Photo of Kayla Calvert, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Kayla Calvert
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
We all face adversity and often experience traumatic events which are at times challenging to overcome. When we are faced with such challenges, we often want to deal with these emotions and stressors alone. Ultimately, this can heighten our emotions and sometimes makes things worse for us. I believe that everyone deserves a listening ear and to simply have a safe space to blow off steam and unpack the day. Counselling offers you a space to fully be yourself and discuss everything happening in your life.
We all face adversity and often experience traumatic events which are at times challenging to overcome. When we are faced with such challenges, we often want to deal with these emotions and stressors alone. Ultimately, this can heighten our emotions and sometimes makes things worse for us. I believe that everyone deserves a listening ear and to simply have a safe space to blow off steam and unpack the day. Counselling offers you a space to fully be yourself and discuss everything happening in your life.
087 250 2477 x63 View 087 250 2477 x63
Photo of Aneeqah Ebrahim, SACSSP, Social Worker
Aneeqah Ebrahim
Social Worker, SACSSP
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
Hi, I am a registered social worker specializing in working with individuals aged 6 to 25 years. My therapeutic approach is flexible and tailored to the individual needs and personality of each client, rather than adhering to a single methodology. I provide support for a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, life skills, relationships, life changes, and career counseling. Additionally, I have experience working with children who have intellectual disabilities, including Severe Intellectual Disability (SID) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Hi, I am a registered social worker specializing in working with individuals aged 6 to 25 years. My therapeutic approach is flexible and tailored to the individual needs and personality of each client, rather than adhering to a single methodology. I provide support for a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, life skills, relationships, life changes, and career counseling. Additionally, I have experience working with children who have intellectual disabilities, including Severe Intellectual Disability (SID) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
087 250 2219 x82 View 087 250 2219 x82
Photo of Debbie Lucille Meyer, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Debbie Lucille Meyer
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I believe that every child can learn and should have every opportunity to learn. These opportunities should not just be what our education system offers. Children learn in different ways and I see it as part of my expertise to find ways to help our children learn and develop. I love working with children of all ages. I feel that teens and young adults are often misunderstood and I want to be there for them. We need to find the hope and light within each person and sometimes, we even need to show them what they have within themselves.
I believe that every child can learn and should have every opportunity to learn. These opportunities should not just be what our education system offers. Children learn in different ways and I see it as part of my expertise to find ways to help our children learn and develop. I love working with children of all ages. I feel that teens and young adults are often misunderstood and I want to be there for them. We need to find the hope and light within each person and sometimes, we even need to show them what they have within themselves.
087 250 0412 x27 View 087 250 0412 x27
Photo of Lizé de Lange, BSocSci Hons, Registered Counsellor
Lizé de Lange
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
We all sometimes feel overwhelmed by life’s demands, unsure how to move forward, and weighed down by stress, anxiety, or relationship struggles. My ideal client is someone just like you—seeking a safe space to talk, to explore, and to heal. You may feel like you're juggling too much, like you’ve lost your sense of self, or are just in need of someone to listen without judgement. In our sessions, we'll focus on creating an empathic, supportive and safe space where you can be yourself. Whether you want to improve your resilience, heal from past wounds, or discover new ways to manage life’s challenges, I am here to guide you.
We all sometimes feel overwhelmed by life’s demands, unsure how to move forward, and weighed down by stress, anxiety, or relationship struggles. My ideal client is someone just like you—seeking a safe space to talk, to explore, and to heal. You may feel like you're juggling too much, like you’ve lost your sense of self, or are just in need of someone to listen without judgement. In our sessions, we'll focus on creating an empathic, supportive and safe space where you can be yourself. Whether you want to improve your resilience, heal from past wounds, or discover new ways to manage life’s challenges, I am here to guide you.
087 250 0719 x27 View 087 250 0719 x27
Photo of Debby Kempthorne, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Debby Kempthorne
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
One of the hardest things as a parent is seeing your child in distress. Let us work together so that your child can reach their full potential. Whatever the issue may be, I offer a range of therapeutic interventions and support to assist parents, children and young adults.
One of the hardest things as a parent is seeing your child in distress. Let us work together so that your child can reach their full potential. Whatever the issue may be, I offer a range of therapeutic interventions and support to assist parents, children and young adults.
087 250 2910 x24 View 087 250 2910 x24
Photo of Nontozamo Tsetse, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Nontozamo Tsetse
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parow 7500
