Therapists in Marion County, WV

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Photo of Dr. Jude Black, PhD, LPC, NCC, ALPS, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Jude Black
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, ALPS, CCTP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Are you feeling stuck, alone, lost? I can help. Everyone struggles with navigating a world that's often unkind, confusing, and overwhelming. I get it, it's hard to be a human. Having lived all over the world & moved 19 times, I know life can be tricky to navigate. Sometimes you need someone from the outside to help you make sense of life's messy stuff. I can. I've worked in prisons, with veterans, mil-families, trauma victims, govt officials, celebrities, moms, dads, college students, people like you and me, just trying to do life. I'm confident that together, we can shift, adjust, adapt and thrive. Breathe, then get unstuck.
Are you feeling stuck, alone, lost? I can help. Everyone struggles with navigating a world that's often unkind, confusing, and overwhelming. I get it, it's hard to be a human. Having lived all over the world & moved 19 times, I know life can be tricky to navigate. Sometimes you need someone from the outside to help you make sense of life's messy stuff. I can. I've worked in prisons, with veterans, mil-families, trauma victims, govt officials, celebrities, moms, dads, college students, people like you and me, just trying to do life. I'm confident that together, we can shift, adjust, adapt and thrive. Breathe, then get unstuck.
(304) 467-4109 View (304) 467-4109
Photo of Claire Morrison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Claire Morrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
I have a background working with clients with substance use disorders and those carrying trauma from their past. Sometimes the brain can become stuck in survival mode because it is doing what it thinks is best for you. I believe that by having a safe place to compassionately explore the things we keep inside, it can open up the doorway to healing and allow the brain to shift from a state of survival to one of thriving. I am a neurodivergent therapist who loves working with neurodivergent clients to support them in identifying what works for them to be their most functional and happy self.
I have a background working with clients with substance use disorders and those carrying trauma from their past. Sometimes the brain can become stuck in survival mode because it is doing what it thinks is best for you. I believe that by having a safe place to compassionately explore the things we keep inside, it can open up the doorway to healing and allow the brain to shift from a state of survival to one of thriving. I am a neurodivergent therapist who loves working with neurodivergent clients to support them in identifying what works for them to be their most functional and happy self.
(304) 407-2385 View (304) 407-2385
Photo of Jennifer Morris, LPC, ALPS, CCTP, CATP, NCC, Counselor
Jennifer Morris
Counselor, LPC, ALPS, CCTP, CATP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My goal is to meet you where you are at and to support and encourage you to recognize and address barriers which may be holding you back. Therapy is a healing process and my role is to help you identify goals toward a greater sense of well-being.
My goal is to meet you where you are at and to support and encourage you to recognize and address barriers which may be holding you back. Therapy is a healing process and my role is to help you identify goals toward a greater sense of well-being.
(304) 245-9689 View (304) 245-9689
Photo of Kiley R Brescoach, MSW, LICSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kiley R Brescoach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
If you have anxiety, depression or are struggling with balancing new life adjustments such as parenting, motherhood, or college- I want to help you identify barriers and evaluate how to navigate these more positively. My approach is direct, yet kind- I try to give that nudge we all need in some way, to help you journey your path toward your goals. I have found that working with those who struggle with anxiety, & depression often finding balance within daily systems, routines and presence can help reduce worry and fear. It can be so hard to reach out for help, but I want to emphasize no struggle is too small, let's take care of it!
If you have anxiety, depression or are struggling with balancing new life adjustments such as parenting, motherhood, or college- I want to help you identify barriers and evaluate how to navigate these more positively. My approach is direct, yet kind- I try to give that nudge we all need in some way, to help you journey your path toward your goals. I have found that working with those who struggle with anxiety, & depression often finding balance within daily systems, routines and presence can help reduce worry and fear. It can be so hard to reach out for help, but I want to emphasize no struggle is too small, let's take care of it!
(304) 467-4386 View (304) 467-4386
Photo of Darice Yerkovich, LICSW, EMDR-T, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darice Yerkovich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
Fairmont, WV 26554
I see adults and children ages 3 and up. I am trained in TF-CBT, PCIT, and EMDR. I also see children with behavioral concerns and I am a dedicated trauma therapist with a passion for helping individuals heal from past experiences and find inner strength. My main modality of treatment is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a powerful therapy approach that facilitates the processing of traumatic memories and promotes emotional healing. With a deep understanding of the impact of trauma on mental health, I work collaboratively with my clients to create a safe and supportive space for their healing journey.
