Therapists in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Photo of Madeleine Swart, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor
Madeleine Swart
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 6031
I am a General & Pastoral counselor. I have specialized training in Trauma Counseling and Trauma Debriefings, Domestic Violence Advocacy & Sexual Assault Counseling. I also received specialized training in Relationship Counseling (ie. marriage counseling, betrayal trauma, infidelity), Pregnancy-Related Counseling (ie. post-partum, infertility, miscarriage, abortion), and Counseling for First-Responders that involves managing job-related stressors with general life. As a registered Emergency Services Chaplain, I frequently assist members of SAPS, the Metro, Traffic Officers, Paramedics, Firefighters, etc. and their families.
I am a General & Pastoral counselor. I have specialized training in Trauma Counseling and Trauma Debriefings, Domestic Violence Advocacy & Sexual Assault Counseling. I also received specialized training in Relationship Counseling (ie. marriage counseling, betrayal trauma, infidelity), Pregnancy-Related Counseling (ie. post-partum, infertility, miscarriage, abortion), and Counseling for First-Responders that involves managing job-related stressors with general life. As a registered Emergency Services Chaplain, I frequently assist members of SAPS, the Metro, Traffic Officers, Paramedics, Firefighters, etc. and their families.
087 250 0412 x45 View 087 250 0412 x45

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rahila Waka, MA, General Counsellor
Rahila Waka
General Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Elizabeth 6000  (Online Only)
Life can feel like an emotional rollercoaster, filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions like anxiety, sadness, or stress, know that you're not alone. In therapy, I offer a warm and welcoming space where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
Life can feel like an emotional rollercoaster, filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions like anxiety, sadness, or stress, know that you're not alone. In therapy, I offer a warm and welcoming space where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
087 250 2477 x64 View 087 250 2477 x64
Photo of Marguerite Black, MA, General Counsellor
Marguerite Black
General Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
Do you feel emotionally exhausted & worn out by life? As Registered Wellness Counsellor, I provide a nurturing, compassionate space in which all ages and any issues, esp. depression, grief & PTSD are embraced in a spirit of unconditional care. I'll help you GROW and build your STORY towards wholeness through solution-focused CBT, Mindfulness Stress Reduction, Expressive Arts & Narrative. My work includes evidence-based assessments & reports...I am dedicated to help you stop self-sabotaging self-talk, to be free of unwarranted shame, fear; self-doubt & change unhelpful perceptions/attitudes. Start to feel BETTER & HEAL today...
Do you feel emotionally exhausted & worn out by life? As Registered Wellness Counsellor, I provide a nurturing, compassionate space in which all ages and any issues, esp. depression, grief & PTSD are embraced in a spirit of unconditional care. I'll help you GROW and build your STORY towards wholeness through solution-focused CBT, Mindfulness Stress Reduction, Expressive Arts & Narrative. My work includes evidence-based assessments & reports...I am dedicated to help you stop self-sabotaging self-talk, to be free of unwarranted shame, fear; self-doubt & change unhelpful perceptions/attitudes. Start to feel BETTER & HEAL today...
087 250 2464 x96 View 087 250 2464 x96
Photo of Karen Jooste, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Karen Jooste
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000  (Online Only)
When you feel that your life has become unmanageable, it can be difficult to know which direction to go in. It takes bravery to reach out and to admit that you feel overwhelmed. You need a place where you will feel accepted and not judged. I offer on-line addiction counseling sessions to adolescents and adults. I offer a space where you will feel safe and supported. I have worked in the field of addiction for 8 years and I have a degree in Social Sciences, specializing in substance abuse. I work from a positive psychology approach, focusing on a range of treatments such as DBT, CBT and Motivation Interviewing.
When you feel that your life has become unmanageable, it can be difficult to know which direction to go in. It takes bravery to reach out and to admit that you feel overwhelmed. You need a place where you will feel accepted and not judged. I offer on-line addiction counseling sessions to adolescents and adults. I offer a space where you will feel safe and supported. I have worked in the field of addiction for 8 years and I have a degree in Social Sciences, specializing in substance abuse. I work from a positive psychology approach, focusing on a range of treatments such as DBT, CBT and Motivation Interviewing.
072 408 7481 View 072 408 7481
Photo of Siphiwe Ramalwa, BSocSci Hons, Social Worker
Siphiwe Ramalwa
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Motherwell 6211
Greetings. I'm based in Nu 1 Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. Life can be challenging to navigate and taking the first step toward therapy can be daunting. When you take this courageous step, you will be met with warmth and empathy.  I work with clients who are struggling with trauma, grief, low self esteem, stress, anxiety, coping skills and depression. I also render pre-marital, couple counselling as well. I am intentional about building a relationship with my clients that is rooted in trust and safety. We will work together to reduce emotional distress, recover hope, and build resiliency. Face to face and online.
