Therapists in O Fallon, MO

Photo of Elizabeth Gebelein, BS, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Gebelein
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366
I believe children have an innate ability to grow in a positive direction. The child-therapist relationship is the element that encourages healing, where the child feels safe, supported, and is able to make those changes that lead to growth through exploring self (experiences, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors). When we meet a child's need, rather than focus on the behavior, we begin to deal with the cause, not the symptom. I focus on possibilities, strengths, and value differences through direct and indirect practices.
I believe children have an innate ability to grow in a positive direction. The child-therapist relationship is the element that encourages healing, where the child feels safe, supported, and is able to make those changes that lead to growth through exploring self (experiences, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors). When we meet a child's need, rather than focus on the behavior, we begin to deal with the cause, not the symptom. I focus on possibilities, strengths, and value differences through direct and indirect practices.
(636) 202-0874 View (636) 202-0874
Photo of Kathleen Patrick, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Patrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368  (Online Only)
Kathleen is a Pediatric Psychotherapist with 23 years experience in the mental health field. She began her career in residential treatment, spent nearly a decade in school-based crisis counseling, and has now been in private practice since 2013. She works with kiddos as young as 5 up through college-age. Although her methodology behind the scenes is very clinical, her in-office style is very approachable, positive, promotes resiliency, and provides very practical coping strategies and tools to help combat the struggles of mental health. She absolutely adores her home within the fabulous team of O’Fallon Pediatrics!
Kathleen is a Pediatric Psychotherapist with 23 years experience in the mental health field. She began her career in residential treatment, spent nearly a decade in school-based crisis counseling, and has now been in private practice since 2013. She works with kiddos as young as 5 up through college-age. Although her methodology behind the scenes is very clinical, her in-office style is very approachable, positive, promotes resiliency, and provides very practical coping strategies and tools to help combat the struggles of mental health. She absolutely adores her home within the fabulous team of O’Fallon Pediatrics!
(636) 344-3333 View (636) 344-3333
Photo of Alexa Miller, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alexa Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368
Life can bring feelings of anxiety, uncertainty, or even self-doubt. You want the feelings you're experiencing to pass. You wait, and wait, but they're still there. It's exhausting and you've grown tired of balancing daily life with these struggles. Not anymore. It's time for a change.
Life can bring feelings of anxiety, uncertainty, or even self-doubt. You want the feelings you're experiencing to pass. You wait, and wait, but they're still there. It's exhausting and you've grown tired of balancing daily life with these struggles. Not anymore. It's time for a change.
(636) 782-3353 View (636) 782-3353
Photo of Amy Jo Hawkins, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Jo Hawkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366
Hi, I'm Amy Jo! I practice a strengths-based, trauma-focused approach to therapy. I work with individuals that are victims of trauma, teens struggling with compulsive behavior & emotional distress, families who have difficulty overcoming their differences, adults who want more out of life & to worry less, & couples longing for strengthened partnerships. What every single one of them has in common, is a hopeful desire for better understanding and deeper meaning about themselves, as well as fostering & nurturing healthy relationships; especially the one they have with themselves.
Hi, I'm Amy Jo! I practice a strengths-based, trauma-focused approach to therapy. I work with individuals that are victims of trauma, teens struggling with compulsive behavior & emotional distress, families who have difficulty overcoming their differences, adults who want more out of life & to worry less, & couples longing for strengthened partnerships. What every single one of them has in common, is a hopeful desire for better understanding and deeper meaning about themselves, as well as fostering & nurturing healthy relationships; especially the one they have with themselves.
(636) 205-1661 View (636) 205-1661
Photo of Julie Bertel, EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julie Bertel
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366  (Online Only)
My goal as a therapist is to work with you to help identify and apply your strengths to create positive and sustainable change. I strive to develop an authentic relationship by creating a safe space for individuals to be heard, understood, and validated. I specialize in working with neurodiverse clients with ADHD, Anxiety, Autism and OCD and provide perinatal and postpartum mental health services for women. I am also passionate about working with parents to help them learn how to support their children across all stages of development.
My goal as a therapist is to work with you to help identify and apply your strengths to create positive and sustainable change. I strive to develop an authentic relationship by creating a safe space for individuals to be heard, understood, and validated. I specialize in working with neurodiverse clients with ADHD, Anxiety, Autism and OCD and provide perinatal and postpartum mental health services for women. I am also passionate about working with parents to help them learn how to support their children across all stages of development.
