Going through significant events such as exams, starting at university, thinking about getting married, getting divorced, changing jobs, or even moving house or country can bring up all sorts of emotions and struggles. At the end of the day, we all want to be able to navigate all of life's challenges with the least stress possible, feeling grounded and supported and ready to face the day.
![Photo of Shadi Chasakara - Numind, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/42861493-2cc4-4787-9492-a1a393046f2a/2/320x400.jpeg)
I want to help others turn their wounds into wisdom by meeting people where they are, and walking alongside them to where they want to be. I was drawn to the helping profession through my love for relationships, and a deep desire to understand emotional, as well as mental processes by helping one navigate their life’s journey. I have a passion for mindfulness and helping individuals achieve personal growth.
I want to help others turn their wounds into wisdom by meeting people where they are, and walking alongside them to where they want to be. I was drawn to the helping profession through my love for relationships, and a deep desire to understand emotional, as well as mental processes by helping one navigate their life’s journey. I have a passion for mindfulness and helping individuals achieve personal growth.
![Photo of Cynthia Morgan Seepe, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8cd30d7f-0ee1-49df-bc15-5dbf3f7d6a83/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Specialist Registered Counsellor based in Alberto and Randburg. My ideal client seeks to attain holistic Wellbeing. Mental, physical and social. I assist with Trauma, Anxiety, Depression , grief and life changes events. I create a space which allows clients to express themselves in any SA language they are comfortable in. Allow me to hold your hand as you work towards a healthy relationship with self and a healthy lifestyle.
I am a Specialist Registered Counsellor based in Alberto and Randburg. My ideal client seeks to attain holistic Wellbeing. Mental, physical and social. I assist with Trauma, Anxiety, Depression , grief and life changes events. I create a space which allows clients to express themselves in any SA language they are comfortable in. Allow me to hold your hand as you work towards a healthy relationship with self and a healthy lifestyle.
![Photo of Hmrithi Jairam - Elevate Mental Health, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/50a922c0-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Elevate Mental Health is a private psychotherapy practice that is committed to elevating the importance of good mental health. We believe that through effective communication, the conversation around mental health can become one of acceptance, openness, and respect.
Elevate Mental Health is a private psychotherapy practice that is committed to elevating the importance of good mental health. We believe that through effective communication, the conversation around mental health can become one of acceptance, openness, and respect.
![Photo of Kgomotso Grace Sekhute, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6fd2e124-54ed-49af-a808-71fe21d35a58/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist, Executive and Team Coach, who is passionate about facilitating inclusive and equitable health care for marginalised groups. I am able to create safe spaces for individuals and groups, to navigate emotional and behavioural challenges associated with transitions (e.g. coping with chronic health conditions). Our newly established social enterprise, BionicsForAfrika Healthcare (B4AHC), specialises in the provision of comprehensive Family Psycho-Social Care and Assistive Devices (prostheses and bionic limbs), to contribute towards the improvement of quality of life, of Differently Able children.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist, Executive and Team Coach, who is passionate about facilitating inclusive and equitable health care for marginalised groups. I am able to create safe spaces for individuals and groups, to navigate emotional and behavioural challenges associated with transitions (e.g. coping with chronic health conditions). Our newly established social enterprise, BionicsForAfrika Healthcare (B4AHC), specialises in the provision of comprehensive Family Psycho-Social Care and Assistive Devices (prostheses and bionic limbs), to contribute towards the improvement of quality of life, of Differently Able children.
![Photo of Nkululeko Benedict Mhlongo, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/244ffe5a-aeb4-4930-b8cd-f9a831ef3d0a/3/320x400.jpeg)
If you’re looking for quality therapy sessions with a certified Psychologist that cares, then you’ve come to the right place. I guide my patients every step of the way and implement various methods to help them develop new attitudes towards all of life’s most complex matters. Schedule an appointment today and see what I can do for you. Your well-being is my ultimate concern.
If you’re looking for quality therapy sessions with a certified Psychologist that cares, then you’ve come to the right place. I guide my patients every step of the way and implement various methods to help them develop new attitudes towards all of life’s most complex matters. Schedule an appointment today and see what I can do for you. Your well-being is my ultimate concern.
![Photo of Kgomotso Caroline Sebeela, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9d768dcc-fe9e-4296-a65e-cc918e929d79/2/320x400.jpeg)
My ideal client would be someone who finds it difficult to get out of bed every morning because they are feeling depressed, they are grieving for a loved one, they are considering suicide because at that time it sounds like the only option. My ideal client would be someone who feels overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, anxious about life, feels hopeless and has relationship issues. If the above describes you, then you certainly need emotional support, you need someone to confide in and you need coping skills that may be solution-focused.