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with mental and emotional challenges, feeling overwhelmed, lost, or stuck in your current circumstances? Do you need a safe space to explore your thoughts and feelings, to feel heard, accepted, and understood without judgment? Look no further. I am here to hold your hand while navigating your difficulties and empower you to heal, gain insight into your problems, manage emotional triggers, shift negative thinking patterns, let go of unhelpful behaviors and create the life you desire.
Are you struggling with mental and emotional challenges, feeling overwhelmed, lost, or stuck in your current circumstances? Do you need a safe space to explore your thoughts and feelings, to feel heard, accepted, and understood without judgment? Look no further. I am here to hold your hand while navigating your difficulties and empower you to heal, gain insight into your problems, manage emotional triggers, shift negative thinking patterns, let go of unhelpful behaviors and create the life you desire.
087 250 2293 x25 View 087 250 2293 x25
Photo of Hannes Wessels, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Hannes Wessels
Psychologist, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I am a registered psychologist in Cape Town and the Northern Suburbs. As a psychologist registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa, I strive to help you live a rich and meaningful life despite your emotional difficulties and life struggles. Together in therapy or counselling, we explore the most widely accepted therapy methods to help you. Most importantly I provide a non-judgemental and safe space as a psychologist. The psychological services I provide are Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Career Counselling, Anxiety Therapy, and Assessments.
I am a registered psychologist in Cape Town and the Northern Suburbs. As a psychologist registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa, I strive to help you live a rich and meaningful life despite your emotional difficulties and life struggles. Together in therapy or counselling, we explore the most widely accepted therapy methods to help you. Most importantly I provide a non-judgemental and safe space as a psychologist. The psychological services I provide are Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Career Counselling, Anxiety Therapy, and Assessments.
087 250 2219 x43 View 087 250 2219 x43
Photo of Philile Simamukele Mtshali, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Philile Simamukele Mtshali
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I am a dedicated Counselling Psychologist. I offer a warm and safe space where clients can unpack and process their challenges. I work with various mental health conditions and provide a holistic therapeutic intervention. If you would like to gain insight into your challenges in warm and confidential environment, please do not hesitate to reach out to me.
I am a dedicated Counselling Psychologist. I offer a warm and safe space where clients can unpack and process their challenges. I work with various mental health conditions and provide a holistic therapeutic intervention. If you would like to gain insight into your challenges in warm and confidential environment, please do not hesitate to reach out to me.
087 250 0412 x32 View 087 250 0412 x32
Photo of Martha Tladi, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Martha Tladi
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Parow 7500
I am an experienced Psychologist working from both a Western and African perspective. I work from a CBT, Psychodynamic & Narrative Model. These are used interchangeably depending on the treatment & specific client needs. I work with a wide range of presenting problems such as Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, Social and Adjustment Disorders, Bereavement & Suicide, Managing emotions such as anger, relationship dynamics & a variety of psychosocial stressors. This includes working through effective communication skills and effectively managing difficult emotions.
I am an experienced Psychologist working from both a Western and African perspective. I work from a CBT, Psychodynamic & Narrative Model. These are used interchangeably depending on the treatment & specific client needs. I work with a wide range of presenting problems such as Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, Social and Adjustment Disorders, Bereavement & Suicide, Managing emotions such as anger, relationship dynamics & a variety of psychosocial stressors. This includes working through effective communication skills and effectively managing difficult emotions.
087 250 0719 x44 View 087 250 0719 x44
Photo of Tanja Smuts, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Tanja Smuts
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parow 7500
Waitlist for new clients
I focus on therapeutic work with children, adolescents and parents. I am happy to work with presenting issues such as developmental concerns, child emotional and behavioural problems, depression (including post-natal depression), anxiety, self-esteem end personality issues, family difficulties, bereavement, trauma and adjustment difficulties.
I focus on therapeutic work with children, adolescents and parents. I am happy to work with presenting issues such as developmental concerns, child emotional and behavioural problems, depression (including post-natal depression), anxiety, self-esteem end personality issues, family difficulties, bereavement, trauma and adjustment difficulties.
087 250 0536 x34 View 087 250 0536 x34
Photo of Arnfried Klein-Werner, General Counsellor
Arnfried Klein-Werner
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Parow 7499
The pain of continued relational conflict, that just never seems to be resolved can eat at your soul, leaving you feeling alone and exhausted. The desire to have your partner know your pain and see your hurt is what you long for. Whether the pain has been caused by them, or whether you suffer from the pain of abuse at the hands of caregivers or others in your childhood, you want someone to know and understand what you are going through. You want the pain to stop and become free and whole. Sometimes you just wish you could run away.
