Therapists in Slinger, WI

Photo of Carmen Klenner, MSEd, LPC, CSAC, Counselor
Carmen Klenner
Counselor, MSEd, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Slinger, WI 53086
My goal is to meet all clients where they are at on their journeys. Through the use of a combination of Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness, my clients have found peace and success in moving forward through difficult life situations. Each client has a unique story; I am determined to discover the story and assist the client in exploring the possibilities of a well balanced life. In providing a safe place to explore the feelings of disappointment, grief, anxiety, depression, and addiction, current and former clients have discovered these temporary vices prevent the client from moving forward.
My goal is to meet all clients where they are at on their journeys. Through the use of a combination of Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness, my clients have found peace and success in moving forward through difficult life situations. Each client has a unique story; I am determined to discover the story and assist the client in exploring the possibilities of a well balanced life. In providing a safe place to explore the feelings of disappointment, grief, anxiety, depression, and addiction, current and former clients have discovered these temporary vices prevent the client from moving forward.
(262) 709-2033 View (262) 709-2033
Photo of Naomi B Arenzon, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Naomi B Arenzon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Slinger, WI 53086  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm glad you're here. Making the choice to start therapy is not always an easy one. A bit about me... I specialize in working with both teens and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, and difficult life transitions. I also have experience with Borderline Personality Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and OCD. My therapy style is warm, open, and centered on building compassion from within. I believe in tailoring my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual, using a variety of therapeutic techniques.
Welcome! I'm glad you're here. Making the choice to start therapy is not always an easy one. A bit about me... I specialize in working with both teens and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, and difficult life transitions. I also have experience with Borderline Personality Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and OCD. My therapy style is warm, open, and centered on building compassion from within. I believe in tailoring my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual, using a variety of therapeutic techniques.
(262) 300-4534 View (262) 300-4534

