Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Carmelia Nadia Nafe, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carmelia Nadia Nafe
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
As a Counseling Psychology Doctoral Practicum Student at the Center for Mental Health Excellence (CFMHE), I am dedicated to enhancing community well-being. My approach fosters resilience, embraces authenticity, and promotes a growth mindset to help clients navigate life's challenges. My research and clinical work focus on understanding the intricate relationships between socioeconomic factors, family dynamics, parenting, and child development. I am particularly passionate about supporting persecuted immigrant families through community building, helping them develop grit and resilience.
As a Counseling Psychology Doctoral Practicum Student at the Center for Mental Health Excellence (CFMHE), I am dedicated to enhancing community well-being. My approach fosters resilience, embraces authenticity, and promotes a growth mindset to help clients navigate life's challenges. My research and clinical work focus on understanding the intricate relationships between socioeconomic factors, family dynamics, parenting, and child development. I am particularly passionate about supporting persecuted immigrant families through community building, helping them develop grit and resilience.
(619) 658-2697 View (619) 658-2697
Photo of Elisa Blair, MS, PMH-C, LMFT-CA, LMFT-AZ, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elisa Blair
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, PMH-C, LMFT-CA, LMFT-AZ
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
Tired, stressed, and fighting with your partner. It is the same loop. How did it get this bad? You just want feel calmer and like you and your partner on the same page again. You are tired of "pretending" to have it all together. Both of you have overcome a lot. Stressful childhoods and now navigating the adult world. But you have told yourself "we shouldn't be fighting like this." Attachment struggles, the avoider, the chaser, regardless of what you call it, it sucks. Whether it's just you or both of you in therapy, it is time to unpack the stuff that is holding your relationship back.
Tired, stressed, and fighting with your partner. It is the same loop. How did it get this bad? You just want feel calmer and like you and your partner on the same page again. You are tired of "pretending" to have it all together. Both of you have overcome a lot. Stressful childhoods and now navigating the adult world. But you have told yourself "we shouldn't be fighting like this." Attachment struggles, the avoider, the chaser, regardless of what you call it, it sucks. Whether it's just you or both of you in therapy, it is time to unpack the stuff that is holding your relationship back.
(619) 332-4167 View (619) 332-4167
Photo of Parysa Parvizian - Parysa Parvizian, Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Parysa Parvizian, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
My prominent specialty is treating trauma and PTSD symptoms (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). Each person's traumatic experience is unique to the individual due to many factors such as relationships, personality, coping skills, strengths, risk factors, and perception on life can influence how a person manages their trauma. I completed my doctorate degree by doing extensive research on trauma-related resiliency factors amongst those who have been through child abuse, as well as years of clinical experience working with trauma victims. Shame/guilt issues is a significant focus of the trauma work I do in improving a client's resilience.
My prominent specialty is treating trauma and PTSD symptoms (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). Each person's traumatic experience is unique to the individual due to many factors such as relationships, personality, coping skills, strengths, risk factors, and perception on life can influence how a person manages their trauma. I completed my doctorate degree by doing extensive research on trauma-related resiliency factors amongst those who have been through child abuse, as well as years of clinical experience working with trauma victims. Shame/guilt issues is a significant focus of the trauma work I do in improving a client's resilience.
(619) 292-0326 View (619) 292-0326
Photo of Steve Sprinkle, PhD, Psychologist
Steve Sprinkle
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130
I provide empirically supported treatment to help clients address depression, anxiety, and other common psychological concerns. I also work with clients navigating significant life, career, and health transitions. My primary approach to treatment combines cognitive behavioral and narrative therapy strategies. My goals in therapy are to establish a strong therapeutic relationship as clients develop insight into their problems, and to help clients deepen their personal relationships, adopt healthier ways of thinking, and lead more productive and rewarding lives.
I provide empirically supported treatment to help clients address depression, anxiety, and other common psychological concerns. I also work with clients navigating significant life, career, and health transitions. My primary approach to treatment combines cognitive behavioral and narrative therapy strategies. My goals in therapy are to establish a strong therapeutic relationship as clients develop insight into their problems, and to help clients deepen their personal relationships, adopt healthier ways of thinking, and lead more productive and rewarding lives.
(858) 281-2957 View (858) 281-2957
Photo of Monica Whitlock, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Monica Whitlock
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92110
I specialize in couple and family therapy, and in working with college students. I also work with individuals experiencing professional burnout, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. My style is authentic and practical. I work collaboratively with you to help you gain clarity, perhaps think differently, and ultimately improve your quality of life. I use clinical methods informed by neuroscience that bring about symptom resolution and coherence.