The pain of continued relational conflict, that just never seems to be resolved can eat at your soul, leaving you feeling alone and exhausted. The desire to have your partner know your pain and see your hurt is what you long for. Whether the pain has been caused by them, or whether you suffer from the pain of abuse at the hands of caregivers or others in your childhood, you want someone to know and understand what you are going through. You want the pain to stop and become free and whole. Sometimes you just wish you could run away.
087 250 0412 x92 View 087 250 0412 x92
Photo of Lynette Theresa Woodberg - Lynette Woodberg Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Lynette Woodberg Registered Counsellor
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Parow 7499
Counselling is my life purpose. Whilst working in Corporate Human Resources, I engaged many who had mental health challenges, felt misunderstood & lacked support in their environment. I have empathised, listened to & supported those who shared their concerns, dreams & challenges with me esp. when they were not experiencing fulfillment at work. Helping clients to find their true life purpose may reduce symptoms relating to mental health & bring about change that will impact individuals, their families & communities. Other interests include: End of Life, Dementia, Carers Support, GBV, Toxic Relationships, Dealing with Change.
Counselling is my life purpose. Whilst working in Corporate Human Resources, I engaged many who had mental health challenges, felt misunderstood & lacked support in their environment. I have empathised, listened to & supported those who shared their concerns, dreams & challenges with me esp. when they were not experiencing fulfillment at work. Helping clients to find their true life purpose may reduce symptoms relating to mental health & bring about change that will impact individuals, their families & communities. Other interests include: End of Life, Dementia, Carers Support, GBV, Toxic Relationships, Dealing with Change.
087 250 2042 x75 View 087 250 2042 x75
Photo of Jade Petersen, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Jade Petersen
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I hold 2 Masters degrees with research focused on 2 different areas: social support, self-esteem and community violence, and current views on parenting. I have various therapeutic interests, so in the first and second sessions, the client and I together decide if there is a good therapeutic fit. I have come to learn that therapy is an act of personal self-care, where you give yourself space, permission and attention to heal the parts of yourself that others may not see, but that you can feel. I encourage and challenge my clients to grow, to not be afraid to ask questions and to be authentic.
I hold 2 Masters degrees with research focused on 2 different areas: social support, self-esteem and community violence, and current views on parenting. I have various therapeutic interests, so in the first and second sessions, the client and I together decide if there is a good therapeutic fit. I have come to learn that therapy is an act of personal self-care, where you give yourself space, permission and attention to heal the parts of yourself that others may not see, but that you can feel. I encourage and challenge my clients to grow, to not be afraid to ask questions and to be authentic.
087 250 2748 x75 View 087 250 2748 x75
Photo of Ayesha Booley-Schreuder, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Ayesha Booley-Schreuder
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7499
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with the HPCSA and EAPA-SA. I have 16 years of diverse clinical experience working with individuals, couples, groups and organisations in both private and public sectors and with student wellness services at the tertiary level. I have consulted for the University of Cape Town for 9 years and in 2017, I co-founded Impilo Consulting, which is a specialist organisational development and support consultancy.
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with the HPCSA and EAPA-SA. I have 16 years of diverse clinical experience working with individuals, couples, groups and organisations in both private and public sectors and with student wellness services at the tertiary level. I have consulted for the University of Cape Town for 9 years and in 2017, I co-founded Impilo Consulting, which is a specialist organisational development and support consultancy.
087 250 2389 x54 View 087 250 2389 x54
Photo of Abigail Christina Reeve - AR Counselling (Abigail Reeve), HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
AR Counselling (Abigail Reeve)
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I provide a safe space, where you can feel heard and understood. I am a big advocate for mental health and breaking the stigma. Seeking counselling is a sign of strength as you have admitted that you need assistance... You are not alone. My services are also offered in Afrikaans. My dienste is ook beskikbaar in Afrikaans.
I provide a safe space, where you can feel heard and understood. I am a big advocate for mental health and breaking the stigma. Seeking counselling is a sign of strength as you have admitted that you need assistance... You are not alone. My services are also offered in Afrikaans. My dienste is ook beskikbaar in Afrikaans.
087 250 2910 x98 View 087 250 2910 x98
Photo of Glendre Danielle Hendricks, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Glendre Danielle Hendricks
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parow 7499
I am a passionate and enthusiastic young professional with an engaging personality. I try my utmost best in meeting the needs of my clients. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults and am driven to improve the mental health and wellbeing of my clients. I hold additional certificates in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as well Substance Abuse.