(636) 339-4541 View (636) 339-4541
Photo of Linda R Partridge, PhD, MS, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda R Partridge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366
Scared to go to counseling? Whether you are an adult or a child, I offer exciting, non-judgmental, state-of-the-art information that provides clear answers to issues that are terrifying to you or seem impossible to fix. Before you leave your first appointment, you will know why your problem is occurring and HOW to begin achieving immediate, positive change in any situation. The process will not be scary but FUN, no matter how serious the problem! Additionally, you will take with you an empowered insight to life that guarantees the way to substantially happier living!
Scared to go to counseling? Whether you are an adult or a child, I offer exciting, non-judgmental, state-of-the-art information that provides clear answers to issues that are terrifying to you or seem impossible to fix. Before you leave your first appointment, you will know why your problem is occurring and HOW to begin achieving immediate, positive change in any situation. The process will not be scary but FUN, no matter how serious the problem! Additionally, you will take with you an empowered insight to life that guarantees the way to substantially happier living!
(636) 240-2240 View (636) 240-2240
Photo of Sara Carter-Jameson, BSW, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Carter-Jameson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with young and older adults, both in individual and family therapy. I have taken special interest in working with end of life issues, times of transition such as grief and loss, relationship changes, and those who may be experiencing a terminal medical diagnosis. I also specialize in working with those who have been diagnosed with a dual diagnosis, mood, depressive, and anxiety disorders. For several years, I worked in in-patient acute healthcare settings. I have extensive experience working with elderly and their caregivers especially those diagnosed with Dementia.
I specialize in working with young and older adults, both in individual and family therapy. I have taken special interest in working with end of life issues, times of transition such as grief and loss, relationship changes, and those who may be experiencing a terminal medical diagnosis. I also specialize in working with those who have been diagnosed with a dual diagnosis, mood, depressive, and anxiety disorders. For several years, I worked in in-patient acute healthcare settings. I have extensive experience working with elderly and their caregivers especially those diagnosed with Dementia.
(636) 735-7066 View (636) 735-7066
Photo of Bonnie Luna, MEd, LPC, CCTP, Counselor
Bonnie Luna
Counselor, MEd, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
O Fallon, MO 63368  (Online Only)
I am now scheduling virtual clients for weekday appointments. I specialize in working with young adults and women who are looking to work through anxiety, depression, grief/loss, life transitions and wanting to find a more balanced life. I am an ally for the LGBTQ+ community and strive to support individual's rights to live a life that feels authentic to who they are.
I am now scheduling virtual clients for weekday appointments. I specialize in working with young adults and women who are looking to work through anxiety, depression, grief/loss, life transitions and wanting to find a more balanced life. I am an ally for the LGBTQ+ community and strive to support individual's rights to live a life that feels authentic to who they are.
(636) 339-3729 View (636) 339-3729
Photo of Apiphanie Lujan, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Apiphanie Lujan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366  (Online Only)
A little about me, I am a licensed professional counselor. I received my Masters degree in Counseling and my Bachelors degree in Psychology. I know that reaching out for counseling is very difficult. It takes so much courage to talk with someone about the amount of help that is needed. I use a strength-based approach that will focuses more on positive characteristics and contributions while tackling any barriers to success. I will help identify boundaries and provide insight to issues that may be withholding clients happiness. I empower my clients so they are able to cope with stressors in a healthy way.
A little about me, I am a licensed professional counselor. I received my Masters degree in Counseling and my Bachelors degree in Psychology. I know that reaching out for counseling is very difficult. It takes so much courage to talk with someone about the amount of help that is needed. I use a strength-based approach that will focuses more on positive characteristics and contributions while tackling any barriers to success. I will help identify boundaries and provide insight to issues that may be withholding clients happiness. I empower my clients so they are able to cope with stressors in a healthy way.
(314) 396-8854 View (314) 396-8854
Photo of Clare Bishop, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Clare Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366
I have experience and enjoy working with children, teens and adults on a variety of issues. I am a part of Side by Side Wellness LLC, which strives to provide individuals at any stage of life the opportunity to achieve their goals through holistic support and services.  Whether you need in depth support to face some of life's toughest challenges, or just need a safe space to share, I am here to help! I believe with the right support and a little hope, everyone has the capacity to heal and move forward in a positive direction in their life.
I have experience and enjoy working with children, teens and adults on a variety of issues. I am a part of Side by Side Wellness LLC, which strives to provide individuals at any stage of life the opportunity to achieve their goals through holistic support and services.  Whether you need in depth support to face some of life's toughest challenges, or just need a safe space to share, I am here to help! I believe with the right support and a little hope, everyone has the capacity to heal and move forward in a positive direction in their life.