Greetings. I'm based in Nu 1 Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. Life can be challenging to navigate and taking the first step toward therapy can be daunting. When you take this courageous step, you will be met with warmth and empathy.  I work with clients who are struggling with trauma, grief, low self esteem, stress, anxiety, coping skills and depression. I also render pre-marital, couple counselling as well. I am intentional about building a relationship with my clients that is rooted in trust and safety. We will work together to reduce emotional distress, recover hope, and build resiliency. Face to face and online.
087 250 0719 x81 View 087 250 0719 x81
Photo of Vasintha Pather, MA, Psychotherapist
Vasintha Pather
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
Developmental trauma and systemic trauma can have a significant impact on our functioning as adults. I specialise in childhood and attachment trauma, as well as systemic trauma relating to race, gender and organisations. I support my clients - mostly leaders and organisational practitioners - to deepen their capacity to integrate and heal from these difficult life experiences, to embody their emotions, and to restore connection with their innate wisdom, creativity and joy. Growth through the therapeutic process offers possibilities for deeper meaning and effectiveness.
Developmental trauma and systemic trauma can have a significant impact on our functioning as adults. I specialise in childhood and attachment trauma, as well as systemic trauma relating to race, gender and organisations. I support my clients - mostly leaders and organisational practitioners - to deepen their capacity to integrate and heal from these difficult life experiences, to embody their emotions, and to restore connection with their innate wisdom, creativity and joy. Growth through the therapeutic process offers possibilities for deeper meaning and effectiveness.
087 250 2962 x32 View 087 250 2962 x32
Photo of Kobus Fourie, MA, HPCSA - Ind. Psych., Registered Counsellor
Kobus Fourie
Registered Counsellor, MA, HPCSA - Ind. Psych.
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
Past Hurts Men and Women, Young Men in need of healing.
Past Hurts Men and Women, Young Men in need of healing.
087 250 0442 x51 View 087 250 0442 x51
Photo of Deon Jude Swartz, PhD, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Deon Jude Swartz
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6001
I typically find tremendous reward in helping people, from children to adolescents and adults who experience difficulties in dealing with life crises from personal identity to addiction. I also work with trauma debriefing and counselling and psychotherapy in individual, group and marital contexts. I have a lot of experience in dealing with psychometric assessments for educational placement purposes as well as neurological assessments.
I typically find tremendous reward in helping people, from children to adolescents and adults who experience difficulties in dealing with life crises from personal identity to addiction. I also work with trauma debriefing and counselling and psychotherapy in individual, group and marital contexts. I have a lot of experience in dealing with psychometric assessments for educational placement purposes as well as neurological assessments.
087 250 0914 x59 View 087 250 0914 x59
Photo of Nolwazi Somtsewu, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Nolwazi Somtsewu
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Uitenhage 6229
I am a registered Counselling psychologist, with 16 years' experience in supporting clients with career planning and management, study, personal challenges affecting their wellbeing, performance and life satisfaction. I also help with employment preparation, adjustment to preparation for retirement. I am compassionate, and love to help clients to empower themselves to lead meaningful and fulfilling life. I am a firm believer in human potential and working collaboratively with my clients for their personal growth. My services are online and face to face, to individuals, groups, and organizations.
I am a registered Counselling psychologist, with 16 years' experience in supporting clients with career planning and management, study, personal challenges affecting their wellbeing, performance and life satisfaction. I also help with employment preparation, adjustment to preparation for retirement. I am compassionate, and love to help clients to empower themselves to lead meaningful and fulfilling life. I am a firm believer in human potential and working collaboratively with my clients for their personal growth. My services are online and face to face, to individuals, groups, and organizations.
087 250 2477 x38 View 087 250 2477 x38
Photo of Marietha Robbertse, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Marietha Robbertse
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
I am an competent and compassionate psychologist, working mainly with younger children and adolescents. I do psycho educational assessments and therapy and is experienced in helping individuals to handle the daily challenges that can so easily lead to anxiety and depression.
I am an competent and compassionate psychologist, working mainly with younger children and adolescents. I do psycho educational assessments and therapy and is experienced in helping individuals to handle the daily challenges that can so easily lead to anxiety and depression.