I am a passionate and enthusiastic young professional with an engaging personality. I try my utmost best in meeting the needs of my clients. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults and am driven to improve the mental health and wellbeing of my clients. I hold additional certificates in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as well Substance Abuse.
087 250 0782 x21 View 087 250 0782 x21
Photo of Janine Liedeman - Build to Strength, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Build to Strength
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parow 7499
Build to Strength was birthed in a very sensitive time in Cape Town, South Africa; where its citizens didn’t only face a physical health challenge, but in its enormity it was apparent to Janine Liedeman, the head counsellor and founder that her academic foundation had to marry her passion to help many battling with emotional wellbeing. It was then that her practice was opened, in 2020 to help individuals, couples, and families alike to manage the ever-demanding changes and effects of a balanced life by journeying with people and companies equipping them with tools to function in what otherwise be overwhelming stress and dysfunction
Build to Strength was birthed in a very sensitive time in Cape Town, South Africa; where its citizens didn’t only face a physical health challenge, but in its enormity it was apparent to Janine Liedeman, the head counsellor and founder that her academic foundation had to marry her passion to help many battling with emotional wellbeing. It was then that her practice was opened, in 2020 to help individuals, couples, and families alike to manage the ever-demanding changes and effects of a balanced life by journeying with people and companies equipping them with tools to function in what otherwise be overwhelming stress and dysfunction
087 250 0914 x70 View 087 250 0914 x70
Photo of Mamta Govind, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Mamta Govind
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
If you have found yourself scrolling here, I understand that you may be grappling with something in your life that is causing you to feel down, worried & maybe stuck. Maybe it is a lifelong challenge, traumas you have experienced or maybe you are struggling with the loss of a loved one or adjusting to a new life change. Perhaps your relationships are suffering or you feel stuck in your personal growth. You are not alone. I am here to walk this journey with you by providing a safe space & connection that can allow you to explore, heal, overcome & flourish. " Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls..."- Kahil Gibran
If you have found yourself scrolling here, I understand that you may be grappling with something in your life that is causing you to feel down, worried & maybe stuck. Maybe it is a lifelong challenge, traumas you have experienced or maybe you are struggling with the loss of a loved one or adjusting to a new life change. Perhaps your relationships are suffering or you feel stuck in your personal growth. You are not alone. I am here to walk this journey with you by providing a safe space & connection that can allow you to explore, heal, overcome & flourish. " Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls..."- Kahil Gibran
087 250 2477 x24 View 087 250 2477 x24
Photo of Zandile Mdudi, MSocSci, SACSSP, Social Worker
Zandile Mdudi
Social Worker, MSocSci, SACSSP
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I am a social worker with over four years experience working with adults (20 - 60yrs ) and adolescents (14 -19yrs). I have specifically worked with young people with academic and emotional challenges. As well in the employee wellness space assisting adults with challenges such as grief, depression/anxiety, relationship/marital and parental or family challenges.
I am a social worker with over four years experience working with adults (20 - 60yrs ) and adolescents (14 -19yrs). I have specifically worked with young people with academic and emotional challenges. As well in the employee wellness space assisting adults with challenges such as grief, depression/anxiety, relationship/marital and parental or family challenges.
087 250 2962 x19 View 087 250 2962 x19
Photo of Marlize Slabbert, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Marlize Slabbert
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parow 7500
I am a Clinical Psychologist, which means that I have specialist training in diagnostic assessment, intervention and psychotherapy. To maintain my registration with the Health Professions Council of SA (HPCSA), I must comply with Continuous Professional Development (CPD) regulations. I endeavour to empower my clients (adults & adolescents) to face life’s challenges with strength & resilience by developing coping skills, healthy thought patterns & solution focused behaviour, using different therapeutic modalities.
I am a Clinical Psychologist, which means that I have specialist training in diagnostic assessment, intervention and psychotherapy. To maintain my registration with the Health Professions Council of SA (HPCSA), I must comply with Continuous Professional Development (CPD) regulations. I endeavour to empower my clients (adults & adolescents) to face life’s challenges with strength & resilience by developing coping skills, healthy thought patterns & solution focused behaviour, using different therapeutic modalities.
087 250 0162 x98 View 087 250 0162 x98
1

See more therapy options for Parow

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Parow

20+

Average cost per session

R600

Counsellors in Parow who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Stress
85% Trauma and PTSD
74% Coping Skills
70% Depression
70% Bereavement
70% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Discovery Health
89% Bonitas
83% GEMS

How Counsellors in Parow see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

93% Female
7% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Parow?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.