(636) 242-5733 View (636) 242-5733
Photo of Aleah Curley, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aleah Curley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368  (Online Only)
You are here and have found my profile because you have taken a step toward healing. Maybe the healing is yours or maybe you are here for a family member. Maybe a close friend. No matter your reasoning I am elated that you are here. I am passionate about your journey to healing. I look forward to being there for you and assist you in reaching your therapeutic goals. It is an honor to be invited to your journey! I am happy to support you as a source of encouragement towards creating a lasting, positive effect in your life.
You are here and have found my profile because you have taken a step toward healing. Maybe the healing is yours or maybe you are here for a family member. Maybe a close friend. No matter your reasoning I am elated that you are here. I am passionate about your journey to healing. I look forward to being there for you and assist you in reaching your therapeutic goals. It is an honor to be invited to your journey! I am happy to support you as a source of encouragement towards creating a lasting, positive effect in your life.
(501) 271-4015 View (501) 271-4015
Photo of Alexander John Haushalter, LPC, MEd, NBCCH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alexander John Haushalter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, NBCCH
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366
The ideal client who desire to be equipped and enabled to handle their issues independently. The client has the ability to solve their life's puzzle. My role is to assist the client to anchor the KEY piece(s) and help to develop their own coping skills . I have been helping people all of my life as a teacher, school counselor, and licensed professional counselor and hypnotherapist . Working with individuals, couples and families are areas in which I excel. Many practicing counselors do not blend traditional counseling practices with hypnotherapy. Using both approaches allows the client's mind to be "totally engaged."
The ideal client who desire to be equipped and enabled to handle their issues independently. The client has the ability to solve their life's puzzle. My role is to assist the client to anchor the KEY piece(s) and help to develop their own coping skills . I have been helping people all of my life as a teacher, school counselor, and licensed professional counselor and hypnotherapist . Working with individuals, couples and families are areas in which I excel. Many practicing counselors do not blend traditional counseling practices with hypnotherapy. Using both approaches allows the client's mind to be "totally engaged."
(314) 582-3396 View (314) 582-3396
Photo of Mia A Mauss, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mia A Mauss
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
O Fallon, MO 63366
Hello! My name is Melanie, but everyone calls me Mia. I know how disorienting and frustrating life can feel sometimes- like you can't help but repeat old patterns, no matter how hard you try. Whether you want to explore how an old wound is showing up in the present day, or learn to develop new ways of relating to people, therapy is a powerful tool to help you move ahead with clarity and confidence. I especially enjoy working with self-motivated women who want to develop healthier relationship habits. You can expect me to show up as a sensitive, challenging and collaborative partner on your journey.
Hello! My name is Melanie, but everyone calls me Mia. I know how disorienting and frustrating life can feel sometimes- like you can't help but repeat old patterns, no matter how hard you try. Whether you want to explore how an old wound is showing up in the present day, or learn to develop new ways of relating to people, therapy is a powerful tool to help you move ahead with clarity and confidence. I especially enjoy working with self-motivated women who want to develop healthier relationship habits. You can expect me to show up as a sensitive, challenging and collaborative partner on your journey.
(314) 789-7296 View (314) 789-7296
Photo of Jordan Gericke, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordan Gericke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
O Fallon, MO 63368
Searching for a therapist, filling out paperwork, finding time and making sure the therapist is a good fit can often feel like A LOT. I know this and I am here to provide any support that I can when taking the difficult steps to ask for help. My goal is to make the process as painless as possible, putting my clients and their needs first. Whether those needs include help for anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, substance use struggles, panic disorder, impulse control struggles or trauma processing, I am here to help. My clients will gain a better understanding of themselves and learn how take an active role in their healing.
Searching for a therapist, filling out paperwork, finding time and making sure the therapist is a good fit can often feel like A LOT. I know this and I am here to provide any support that I can when taking the difficult steps to ask for help. My goal is to make the process as painless as possible, putting my clients and their needs first. Whether those needs include help for anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, substance use struggles, panic disorder, impulse control struggles or trauma processing, I am here to help. My clients will gain a better understanding of themselves and learn how take an active role in their healing.
(636) 306-3155 View (636) 306-3155
Photo of Keith Puellman, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keith Puellman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
O Fallon, MO 63366
I began working in the counseling field 25 years ago. I work with individuals, couples, and families to help them heal from the difficulties of life and develop their full potential. I spent the first 7 of those years working in the addiction field. That experience gave me knowledge, insight, and compassion for individuals struggling with addictions. I also have a passion for helping couples develop strong, healthy, loving, and trusting marriages. As an adoptive father I understand the issues and challenges faced by adoptive parents. I'm experienced in treating depression, anxiety, anger, grief, and issues related to codependency.