My ideal client would be someone who finds it difficult to get out of bed every morning because they are feeling depressed, they are grieving for a loved one, they are considering suicide because at that time it sounds like the only option. My ideal client would be someone who feels overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, anxious about life, feels hopeless and has relationship issues. If the above describes you, then you certainly need emotional support, you need someone to confide in and you need coping skills that may be solution-focused.
![Photo of Vuyelwa T Mtimkulu - Vuyelwa T Mtimkulu Therapy Solutions Inc, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/807b948d-4eda-479e-8583-10dc4286e188/2/320x400.jpeg)
Vuyelwa T Mtimkulu Therapy Solutions Inc
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Midrand 1686
Providing comprehensive mental healthcare and therapeutic support clients through life changes utilising best practice and innovative evidence based psychotherapeutic techniques in all phases of life, with the purpose of enhancing their interaction and thereby enabling them to thrive.
Providing comprehensive mental healthcare and therapeutic support clients through life changes utilising best practice and innovative evidence based psychotherapeutic techniques in all phases of life, with the purpose of enhancing their interaction and thereby enabling them to thrive.
![Photo of Tshilidzi Lucia Nemahunguni, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8f4c237c-395b-4c83-bc6a-f5cad6070e7a/3/320x400.jpeg)
Tshilidzi Lucia Nemahunguni
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Midlands Estate 1682
I am a registered counselor. I believe that change starts when you acknowledge the fact that something must be done and you work towards bringing the change you need. I uphold the required ethical conduct and a safe space which gives the client the freedom to Express themselves in the way they feel comfortable.
I am a registered counselor. I believe that change starts when you acknowledge the fact that something must be done and you work towards bringing the change you need. I uphold the required ethical conduct and a safe space which gives the client the freedom to Express themselves in the way they feel comfortable.
![Photo of Chael Nel - Spectrum Centre - Autism Spectrum Solutions, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dbf3f0ac-0c3b-4cf0-a3db-cffad030dd41/2/320x400.jpeg)
Spectrum Centre - Autism Spectrum Solutions
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Midrand 1682
As the presentation of Autism is unique to every individual, I offer an individualized treatment program for Children and Adults living on the Autism Spectrum. The first step in the individualized treatment plan is to conduct a diagnostic assessment in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the true nature and presentation of the diagnosis.
As the presentation of Autism is unique to every individual, I offer an individualized treatment program for Children and Adults living on the Autism Spectrum. The first step in the individualized treatment plan is to conduct a diagnostic assessment in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the true nature and presentation of the diagnosis.
![Photo of Marieta Knight, Social Worker](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/452d2cba-c6ce-4dd8-95b2-bff511bc7f34/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a trained SYMBIS Couples Facilitator.The Covid-19 pandemic has placed an immense strain on relationships and research is showing that the divorce rate is increasing. SYMBIS is an assessment tool from America which provides couples (pre-engaged, engaged, married, entering 2nd marriages and blended families) with a 16-18 page report about their unique relationship dynamics (ie. individual red flags,how they view love,marriage mindset, expectations,personality styles,money matters,sex,and much more). Your relationship is as unique as your fingerprint!
I am a trained SYMBIS Couples Facilitator.The Covid-19 pandemic has placed an immense strain on relationships and research is showing that the divorce rate is increasing. SYMBIS is an assessment tool from America which provides couples (pre-engaged, engaged, married, entering 2nd marriages and blended families) with a 16-18 page report about their unique relationship dynamics (ie. individual red flags,how they view love,marriage mindset, expectations,personality styles,money matters,sex,and much more). Your relationship is as unique as your fingerprint!
![Photo of David Clive Chessman, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4e0b839a-a4fe-472f-818a-374efc1652ed/3/320x400.jpeg)
David Clive Chessman
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Kyalami 1684 (Online Only)
The Wellness Counselling I provide is holistic which means we collaborate on improving your physical and mental coping skills associated with the stresses of daily life. This can include difficult relationships , worrying , and other forms of situations that have become overwhelming for you . When someone is alone in a struggle it can become terribly difficult and lonely. Having someone who listens without blocks and judgement can be valuable during difficult times.
The Wellness Counselling I provide is holistic which means we collaborate on improving your physical and mental coping skills associated with the stresses of daily life. This can include difficult relationships , worrying , and other forms of situations that have become overwhelming for you . When someone is alone in a struggle it can become terribly difficult and lonely. Having someone who listens without blocks and judgement can be valuable during difficult times.
![Photo of Suzaan Lourens - Suzaan Lourens Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1fe80f88-f935-41b3-8f8f-588a2d5131d4/3/320x400.jpeg)
Suzaan Lourens Registered Counsellor
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Midrand 1682
My areas of specialty include marriage/couple's counselling, counselling children using play therapeutic techniques, psychometric assessments to assist with career counselling and subject choice, suicidality, mood and behavioural changes, sexual identity concerns, transitions, family counselling, trauma, bereavement/grief/loss and anger management.