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Megan Kathryn Young - Young Family Counseling, LLC, LPC, MSCP, Counselor
Young Family Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LPC, MSCP
Verified Verified
Hartford, WI 53027  (Online Only)
Welcome to Young Family Counseling, a boutique virtual private therapy practice dedicated to providing personalized and compassionate care in a serene and confidential online environment. I believe that therapy is a deeply personal experience. I offer a customized approach tailored to your unique needs and goals, ensuring that you receive the attention you deserve on your healing journey. My virtual practice maintains a small, selective caseload, enabling me to build meaningful connections and provide the highest quality of care.
Welcome to Young Family Counseling, a boutique virtual private therapy practice dedicated to providing personalized and compassionate care in a serene and confidential online environment. I believe that therapy is a deeply personal experience. I offer a customized approach tailored to your unique needs and goals, ensuring that you receive the attention you deserve on your healing journey. My virtual practice maintains a small, selective caseload, enabling me to build meaningful connections and provide the highest quality of care.
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Photo of Tiernee Schatz, ATR-BC, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiernee Schatz
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR-BC, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
West Bend, WI 53095
I offer a personalized and holistic approach to therapy, moving beyond a clinical, symptom focused model. Working collaboratively we will tend to the roots, uncovering whatever it is that is stunting your growth and implement healing. I offer skill development practices that encourage self-regulation, self-knowledge, self-confidence, and self-efficacy that will aid you in your ability to heal and live an authentic, joyful life. When we know ourselves well, are confident in our ability to trust, change, heal and grow, we are better able to make choices that align with our true selves leading us to a life of purpose and meaning.
I offer a personalized and holistic approach to therapy, moving beyond a clinical, symptom focused model. Working collaboratively we will tend to the roots, uncovering whatever it is that is stunting your growth and implement healing. I offer skill development practices that encourage self-regulation, self-knowledge, self-confidence, and self-efficacy that will aid you in your ability to heal and live an authentic, joyful life. When we know ourselves well, are confident in our ability to trust, change, heal and grow, we are better able to make choices that align with our true selves leading us to a life of purpose and meaning.
(262) 233-9239 View (262) 233-9239
Photo of Anna Ackerman, MS,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anna Ackerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Hubertus, WI 53033
Anna has a particular passion for working with teens and families dealing with schoolrelated issues, such as truancy and school avoidance, as well as interfamilial distress. Her expertise in these areas is reinforced by her experience with the youth justice and child welfare systems, providing her with a deep understanding of the challenges families may face. Additionally, Anna is trained in anger replacement training therapy, further enhancing her ability to help clients manage intense emotions and behaviors. In addition to her clinical work, Anna enjoys spending time with her family, biking, practicing yoga, and walking her dog.
Anna has a particular passion for working with teens and families dealing with schoolrelated issues, such as truancy and school avoidance, as well as interfamilial distress. Her expertise in these areas is reinforced by her experience with the youth justice and child welfare systems, providing her with a deep understanding of the challenges families may face. Additionally, Anna is trained in anger replacement training therapy, further enhancing her ability to help clients manage intense emotions and behaviors. In addition to her clinical work, Anna enjoys spending time with her family, biking, practicing yoga, and walking her dog.
(262) 668-8805 View (262) 668-8805
Photo of Katy Peroutka Marver, LPC, ATR
Katy Peroutka Marver
LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53090
Entering into counseling takes both courage and vulnerability. I work with children, teens, adults, families, and couples, using an approach of trust and mutual respect, believing that every person is doing the best they can and has the ability to grow and learn. Identifying and drawing forth personal skills and strengths as well as an action plan for change is crucial for problem resolution. I address all areas to self-healing, working with body, mind, and Spirit. People are whole beings and all areas truly are connected.
Entering into counseling takes both courage and vulnerability. I work with children, teens, adults, families, and couples, using an approach of trust and mutual respect, believing that every person is doing the best they can and has the ability to grow and learn. Identifying and drawing forth personal skills and strengths as well as an action plan for change is crucial for problem resolution. I address all areas to self-healing, working with body, mind, and Spirit. People are whole beings and all areas truly are connected.
(414) 939-9649 View (414) 939-9649
Photo of Lacey Weber, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lacey Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53090
Imagine a life with more hope and more optimism; one in which you finally notice yourself making progress towards the goals you’ve struggled to accomplish because “it’s not realistic” or “there’s not enough time”. Imagine a life with less worry and more energy. Imagine finding success in achieving your ideal health and wellness goals or maybe improving the quality of your relationships with others.
Imagine a life with more hope and more optimism; one in which you finally notice yourself making progress towards the goals you’ve struggled to accomplish because “it’s not realistic” or “there’s not enough time”. Imagine a life with less worry and more energy. Imagine finding success in achieving your ideal health and wellness goals or maybe improving the quality of your relationships with others.
(262) 404-3206 View (262) 404-3206
Photo of Shannon Westphal, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Westphal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hartford, WI 53027
Do you have difficulties finding joy in your life, not feeling good enough, or feeling disconnected from those around you? Do the experiences from your past seem to somehow repeat themselves or continue to impact the life you wish to live now? If any of these statements connect with you, I am so glad you are taking this first step to find a therapist. It can take such courage to reach out and try to find someone you can trust to help.