I began working in the counseling field 25 years ago. I work with individuals, couples, and families to help them heal from the difficulties of life and develop their full potential. I spent the first 7 of those years working in the addiction field. That experience gave me knowledge, insight, and compassion for individuals struggling with addictions. I also have a passion for helping couples develop strong, healthy, loving, and trusting marriages. As an adoptive father I understand the issues and challenges faced by adoptive parents. I'm experienced in treating depression, anxiety, anger, grief, and issues related to codependency.
(636) 271-4138 View (636) 271-4138
Photo of Amy Gatschenberger Sandford, MAC, LPC, LPCMHSP, MMus, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Gatschenberger Sandford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAC, LPC, LPCMHSP, MMus
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63366  (Online Only)
Be like the bird, who halting in his flight On limb too slight, feels it give way beneath him, Yet sings knowing he hath wings. -Victor Hugo Do you wish you had wings? Do you wish you could sing when the struggles of life no longer offer a steady place to put your feet? Life can be hard. Losses, fear, difficult relationships, or stagnation can steal the joys of our lives.
Be like the bird, who halting in his flight On limb too slight, feels it give way beneath him, Yet sings knowing he hath wings. -Victor Hugo Do you wish you had wings? Do you wish you could sing when the struggles of life no longer offer a steady place to put your feet? Life can be hard. Losses, fear, difficult relationships, or stagnation can steal the joys of our lives.
(636) 535-1790 View (636) 535-1790
Photo of Janza Preston, MA, LPC, Counselor
Janza Preston
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368  (Online Only)
I have created a genuine, engaging therapeutic relationship with clients and apply my skills to provide a healing course of treatment. My experience includes individual sessions involving substance abuse, schizophrenia, developmental disability, career building, depression, and suicidal ideation. My goal for the clients is to enhance their basic emotional, behavioral, and spiritual skills to attain peace in the midst of their storm. Thus, enabling them to apply wisdom in current and future situations.
I have created a genuine, engaging therapeutic relationship with clients and apply my skills to provide a healing course of treatment. My experience includes individual sessions involving substance abuse, schizophrenia, developmental disability, career building, depression, and suicidal ideation. My goal for the clients is to enhance their basic emotional, behavioral, and spiritual skills to attain peace in the midst of their storm. Thus, enabling them to apply wisdom in current and future situations.
(636) 422-5993 View (636) 422-5993
Photo of Brandon Thoma, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brandon Thoma
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Brandon. I believe that the client comes first in the therapy process and is most successful when they are met with unwavering support.
Hi, I'm Brandon. I believe that the client comes first in the therapy process and is most successful when they are met with unwavering support.
(314) 293-6634 View (314) 293-6634
Photo of Sierra Koester, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierra Koester
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
O Fallon, MO 63368
I am passionate about helping people overcome obstacles in their lives through healing and self efficacy. I enjoy working side-by-side with individuals with struggles involving anxiety, relationships, self esteem, school and work struggles, recovery, and burnout. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) and ART (Accelerated Resolution Therapy). Are you ready to work towards wellness?
I am passionate about helping people overcome obstacles in their lives through healing and self efficacy. I enjoy working side-by-side with individuals with struggles involving anxiety, relationships, self esteem, school and work struggles, recovery, and burnout. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) and ART (Accelerated Resolution Therapy). Are you ready to work towards wellness?
(636) 500-1467 View (636) 500-1467
Photo of Kelly Ann Karavousanos, MA, LPC, CT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelly Ann Karavousanos
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
O Fallon, MO 63368
My goal is to meet you where you are. If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief , trauma, or relationship issues we can work together to raise and strengthen your insight, self awareness, and resiliency. Life is never a straight line nor are we always given direction. Many of us are working through a variety of life transitions and I can help you by being an advocate and having a relationship built on honesty, knowledge, and trust. Working together and collaborating to find your strengths and opportunities for growth is what I do best. Please call and let me know how I can help.
My goal is to meet you where you are. If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief , trauma, or relationship issues we can work together to raise and strengthen your insight, self awareness, and resiliency. Life is never a straight line nor are we always given direction. Many of us are working through a variety of life transitions and I can help you by being an advocate and having a relationship built on honesty, knowledge, and trust. Working together and collaborating to find your strengths and opportunities for growth is what I do best. Please call and let me know how I can help.
(636) 442-1959 View (636) 442-1959

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in O Fallon, MO

100+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in O Fallon, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
71% Grief
67% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Cigna and Evernorth
79% Aetna
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in O Fallon, MO see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in O Fallon?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.