I specialize in couple and family therapy, and in working with college students. I also work with individuals experiencing professional burnout, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. My style is authentic and practical. I work collaboratively with you to help you gain clarity, perhaps think differently, and ultimately improve your quality of life. I use clinical methods informed by neuroscience that bring about symptom resolution and coherence.
(619) 505-0441 View (619) 505-0441
Photo of Liana Abascal, PhD, MPH, dipACLM, Psychologist
Liana Abascal
Psychologist, PhD, MPH, dipACLM
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121  (Online Only)
Is your life not where you want it to be? Change is hard. While doing things differently can feel uncomfortable at first, it is possible to do, and becomes more comfortable with time. Change often applies to the behaviors we engage in, or the thoughts that we have. Change can also apply to our relationship with our thoughts, and it is powerful to become less tied to the random thoughts that appear in our head. Let us help you with this! We are passionate about helping people get unstuck and move forward in their lives. Our approach is collaborative and non-judgmental, and includes warmth, compassion and humor.
Is your life not where you want it to be? Change is hard. While doing things differently can feel uncomfortable at first, it is possible to do, and becomes more comfortable with time. Change often applies to the behaviors we engage in, or the thoughts that we have. Change can also apply to our relationship with our thoughts, and it is powerful to become less tied to the random thoughts that appear in our head. Let us help you with this! We are passionate about helping people get unstuck and move forward in their lives. Our approach is collaborative and non-judgmental, and includes warmth, compassion and humor.
(858) 682-6427 View (858) 682-6427
Photo of Dr. Carlie Lakin, PsyD, MA, Psychological Associate
Dr. Carlie Lakin
Psychological Associate, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92110
Strong emotions can be overwhelming and confusing. Without the right support, it’s easy to fall into self-blame and criticism, damaging your relationship with yourself and preventing you from experiencing a full and meaningful life. Disconnection also contributes to mental health struggles like depression and anxiety. To heal, you need a safe space and someone who accepts you as you are and helps guide you to where you want to go.
Strong emotions can be overwhelming and confusing. Without the right support, it’s easy to fall into self-blame and criticism, damaging your relationship with yourself and preventing you from experiencing a full and meaningful life. Disconnection also contributes to mental health struggles like depression and anxiety. To heal, you need a safe space and someone who accepts you as you are and helps guide you to where you want to go.
(619) 371-4592 View (619) 371-4592
Photo of Ain Roost, Psychologist
Ain Roost
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy is one of your most important decisions. Therapy can have enormous life-altering consequences. As you stand at the crossroads of your future, finding the right therapist will be vital to the success of your journey. Therapy works best when you can safely share your deepest concerns and feel truly heard. Feeling that you are in capable hands and can trust the feedback and suggestions you are given will allow you to try out new ways of being in the world.
Seeking therapy is one of your most important decisions. Therapy can have enormous life-altering consequences. As you stand at the crossroads of your future, finding the right therapist will be vital to the success of your journey. Therapy works best when you can safely share your deepest concerns and feel truly heard. Feeling that you are in capable hands and can trust the feedback and suggestions you are given will allow you to try out new ways of being in the world.
(858) 215-1957 View (858) 215-1957
Photo of Hinza Berhe, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hinza Berhe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122  (Online Only)
It is challenging to be in our own thoughts and to find the motivation needed to achieve the things we want or that which we are expected to achieve. Life is hard enough without the pressures of living up to others’ expectations. Know, however, that you have the ability to shape your own future and live the life you want. You don’t need to keep suffering the demands you inherited. Embracing your own goals and desires can lead to acceptance and fulfillment, and can help discredit the assumption that discord and chaos will ravage your life and relationships if done otherwise.
It is challenging to be in our own thoughts and to find the motivation needed to achieve the things we want or that which we are expected to achieve. Life is hard enough without the pressures of living up to others’ expectations. Know, however, that you have the ability to shape your own future and live the life you want. You don’t need to keep suffering the demands you inherited. Embracing your own goals and desires can lead to acceptance and fulfillment, and can help discredit the assumption that discord and chaos will ravage your life and relationships if done otherwise.
(858) 289-6288 View (858) 289-6288
Photo of Jasmin Jackson, MS
Jasmin Jackson
MS
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
The ideal client is MOTIVATED and realizes there is a need for CHANGE starting with one's self. Sometimes we just need that push in the right direction; a new set of eyes; that guidance to the answers that's already within. If that's what your're looking for, then you've found the right person! Are you struggling with your daily activities? Not feeling like yourself? Filled with constant worry? Just know you are not alone. Often times, life gets the best of us and we're bombarded with stress and life's constant demands. Let me help you to gain the tools to reduce those stressors and get back to enjoying life.