I see adults and children ages 3 and up. I am trained in TF-CBT, PCIT, and EMDR. I also see children with behavioral concerns and I am a dedicated trauma therapist with a passion for helping individuals heal from past experiences and find inner strength. My main modality of treatment is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a powerful therapy approach that facilitates the processing of traumatic memories and promotes emotional healing. With a deep understanding of the impact of trauma on mental health, I work collaboratively with my clients to create a safe and supportive space for their healing journey.
(304) 933-2226 View (304) 933-2226
Photo of Randy S Glasscock, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Randy S Glasscock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pleasant Valley, WV 26554  (Online Only)
I've been working with people now for many years with a wide range of issues. From the person with time management and stress issues up through those that suffer from life changing illnesses such as Bipolar or severe Substance Use Disorder. I meet people where they are with empathy and a non-judgmental approach. I work with people on the goals that they set and what they see as important to them. When someone reaches out for help I will be there reaching back.
I've been working with people now for many years with a wide range of issues. From the person with time management and stress issues up through those that suffer from life changing illnesses such as Bipolar or severe Substance Use Disorder. I meet people where they are with empathy and a non-judgmental approach. I work with people on the goals that they set and what they see as important to them. When someone reaches out for help I will be there reaching back.
(304) 659-6959 View (304) 659-6959
Photo of Renee Bair - Christian Counseling Associates of West Virginia, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christian Counseling Associates of West Virginia
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Fairmont, WV 26554
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(304) 449-5274 View (304) 449-5274
Photo of Michelle Wakeley, MSW, LICSW, EMDR-T, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Wakeley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
If you're looking to "talk to someone," let's talk. Life stressors, relationship stress, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, or new challenges can be overwhelming. You don't have to do it alone. I offer a warm, accepting, and judgment-free environment where you can explore, grow, and find resolution. Therapy tends to be Choose Your Own Adventure rather than One Size Fits All. Our first few sessions will be all about getting to know you and your needs. We will work together to build a treatment plan and identify strategies that fit you.
If you're looking to "talk to someone," let's talk. Life stressors, relationship stress, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, or new challenges can be overwhelming. You don't have to do it alone. I offer a warm, accepting, and judgment-free environment where you can explore, grow, and find resolution. Therapy tends to be Choose Your Own Adventure rather than One Size Fits All. Our first few sessions will be all about getting to know you and your needs. We will work together to build a treatment plan and identify strategies that fit you.
(304) 534-9321 View (304) 534-9321
Photo of Hallie Ann McLeod, MA, LPC, AADC, LicPsyc, Counselor
Hallie Ann McLeod
Counselor, MA, LPC, AADC, LicPsyc
Verified Verified
White Hall, WV 26554
Not accepting new clients
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues informed by my over 30 years of experience as a psychotherapist. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs to help attain the personal growth they're striving for.
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues informed by my over 30 years of experience as a psychotherapist. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs to help attain the personal growth they're striving for.
(304) 932-4615 View (304) 932-4615
Photo of Beatriz Cedeno Provisionally Licensed Counselor, CT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Beatriz Cedeno Provisionally Licensed Counselor
Pre-Licensed Professional, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Perhaps today you woke up thinking that you are no match for the avalanche of daily struggles, past hurts or unexpected life-changing events that seem to have washed away your joy, your confidence, your sense of self-worth and direction. Maybe today you are feeling the weight of the world on your shoulders and find that you are overwhelmed, tired and that you’ve lost the fight. You’ve come to the right place!
Perhaps today you woke up thinking that you are no match for the avalanche of daily struggles, past hurts or unexpected life-changing events that seem to have washed away your joy, your confidence, your sense of self-worth and direction. Maybe today you are feeling the weight of the world on your shoulders and find that you are overwhelmed, tired and that you’ve lost the fight. You’ve come to the right place!
(304) 381-6465 View (304) 381-6465
Photo of April Starsick - Intuitive Wellness LLC - April Starsick LICSW, SEP, MSW, LICSW, SEP, NARM Tx, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Intuitive Wellness LLC - April Starsick LICSW, SEP
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, SEP, NARM Tx
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Waitlist for new clients
Intuitive Wellness specializes in the NARM (NeuroAffective Relational Model) and Somatic Experiencing(SE) for the treatment of trauma, anxiety, chronic stress and illness from a heart centered, somatic and relational lens. These specialized trauma modalities are designed to address issues including shock trauma, developmental, attachment and relational trauma. How we relate to ourselves, our internal experience, our interactions with others and the world around us, is so foundational to healing.