087 250 0442 x35 View 087 250 0442 x35
Photo of Wayne Kelsall Hadley, General Counsellor
Wayne Kelsall Hadley
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Uitenhage 6229
Hi thank you for your interest in my profile, whatever your need, this journey is confidential. I have first hand experience and knowledge of addiction, infidelity, marriage, relationships, loss / grief & bereavement. Let’s address the issue and it’s crippling effects and how to best move forward in a constructive sensitively planned manner. Gain the knowledge and tools to overcome and deal with life in a newly empowered way. It seems an impossible task now, however I can guarantee you will feel liberated and able to address the issue with new found hope & vigour
Hi thank you for your interest in my profile, whatever your need, this journey is confidential. I have first hand experience and knowledge of addiction, infidelity, marriage, relationships, loss / grief & bereavement. Let’s address the issue and it’s crippling effects and how to best move forward in a constructive sensitively planned manner. Gain the knowledge and tools to overcome and deal with life in a newly empowered way. It seems an impossible task now, however I can guarantee you will feel liberated and able to address the issue with new found hope & vigour
087 250 0719 x57 View 087 250 0719 x57
Photo of Thabiso Ntshangase - Mental Health and Social Justice Clinic, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Mental Health and Social Justice Clinic
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
Our Mental Health and Social Justice Clinic provides comprehensive psychological evaluations and therapy to kids, teenagers, adults, and seniors. We provide trauma informed individual, couples, group, and family sessions including yoga, mindfulness sessions, and art therapy. We are specialists in trauma informed therapy and our practice provides individual and group therapy services to survivors of human trafficking, domestic violence, and violent crimes. Our licensed and skilled team of therapists is devoted to providing quality services and our social justice team is committed to seeing you thrive in the community.
Our Mental Health and Social Justice Clinic provides comprehensive psychological evaluations and therapy to kids, teenagers, adults, and seniors. We provide trauma informed individual, couples, group, and family sessions including yoga, mindfulness sessions, and art therapy. We are specialists in trauma informed therapy and our practice provides individual and group therapy services to survivors of human trafficking, domestic violence, and violent crimes. Our licensed and skilled team of therapists is devoted to providing quality services and our social justice team is committed to seeing you thrive in the community.
087 250 0162 x26 View 087 250 0162 x26
Photo of Gali Slotow, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor
Gali Slotow
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000  (Online Only)
Have you been finding yourself struggling lately? Do you feel heavy hearted with feelings of hopelessness? Are you emotionally exhausted? It's okay to ask for help. You are safe here, and you are not alone. As Carl Rogers once said "The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination." Reaching out is the first step into the direction of the good life that you seek. Whether you and your partner are experiencing some rough patches, if you as an individual are finding your anxiety levels have risen, or if you have unresolved trauma that you can feel creeping in and taking it's toll, I can help.
Have you been finding yourself struggling lately? Do you feel heavy hearted with feelings of hopelessness? Are you emotionally exhausted? It's okay to ask for help. You are safe here, and you are not alone. As Carl Rogers once said "The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination." Reaching out is the first step into the direction of the good life that you seek. Whether you and your partner are experiencing some rough patches, if you as an individual are finding your anxiety levels have risen, or if you have unresolved trauma that you can feel creeping in and taking it's toll, I can help.
079 734 9641 View 079 734 9641
Photo of Sumarie Engelbrecht - Wholistic Mental Health Care, BSocSci Hons, Registered Counsellor
Wholistic Mental Health Care
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Elizabeth 6000
Embrace empowerment on your journey to healing. Unwavering support for navigating life’s complexities and traumas. Feeling stuck and indecisive in life? Struggling to express your emotions freely? Overwhelmed by life's challenges? You do not have to face these challenges alone. Find your safe space paired with action-based counselling that creates a real-life impact.
Embrace empowerment on your journey to healing. Unwavering support for navigating life’s complexities and traumas. Feeling stuck and indecisive in life? Struggling to express your emotions freely? Overwhelmed by life's challenges? You do not have to face these challenges alone. Find your safe space paired with action-based counselling that creates a real-life impact.
087 250 2477 x86 View 087 250 2477 x86
Photo of Kim Castle, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Kim Castle
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000  (Online Only)
I specialize in the treatment of all intrapsychic and interpersonal issues that a person may be experiencing - such as anxiety, depression, mood disorders, anger issues, issues related to self-esteem, work difficulties, bereavement and relationship issues etc
I specialize in the treatment of all intrapsychic and interpersonal issues that a person may be experiencing - such as anxiety, depression, mood disorders, anger issues, issues related to self-esteem, work difficulties, bereavement and relationship issues etc
087 250 0442 x20 View 087 250 0442 x20
Photo of Henning Gericke, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Henning Gericke
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
I am an experienced therapist, having dealt with a variety of presenting problems in various contexts. This includes, trauma, stress, burnout, grief, relationship issues, challenges of adolescence, adjustment to a new life phase or stressor (such as a chronic or terminal illness) or feeling anxious or depressed. I have worked in educational, medical, community, on-site, online and private practice settings. My ideal client is anyone of 11 years or above who wants change. Any client requesting or attending therapy, I regard as a willing and positive client, capable of change.