My areas of specialty include marriage/couple's counselling, counselling children using play therapeutic techniques, psychometric assessments to assist with career counselling and subject choice, suicidality, mood and behavioural changes, sexual identity concerns, transitions, family counselling, trauma, bereavement/grief/loss and anger management.
![Photo of Patrizia Favini - PKS Counselling Therapist - Patrizia, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1d21f6d2-89b4-4343-80bf-07ac31e118b5/1/320x400.jpeg)
PKS Counselling Therapist - Patrizia
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Midrand 1686
Life is sometimes daunting, and it's very difficult to see a way forward. Patterns and behaviors learned from childhood are hard to break, and life seems to be an endless circle of always attracting the same people and resulting in the same circumstances and outcomes. Often these leave us feeling down and helpless, asking ourselves when and how can this be changed? I have found that each individual needs to find a counselor attuned to their own needs. This can be established through information supplied and fine-tune listening. Seeking a level of understanding and guidance, let's travel this journey together.
Life is sometimes daunting, and it's very difficult to see a way forward. Patterns and behaviors learned from childhood are hard to break, and life seems to be an endless circle of always attracting the same people and resulting in the same circumstances and outcomes. Often these leave us feeling down and helpless, asking ourselves when and how can this be changed? I have found that each individual needs to find a counselor attuned to their own needs. This can be established through information supplied and fine-tune listening. Seeking a level of understanding and guidance, let's travel this journey together.
![Photo of Sehorane Mavis Lehlomela, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP, Social Worker](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9fae1c75-877d-4add-8ffc-19513fd1d70e/1/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Sehorane Lehlomela affectionately known as Seho, a Social Worker who has interests in working with children and adults who experience life challenges. I specialize in trauma counselling, health and wellness, marriage and family counselling as well as stress related issues. I know seeking professional help is not easy for people especially for men whom the society portrait as strong. It is okay, i am here to listen to you, help you every step of the way until you are okay.
My name is Sehorane Lehlomela affectionately known as Seho, a Social Worker who has interests in working with children and adults who experience life challenges. I specialize in trauma counselling, health and wellness, marriage and family counselling as well as stress related issues. I know seeking professional help is not easy for people especially for men whom the society portrait as strong. It is okay, i am here to listen to you, help you every step of the way until you are okay.
![Photo of Marizaan Koen, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b1844420-754b-494a-86f9-f03423732432/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about seeing how people create meaningful relationships, both with themselves and in their environment, that assists them to develop and self-actualise. The way I work is from an Integrative Interactional Approach, this means that I see the individual as a holistic system, by looking at both the person’s internal psychological processes and how a person relates to their environment. How we interact with ourselves, our environment, and the people around us determines our well-being.
I am passionate about seeing how people create meaningful relationships, both with themselves and in their environment, that assists them to develop and self-actualise. The way I work is from an Integrative Interactional Approach, this means that I see the individual as a holistic system, by looking at both the person’s internal psychological processes and how a person relates to their environment. How we interact with ourselves, our environment, and the people around us determines our well-being.
![Photo of Julia Kuhn, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e0ffbef0-0e9c-4068-b8df-945b62b4757c/2/320x400.jpeg)
It takes some courage to take the decision to come to psychotherapy. You may have experienced a sudden painful disruption in your life which has thrown into question your beliefs about your relationships, yourself and the world, creating a loss of safety. Or perhaps the difficult feelings have been building over time, but you can no longer push them out of mind and tell yourself to bear it and carry on. It can feel both hopeful and frightening to come to therapy. The thought of talking about very personal things to a stranger is understandably anxiety provoking and the need for emotional safety to do so, is essential.
It takes some courage to take the decision to come to psychotherapy. You may have experienced a sudden painful disruption in your life which has thrown into question your beliefs about your relationships, yourself and the world, creating a loss of safety. Or perhaps the difficult feelings have been building over time, but you can no longer push them out of mind and tell yourself to bear it and carry on. It can feel both hopeful and frightening to come to therapy. The thought of talking about very personal things to a stranger is understandably anxiety provoking and the need for emotional safety to do so, is essential.
See more therapy options for Halfway Gardens
Nearby Searches for Halfway Gardens
- Beaulieu
- Bryanston
- Diepsloot
- Edenburg
- Kyalami
- Lonehill
- Midrand
- Noordwyk
- Rivonia
- Sunninghill
- Vorna Valley
- Witkoppen
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Halfway Gardens
< 10
Counsellors in Halfway Gardens who prioritize treating:
100% | Addiction |
100% | Domestic Abuse |
100% | Life Coaching |
100% | Parenting |
100% | Trauma and PTSD |
100% | Other |
100% | Anger Management |
Top 3 insurances accepted
100% | Momentum |
100% | GEMS |
100% | Fedhealth |
How Counsellors in Halfway Gardens see their clients
100% | In Person and Online |
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Halfway Gardens?
Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.
Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.
Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.