Do you have difficulties finding joy in your life, not feeling good enough, or feeling disconnected from those around you? Do the experiences from your past seem to somehow repeat themselves or continue to impact the life you wish to live now? If any of these statements connect with you, I am so glad you are taking this first step to find a therapist. It can take such courage to reach out and try to find someone you can trust to help.
(920) 689-5721 View (920) 689-5721
Photo of Lee Schwarten, MSCP, LPC-IT
Lee Schwarten
MSCP, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53095
I believe that a strong/positive therapeutic relationship is essential to achieving the goals and outcomes desired. I also believe that honesty and trust are key pieces to developing that relationship. I strive to provide an environment that is safe, secure, and non-judgmental yet challenging you so you can grow to see past the problems you are facing
I believe that a strong/positive therapeutic relationship is essential to achieving the goals and outcomes desired. I also believe that honesty and trust are key pieces to developing that relationship. I strive to provide an environment that is safe, secure, and non-judgmental yet challenging you so you can grow to see past the problems you are facing
(262) 592-5701 View (262) 592-5701
Photo of Stephen Hart, MS, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephen Hart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
West Bend, WI 53095  (Online Only)
Dr. Hart’s treatment approach is interactive. He focuses on underlying, causative factors in a person’s or couple’s problems, and on their positive strengths. His theoretical orientation includes both contemporary psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral therapy, incorporating solution-focused approaches as needed. Additionally, Dr. Hart emphasizes the fields of positive psychology and wellness.
Dr. Hart’s treatment approach is interactive. He focuses on underlying, causative factors in a person’s or couple’s problems, and on their positive strengths. His theoretical orientation includes both contemporary psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral therapy, incorporating solution-focused approaches as needed. Additionally, Dr. Hart emphasizes the fields of positive psychology and wellness.
(414) 404-6201 View (414) 404-6201
Photo of Jennifer Laubenstein, MSEd, LPC-IT, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Laubenstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC-IT, CSAC
Verified Verified
West Bend, WI 53095
I help individuals embrace life problems by looking at them from a fresh perspective and empower them to make choices that will help them achieve what they want out of life. I have been helping individuals overcome addiction, personal obstacles and life challenges since 2011 by using evidence-based interventions and empowering individuals to improve their lives and relationships. Whether you are challenged with anxiety...depression...or you just feel unfulfilled...I will meet you where you are at and help you find your life purpose and enjoy a sense of fulfillment and contentment.
I help individuals embrace life problems by looking at them from a fresh perspective and empower them to make choices that will help them achieve what they want out of life. I have been helping individuals overcome addiction, personal obstacles and life challenges since 2011 by using evidence-based interventions and empowering individuals to improve their lives and relationships. Whether you are challenged with anxiety...depression...or you just feel unfulfilled...I will meet you where you are at and help you find your life purpose and enjoy a sense of fulfillment and contentment.
(262) 500-4948 View (262) 500-4948
Photo of Masarat Mushtaq Allaqaband, Pre-Licensed Professional
Masarat Mushtaq Allaqaband
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hartford, WI 53027
I am a dedicated and compassionate counselor helping individuals navigate their life stressors, life transitions, anxiety, and feelings of being overwhelmed with stress. Life can present us with numerous challenges; sometimes, it becomes difficult to handle them alone. Whether you're experiencing relationship issues, schooling challenges, career dilemmas, or personal hardships, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly express your concerns. Together, we will explore the root causes of your distress, develop effective coping strategies, and foster resilience for long-lasting change.
I am a dedicated and compassionate counselor helping individuals navigate their life stressors, life transitions, anxiety, and feelings of being overwhelmed with stress. Life can present us with numerous challenges; sometimes, it becomes difficult to handle them alone. Whether you're experiencing relationship issues, schooling challenges, career dilemmas, or personal hardships, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly express your concerns. Together, we will explore the root causes of your distress, develop effective coping strategies, and foster resilience for long-lasting change.
(262) 600-3919 View (262) 600-3919
Photo of Caitlin Michalski, MA, LPC, CCTSF, BSP, RYT®200, Licensed Professional Counselor
Caitlin Michalski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTSF, BSP, RYT®200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53095
Life can be an absolute shit show sometimes. Often, there are no reasons for the things we experience. Sometimes life leaves us feeling like it's all too much. I can help walk with you through the thick of it and get to the other side. My therapeutic style is grounded in being empathetic, compassionate, and nonjudgemental. I work with clients collaboratively, creating a plan together based on your individual goals and concerns.
Life can be an absolute shit show sometimes. Often, there are no reasons for the things we experience. Sometimes life leaves us feeling like it's all too much. I can help walk with you through the thick of it and get to the other side. My therapeutic style is grounded in being empathetic, compassionate, and nonjudgemental. I work with clients collaboratively, creating a plan together based on your individual goals and concerns.
(262) 683-4845 View (262) 683-4845
Photo of Dr. Gary R Probst, PsyD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Gary R Probst
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Richfield, WI 53076
Is anxiety an issue? I focus on helping anxious and overthinking people, from the Neurodivergent to those with genetic and generalized anxiety. I also work with depression, mood disorders, and trauma. I teach university courses online, including classes on Psychopharmacology, so I can be an excellent resource for your psychiatrist or general practice doctor in helping you with medications. I also have extensive experience with personality disorders. I am licensed in Wisconsin, Iowa, and Arizona. I also help with life coaching, career coaching, and business coaching. I am known for being compassionate, kind, and an advocate.
Is anxiety an issue? I focus on helping anxious and overthinking people, from the Neurodivergent to those with genetic and generalized anxiety. I also work with depression, mood disorders, and trauma. I teach university courses online, including classes on Psychopharmacology, so I can be an excellent resource for your psychiatrist or general practice doctor in helping you with medications. I also have extensive experience with personality disorders. I am licensed in Wisconsin, Iowa, and Arizona. I also help with life coaching, career coaching, and business coaching. I am known for being compassionate, kind, and an advocate.