The ideal client is MOTIVATED and realizes there is a need for CHANGE starting with one's self. Sometimes we just need that push in the right direction; a new set of eyes; that guidance to the answers that's already within. If that's what your're looking for, then you've found the right person! Are you struggling with your daily activities? Not feeling like yourself? Filled with constant worry? Just know you are not alone. Often times, life gets the best of us and we're bombarded with stress and life's constant demands. Let me help you to gain the tools to reduce those stressors and get back to enjoying life.
(858) 360-8991 View (858) 360-8991
Photo of Simone Stear Zwipf, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Simone Stear Zwipf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92109  (Online Only)
My name is Simone Stear Zwipf and I am so excited to partner with you. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist as well as a licensed professional clinical counselor.
My name is Simone Stear Zwipf and I am so excited to partner with you. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist as well as a licensed professional clinical counselor.
(858) 758-7764 View (858) 758-7764
Photo of Sylvia L. Flanagan, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sylvia L. Flanagan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years' experience working with both individuals and couples. I create a caring, safe, challenging and motivating environment so clients can better understand their patterns and start breaking cycles that inhibit well-being and potential. All of us will encounter periods of uncertainty, difficulty or change and may respond repetitively or unproductively, leaving us frustrated, weakened or unable to effectively tackle life's challenges. I encourage clients to enhance their strengths, increase self-understanding and foster personal and relational growth. No person is broken, or needs to be fixed, but only rediscovered.
I have over 20 years' experience working with both individuals and couples. I create a caring, safe, challenging and motivating environment so clients can better understand their patterns and start breaking cycles that inhibit well-being and potential. All of us will encounter periods of uncertainty, difficulty or change and may respond repetitively or unproductively, leaving us frustrated, weakened or unable to effectively tackle life's challenges. I encourage clients to enhance their strengths, increase self-understanding and foster personal and relational growth. No person is broken, or needs to be fixed, but only rediscovered.
(619) 257-4807 View (619) 257-4807
Photo of Keri Rosen, BSW, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keri Rosen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92123
When you are worried that your child is not at their best and may be suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety or behavioral problems, it can be difficult to know what to do. Making the decision to put your child in therapy can be a difficult one that comes along with fear of judgement, failure and anxiety. At the same time, we want what is best for our children and we want them to grow and succeed in life. It is my goal to assist children and families to be healthy, happy and thriving.
When you are worried that your child is not at their best and may be suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety or behavioral problems, it can be difficult to know what to do. Making the decision to put your child in therapy can be a difficult one that comes along with fear of judgement, failure and anxiety. At the same time, we want what is best for our children and we want them to grow and succeed in life. It is my goal to assist children and families to be healthy, happy and thriving.
(619) 780-1596 View (619) 780-1596
Photo of Evelyn Serna-Balderas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Evelyn Serna-Balderas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122
Hi I’m Evelyn Serna-Balderas. I am a licensed clinical social Worker who appreciates and is motivated in working with individuals to navigate through challenges and experience growth in their journey. I have had the opportunity to work with a wide variety of clients ranging from children to older adults. I often engage clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, difficulty in life transitions, bipolar diagnosis, BPD, and dual diagnosis.
Hi I’m Evelyn Serna-Balderas. I am a licensed clinical social Worker who appreciates and is motivated in working with individuals to navigate through challenges and experience growth in their journey. I have had the opportunity to work with a wide variety of clients ranging from children to older adults. I often engage clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, difficulty in life transitions, bipolar diagnosis, BPD, and dual diagnosis.
(858) 723-0590 View (858) 723-0590
Photo of Jordan Roeschlein, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jordan Roeschlein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Anxiety can be felt in a lot of different ways; chronic worry, isolating, difficulty focusing, feeling irritable, tense, restless or frozen and even physical ailments. This can have harmful impacts our relationships, daily performance and how we engage with the world around us. Whether this stems from a traumatic event, past or present relationship(s), a major transition in your life, current events throughout the world or you're working on finding the root cause, you can experience relief, get back to enjoying your life and improve your connections.
Anxiety can be felt in a lot of different ways; chronic worry, isolating, difficulty focusing, feeling irritable, tense, restless or frozen and even physical ailments. This can have harmful impacts our relationships, daily performance and how we engage with the world around us. Whether this stems from a traumatic event, past or present relationship(s), a major transition in your life, current events throughout the world or you're working on finding the root cause, you can experience relief, get back to enjoying your life and improve your connections.