Intuitive Wellness specializes in the NARM (NeuroAffective Relational Model) and Somatic Experiencing(SE) for the treatment of trauma, anxiety, chronic stress and illness from a heart centered, somatic and relational lens. These specialized trauma modalities are designed to address issues including shock trauma, developmental, attachment and relational trauma. How we relate to ourselves, our internal experience, our interactions with others and the world around us, is so foundational to healing.
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Photo of Katelyn Baker, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Katelyn Baker
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
My ideal client is someone who is looking for answers. I provide psychological testing to help people figure out their diagnoses so they can then take that information and start living their best lives!
My ideal client is someone who is looking for answers. I provide psychological testing to help people figure out their diagnoses so they can then take that information and start living their best lives!
(304) 427-5148 View (304) 427-5148
Photo of Couples Counseling Center - Cheri Timko, MS, LPC, ALPS, CGT, Counselor
Couples Counseling Center - Cheri Timko
Counselor, MS, LPC, ALPS, CGT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
You knew that marriage was going to be hard, but this is ridiculous! It’s not supposed to be THIS hard. There’s just too much bickering, irritability, and frustration. And when you fight—all bets are off and anything goes. It takes days to recover. You wanted a relationship that eased your burdens, not make life more complicated. You worry that you will stop liking each other. And you will lose the love. But deep down, you really want this to work. You want a closer, deeper relationship. There's hope: you don't have to live this way. You CAN have a great relationship. Now offering sex therapy.
You knew that marriage was going to be hard, but this is ridiculous! It’s not supposed to be THIS hard. There’s just too much bickering, irritability, and frustration. And when you fight—all bets are off and anything goes. It takes days to recover. You wanted a relationship that eased your burdens, not make life more complicated. You worry that you will stop liking each other. And you will lose the love. But deep down, you really want this to work. You want a closer, deeper relationship. There's hope: you don't have to live this way. You CAN have a great relationship. Now offering sex therapy.
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Photo of Jude Enrichment Counseling Black - Appalachian Life Enrichment Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor
Appalachian Life Enrichment Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Now in Morgantown! Therapy is a place to pause, reflect on what you are seeking in life and explore the barriers preventing you from taking that next step in your journey. Life changes or chronic situations can throw us off course, leaving us to feel out of sync, confused, & disconnected from life. Whether you are looking to reconnect, find purpose, learn new coping skills, process trauma or loss, manage anxiety, deal with shame or make a life changing decision, therapy can be a safe place to discover the power you have within yourself to design your own solutions & find new ways to navigate challenging situations. Multisites!
Now in Morgantown! Therapy is a place to pause, reflect on what you are seeking in life and explore the barriers preventing you from taking that next step in your journey. Life changes or chronic situations can throw us off course, leaving us to feel out of sync, confused, & disconnected from life. Whether you are looking to reconnect, find purpose, learn new coping skills, process trauma or loss, manage anxiety, deal with shame or make a life changing decision, therapy can be a safe place to discover the power you have within yourself to design your own solutions & find new ways to navigate challenging situations. Multisites!
(304) 467-4175 View (304) 467-4175
Photo of Suzanne Elizabeth Vogler, MS, MA, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Suzanne Elizabeth Vogler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Fairmont, WV 26554
Going to therapy is one of the bravest things to do and I want to walk with you on that path of healing. As someone who has been on both sides of the therapeutic relationship, I understand the work and rewards that a positive therapy experience can make and I am honored to be a part of this field. I have had the privilege of working with a variety of clients working to better themselves and find healing from trauma, substance use, discrimination, anxiety, self-harm, and more. I want every client to feel like they are a key part of their healing journey because they are.
Going to therapy is one of the bravest things to do and I want to walk with you on that path of healing. As someone who has been on both sides of the therapeutic relationship, I understand the work and rewards that a positive therapy experience can make and I am honored to be a part of this field. I have had the privilege of working with a variety of clients working to better themselves and find healing from trauma, substance use, discrimination, anxiety, self-harm, and more. I want every client to feel like they are a key part of their healing journey because they are.