I am an experienced therapist, having dealt with a variety of presenting problems in various contexts. This includes, trauma, stress, burnout, grief, relationship issues, challenges of adolescence, adjustment to a new life phase or stressor (such as a chronic or terminal illness) or feeling anxious or depressed. I have worked in educational, medical, community, on-site, online and private practice settings. My ideal client is anyone of 11 years or above who wants change. Any client requesting or attending therapy, I regard as a willing and positive client, capable of change.
084 209 5930 View 084 209 5930
Photo of Vuyokazi Maqubela - Kau Social Work and Life Coaching Services, SACSSP, Social Worker
Kau Social Work and Life Coaching Services
Social Worker, SACSSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Uitenhage 6229
As a Social Worker and a Life coach, I support clients by providing them with tools to take action. I used evidence-based techniques to help my clients identify and address their needs, and develop strategies for coping with and overcoming these challenges. I work with individuals, couples, and families to address a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I have a strong interest in unlocking people' potential to maximize their well-bein. I have a huge belief that all of us have the potential to be magnificent, we just need nourishment and light to move forward.
As a Social Worker and a Life coach, I support clients by providing them with tools to take action. I used evidence-based techniques to help my clients identify and address their needs, and develop strategies for coping with and overcoming these challenges. I work with individuals, couples, and families to address a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I have a strong interest in unlocking people' potential to maximize their well-bein. I have a huge belief that all of us have the potential to be magnificent, we just need nourishment and light to move forward.
087 250 2148 x43 View 087 250 2148 x43
Photo of Lize Olivier, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Lize Olivier
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Uitenhage 6229
I am passionate about working with children, teenagers and young adults. I provide you and your child with more insight as well as tools and skills to thrive. I can assist with Psychological assessments and Therapy for children of all ages, teens and young adults. Working closely with parents guiding and empowering them to help their children to function optimally is my privilege. I work holistically and also empower teachers to support your child. I am fully bilingual in English and Afrikaans.
I am passionate about working with children, teenagers and young adults. I provide you and your child with more insight as well as tools and skills to thrive. I can assist with Psychological assessments and Therapy for children of all ages, teens and young adults. Working closely with parents guiding and empowering them to help their children to function optimally is my privilege. I work holistically and also empower teachers to support your child. I am fully bilingual in English and Afrikaans.
087 250 0782 x41 View 087 250 0782 x41
Photo of Gemma Pemberton, BSocSci Hons
Gemma Pemberton
BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000  (Online Only)
I’m Gemma, I have an unwavering passion for holistic well-being and helping individuals through the challenging times they find themselves in. I’m a modern-day therapist seeking to assist with age-old problems.
I’m Gemma, I have an unwavering passion for holistic well-being and helping individuals through the challenging times they find themselves in. I’m a modern-day therapist seeking to assist with age-old problems.
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Photo of Donnaé Maree Godley, MSocSci, General Counsellor
Donnaé Maree Godley
General Counsellor, MSocSci
Verified Verified
Port Elizabeth 6000
Amidst these times of disruption of the world as we knew it, many are experiencing a deep sense of loss, uncertainty, fear for the future and a sense of hopelessness. Some have lost employment, others have lost friends and family through death, for most, the stability of everyday reality has changed dramatically. Consolidating these experiences, allowing the processes to evolve and find expression, in a holistic and meaningful way, can assist in lightening the load that is ours to carry. In adapting to change we are able to reimagine, see possibility and potential and embrace a new way of being that strengthens our resilience
Amidst these times of disruption of the world as we knew it, many are experiencing a deep sense of loss, uncertainty, fear for the future and a sense of hopelessness. Some have lost employment, others have lost friends and family through death, for most, the stability of everyday reality has changed dramatically. Consolidating these experiences, allowing the processes to evolve and find expression, in a holistic and meaningful way, can assist in lightening the load that is ours to carry. In adapting to change we are able to reimagine, see possibility and potential and embrace a new way of being that strengthens our resilience
087 250 0513 x91 View 087 250 0513 x91

Nearby Searches for Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

< 10

Counsellors in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Infertility
100% Bereavement
100% Spirituality

Average years in practice

6 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.