(619) 975-3114 View (619) 975-3114
Photo of Krystin Hunter, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Krystin Hunter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Krystin is a Marriage and Family Therapy, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Loma Linda University with a Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy and has a Bachelor's degree in Wilderness Therapy/Outdoor Leadership. Krystin believes that everyone has within them what it takes to find joy and feel success in their lives. She prides herself in proving a safe and comfortable space for clients to explore both themselves and their past, and approaches each of her clients with a genuine curiosity of their unique upbringing and experiences.
Krystin is a Marriage and Family Therapy, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Loma Linda University with a Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy and has a Bachelor's degree in Wilderness Therapy/Outdoor Leadership. Krystin believes that everyone has within them what it takes to find joy and feel success in their lives. She prides herself in proving a safe and comfortable space for clients to explore both themselves and their past, and approaches each of her clients with a genuine curiosity of their unique upbringing and experiences.
(858) 239-1619 View (858) 239-1619
Photo of Jill Silverman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Silverman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
Are you suffering from relationship pain, stress or traumatic memories? Do you find yourself struggling with health, career and financial issues? I have been helping people with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and relationship problems for over 20 years. I am an expert in helping my clients get out of emotional distress and into healthy thinking and living. I offer tools to assist in effective communication, boundary setting, stress management and conflict resolution. I help clients to manage difficult emotions, overcome negative thinking, feel more confident, and create loving relationships. I also specialize in EMDR.
Are you suffering from relationship pain, stress or traumatic memories? Do you find yourself struggling with health, career and financial issues? I have been helping people with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and relationship problems for over 20 years. I am an expert in helping my clients get out of emotional distress and into healthy thinking and living. I offer tools to assist in effective communication, boundary setting, stress management and conflict resolution. I help clients to manage difficult emotions, overcome negative thinking, feel more confident, and create loving relationships. I also specialize in EMDR.
(858) 793-2400 View (858) 793-2400
Photo of Sydney DeLancy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sydney DeLancy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101  (Online Only)
My goal is to support you in gaining self-awareness and empower you towards healing in efforts to advance your emotional well-being. I utilize a variety of approaches to help you understand how your past affects who you are today while instilling hope for your future. I hope to make you feel safe, comfortable and heard throughout your therapeutic journey by providing a non-judgmental space to accomplish your individual goals.
My goal is to support you in gaining self-awareness and empower you towards healing in efforts to advance your emotional well-being. I utilize a variety of approaches to help you understand how your past affects who you are today while instilling hope for your future. I hope to make you feel safe, comfortable and heard throughout your therapeutic journey by providing a non-judgmental space to accomplish your individual goals.
(510) 390-9503 View (510) 390-9503
Photo of Abigail Jacques, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Abigail Jacques
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101
I’m Abigail Jacques, but you can just call me Abby! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. Choosing to begin therapy is a vulnerable and brave step, and I can’t wait to walk alongside you in this process. I typically work with adolescents and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, life changes, self-esteem, and balancing the ups and downs of life. I am particularly passionate about helping those who wish to process and heal from trauma. I want my clients to feel like they are being understood and supported, not just assessed and analyzed.
I’m Abigail Jacques, but you can just call me Abby! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. Choosing to begin therapy is a vulnerable and brave step, and I can’t wait to walk alongside you in this process. I typically work with adolescents and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, life changes, self-esteem, and balancing the ups and downs of life. I am particularly passionate about helping those who wish to process and heal from trauma. I want my clients to feel like they are being understood and supported, not just assessed and analyzed.
(858) 914-0055 View (858) 914-0055
Photo of Gina Poltl, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gina Poltl
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92123
"To the world you may be one person but to one person you may be the world"(Author unknown). When we are facing daily challenges in our lives, it can be difficult to see that we are loved, have a positive mindset, be grateful, feel good about ourselves, smile or have the motivation to do things which can negatively impact our daily functioning and relationships with others. My hope is that through therapy you will learn how to overcome these obstacles in order to become the best version of yourself and realize how important you are in this world.
"To the world you may be one person but to one person you may be the world"(Author unknown). When we are facing daily challenges in our lives, it can be difficult to see that we are loved, have a positive mindset, be grateful, feel good about ourselves, smile or have the motivation to do things which can negatively impact our daily functioning and relationships with others. My hope is that through therapy you will learn how to overcome these obstacles in order to become the best version of yourself and realize how important you are in this world.
(858) 504-6402 View (858) 504-6402
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$164

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
69% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Relationship Issues
63% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
77% Cigna and Evernorth
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.