(262) 239-7511 View (262) 239-7511
Photo of Emily Orser, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Orser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
West Bend, WI 53090  (Online Only)
I strive to provide a place of safety and security for those seeking emotional and mental wellness by building meaningful relationships with my clients. I enjoy working with trauma survivors while they find a new way of living with their past. I look at a person from a system perspective. What system (family or otherwise) did you grow up with? What does that look like now? What changes can you make in your system to create healthier boundaries and more meaningful relationships? Important note: Please text or email me to attempt to schedule. To be very honest, I forget I even I have a voicemail sometimes.
I strive to provide a place of safety and security for those seeking emotional and mental wellness by building meaningful relationships with my clients. I enjoy working with trauma survivors while they find a new way of living with their past. I look at a person from a system perspective. What system (family or otherwise) did you grow up with? What does that look like now? What changes can you make in your system to create healthier boundaries and more meaningful relationships? Important note: Please text or email me to attempt to schedule. To be very honest, I forget I even I have a voicemail sometimes.
(262) 205-6795 View (262) 205-6795
Photo of Bradley Sachse, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bradley Sachse
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Hubertus, WI 53033
Bradley Sachse is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2017. Bradley helps clients manage their ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and PTSD/Trauma. Outside of work, Bradley enjoys cooking.
Bradley Sachse is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2017. Bradley helps clients manage their ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and PTSD/Trauma. Outside of work, Bradley enjoys cooking.
(262) 588-4195 View (262) 588-4195
Photo of Mary G Saggau, MSW, LCSW, CETIII, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary G Saggau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CETIII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53095  (Online Only)
Are you overwhelmed with life, depressed, feeling "not good enough" or facing a difficult life transition? I will help you understand the thoughts and feelings that keep you stuck in unhealthy, non-productive patterns. Together we will focus on working through challenging emotions, in order for you to let go and move forward with life. I will support your process in a nurturing, non-judgmental manner.
Are you overwhelmed with life, depressed, feeling "not good enough" or facing a difficult life transition? I will help you understand the thoughts and feelings that keep you stuck in unhealthy, non-productive patterns. Together we will focus on working through challenging emotions, in order for you to let go and move forward with life. I will support your process in a nurturing, non-judgmental manner.
(262) 261-1415 View (262) 261-1415
Photo of Susan Ellis, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Bend, WI 53090
Do you feel like your concerns are more than just a checkbox for your provider to 'fix'? Do you find yourself dealing with life stressors, anxiety, or relationship issues? Perhaps you struggle with self-esteem, communication skills, worry, or perfectionism. You might be facing women's reproductive issues like pregnancy, childbirth, perimenopause, or menopause, or dealing with eating disorders and concerns about your relationship with food, weight, & weight loss. If your goal is to find direct and understanding support to navigate these challenges and improve your overall well-being I'm here to help you on that journey.
Do you feel like your concerns are more than just a checkbox for your provider to 'fix'? Do you find yourself dealing with life stressors, anxiety, or relationship issues? Perhaps you struggle with self-esteem, communication skills, worry, or perfectionism. You might be facing women's reproductive issues like pregnancy, childbirth, perimenopause, or menopause, or dealing with eating disorders and concerns about your relationship with food, weight, & weight loss. If your goal is to find direct and understanding support to navigate these challenges and improve your overall well-being I'm here to help you on that journey.
(262) 622-2793 View (262) 622-2793
Photo of Alex Marshall, LPC-IT, SAC-IT, Counselor
Alex Marshall
Counselor, LPC-IT, SAC-IT
Verified Verified
West Bend, WI 53090
Alex is a kind and compassionate listener that has a drive for helping people. He has a particular interest in substance abuse issues and has been helping people in recovery for over 6 years. Alex sees teenagers and adults for depression, anxiety, trauma, decision making, and coping skills. He also enjoys helping people work through self-esteem issues and guiding them on their own path towards love and acceptance.
Alex is a kind and compassionate listener that has a drive for helping people. He has a particular interest in substance abuse issues and has been helping people in recovery for over 6 years. Alex sees teenagers and adults for depression, anxiety, trauma, decision making, and coping skills. He also enjoys helping people work through self-esteem issues and guiding them on their own path towards love and acceptance.
(262) 205-6029 View (262) 205-6029
Photo of Amber Brown, MS, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Hartford, WI 53027  (Online Only)
My theoretical framework is deeply rooted in the principles of client-centered therapy, providing clients with a warm, collaborative, and purposeful environment characterized by empathy, understanding, and acceptance. As a therapist, it is my duty to meet client’s where they are at by structuring interventions that are supportive to the needs and experiences of each client. My stance is always strength-based and will build upon what a client is already doing well, in order to cultivate advancement towards therapy goals.
My theoretical framework is deeply rooted in the principles of client-centered therapy, providing clients with a warm, collaborative, and purposeful environment characterized by empathy, understanding, and acceptance. As a therapist, it is my duty to meet client’s where they are at by structuring interventions that are supportive to the needs and experiences of each client. My stance is always strength-based and will build upon what a client is already doing well, in order to cultivate advancement towards therapy goals.
(920) 709-9224 View (920) 709-9224

See more therapy options for Slinger

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Slinger, WI

< 10

Therapists in Slinger, WI who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
50% Addiction
50% ADHD
50% Life Coaching

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Slinger, WI see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Slinger?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.