(304) 758-9531 View (304) 758-9531
Photo of Amy Burdette, MA, LPC, Counselor
Amy Burdette
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Anxious? Do you feel like your brain gets stuck? Are you worried about what COULD happen? Are you getting easily irritated towards loved ones? Maybe you are feeling sad, overwhelmed, or having a difficult time with life's changes. Reaching out can be frightening, as well as the idea of these symptoms worsening. I provide a safe, comfortable environment for you and/or your child/family to connect, feel heard and understood, and learn the tools needed to get back to functioning at the level you desire. Let me help you turn life's challenges into a journey of bravery and self-care.
Anxious? Do you feel like your brain gets stuck? Are you worried about what COULD happen? Are you getting easily irritated towards loved ones? Maybe you are feeling sad, overwhelmed, or having a difficult time with life's changes. Reaching out can be frightening, as well as the idea of these symptoms worsening. I provide a safe, comfortable environment for you and/or your child/family to connect, feel heard and understood, and learn the tools needed to get back to functioning at the level you desire. Let me help you turn life's challenges into a journey of bravery and self-care.
(304) 809-9897 View (304) 809-9897
Photo of Mark A. King, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark A. King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554  (Online Only)
I find it important to meet people where they are in life. Taking the steps towards healing and change is not easy. Exploring values and identifying barriers gives a path towards the things you may want in life. My favorite question to ask is “What do YOU want?”, followed by my second which is “What are YOU doing to get there?” With those two questions you and
I find it important to meet people where they are in life. Taking the steps towards healing and change is not easy. Exploring values and identifying barriers gives a path towards the things you may want in life. My favorite question to ask is “What do YOU want?”, followed by my second which is “What are YOU doing to get there?” With those two questions you and
(304) 245-6602 View (304) 245-6602
Photo of Travis Hogbin, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Travis Hogbin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
I want to help you be YOU. I want to help you find your voice, your agency, and your strengths. The better we know ourselves—the more honest we are with ourselves—the better we can make change. People are nuanced, complex, and more capable than we realize; the tools you need are already there, and I want to help you use them.
I want to help you be YOU. I want to help you find your voice, your agency, and your strengths. The better we know ourselves—the more honest we are with ourselves—the better we can make change. People are nuanced, complex, and more capable than we realize; the tools you need are already there, and I want to help you use them.
(304) 903-6487 View (304) 903-6487
Photo of Lora McDonald, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lora McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
A multitude of experiences have allowed our paths to cross, and I am honored to be part of your journey toward growth and healing. I strive to provide you with the authenticity and openness I hope to receive as we explore your story. My goal is to collaboratively approach your struggles with compassion, challenge the perceptions that are holding you back, and work toward a rewarding future. I am here to provide a safe space for your self-exploration, cheer you on, and push you to take the next step.
A multitude of experiences have allowed our paths to cross, and I am honored to be part of your journey toward growth and healing. I strive to provide you with the authenticity and openness I hope to receive as we explore your story. My goal is to collaboratively approach your struggles with compassion, challenge the perceptions that are holding you back, and work toward a rewarding future. I am here to provide a safe space for your self-exploration, cheer you on, and push you to take the next step.
(304) 774-2951 View (304) 774-2951
Photo of Marion C Bean Moreland, LPC, NCC, CT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marion C Bean Moreland
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairmont, WV 26554
Each person is endowed with dignity and on a journey to discover who they are and their purpose, but sometimes life gets in the way. I am passionate about helping individuals and couples travel through the ups and downs of life while discovering who they want to be. . I believe that each person is uniquely created to flourish, and they have goodness and dignity which allows them to enter relationship with others and it is in those relationships that we discover strengths and weaknesses. Helping a person maximize their strengths while tending to their weaknesses in a healthy manner will lead to flourishing.
Each person is endowed with dignity and on a journey to discover who they are and their purpose, but sometimes life gets in the way. I am passionate about helping individuals and couples travel through the ups and downs of life while discovering who they want to be. . I believe that each person is uniquely created to flourish, and they have goodness and dignity which allows them to enter relationship with others and it is in those relationships that we discover strengths and weaknesses. Helping a person maximize their strengths while tending to their weaknesses in a healthy manner will lead to flourishing.
(304) 892-8774 View (304) 892-8774
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Marion County, WV

70+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Marion County, WV who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
63% Coping Skills
63% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Highmark
70% Aetna

How Therapists in Marion County, WV see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Marion County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.