Photo of Elaine Willey, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Elaine Willey
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
For over 20 years, I've worked with individuals and couples struggling with relationship problems, challenging life transitions like mid-life crises, job stress, grief and loss, and living authentically. I also specialize in depression, anxiety, stress and chronic health issues. You're not alone in your struggle once we begin to work together. I listen deeply to really understand you as we work to transform your issues. I offer sessions in my Edmonds office, by phone, or by video conference.
For over 20 years, I've worked with individuals and couples struggling with relationship problems, challenging life transitions like mid-life crises, job stress, grief and loss, and living authentically. I also specialize in depression, anxiety, stress and chronic health issues. You're not alone in your struggle once we begin to work together. I listen deeply to really understand you as we work to transform your issues. I offer sessions in my Edmonds office, by phone, or by video conference.
(206) 455-7166 View (206) 455-7166
Photo of Grace J. Erickson - A Life More Beautiful Counseling & Psychotherapy , MA, LMHC, CSAT, Counselor
A Life More Beautiful Counseling & Psychotherapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Research shows that clients have therapeutic success with multiple approaches and theories. My approach integrates different therapeutic styles and techniques. I specialize in Sexual Addiction, EMDR, and spiritual and person-centered therapies. I will help you understand yourself better so you may have more fulfilling relationships, communicate better, build true intimacy and restore trust. I will provide a safe and sacred place for you in which to explore your needs, frustrations, fears and as importantly your joys and successes! I am now located overseas and am currently available by telehealth and by email, but not by phone.
Research shows that clients have therapeutic success with multiple approaches and theories. My approach integrates different therapeutic styles and techniques. I specialize in Sexual Addiction, EMDR, and spiritual and person-centered therapies. I will help you understand yourself better so you may have more fulfilling relationships, communicate better, build true intimacy and restore trust. I will provide a safe and sacred place for you in which to explore your needs, frustrations, fears and as importantly your joys and successes! I am now located overseas and am currently available by telehealth and by email, but not by phone.
View
Photo of Ivko Pejovic, LMHC, Counselor
Ivko Pejovic
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026
I have over 20 years of experience working as a mental health counselor in the State of Washington. My areas of expertise include individual, couple, and family therapy. My specialties are PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and substance abuse. Also, I have been facilitating different groups for 20 years and a DBT group for 9 years. All of the clients who have committed themself to this DBT class have learned some specific DBT skills that they can apply in their daily lives when they feel depressed or anxious.
I have over 20 years of experience working as a mental health counselor in the State of Washington. My areas of expertise include individual, couple, and family therapy. My specialties are PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and substance abuse. Also, I have been facilitating different groups for 20 years and a DBT group for 9 years. All of the clients who have committed themself to this DBT class have learned some specific DBT skills that they can apply in their daily lives when they feel depressed or anxious.
(206) 207-8707 View (206) 207-8707
Photo of John White, LICSW, CMHS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHS
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026
Now accepting clients via teletherapy. Teletherapy is secure and easy to use: you simply need access to strong WiFi or cellular, privacy, and a smartphone/tablet/laptop. As a therapist with more than 13 years’ experience in the Seattle area, I provide strengths-based, solution-focused mental health therapy to clients from diverse backgrounds. I specialize in working with young adults, adolescents, and their families. I also frequently work with men and women to address addiction, work performance, relationship challenges, and other life stressors.
Now accepting clients via teletherapy. Teletherapy is secure and easy to use: you simply need access to strong WiFi or cellular, privacy, and a smartphone/tablet/laptop. As a therapist with more than 13 years’ experience in the Seattle area, I provide strengths-based, solution-focused mental health therapy to clients from diverse backgrounds. I specialize in working with young adults, adolescents, and their families. I also frequently work with men and women to address addiction, work performance, relationship challenges, and other life stressors.
(360) 810-5480 View (360) 810-5480

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Matthew Peters, LMHCA
Matthew Peters
Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Everett, WA 98208  (Online Only)
I offer multiple techniques, including strategies from ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and mindfulness approaches.
Do you wake up worrying? You might wonder if you’re making the right decisions or feel the need to prepare for everything that might go wrong. A bit of anxiety is normal, but it shouldn’t take over everything. You deserve to have a fun, peaceful, and meaningful life. I specialize in helping people who are experiencing ongoing and frequent anxiety. Perhaps you’re struggling in a relationship, ruminating over a career change, or asking the big questions about life and purpose. I know it can feel overwhelming to deal with such major issues, and I’m here to help.
I offer multiple techniques, including strategies from ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and mindfulness approaches.
Do you wake up worrying? You might wonder if you’re making the right decisions or feel the need to prepare for everything that might go wrong. A bit of anxiety is normal, but it shouldn’t take over everything. You deserve to have a fun, peaceful, and meaningful life. I specialize in helping people who are experiencing ongoing and frequent anxiety. Perhaps you’re struggling in a relationship, ruminating over a career change, or asking the big questions about life and purpose. I know it can feel overwhelming to deal with such major issues, and I’m here to help.
(509) 381-2729 View (509) 381-2729
Photo of Sandy Tian, MSW, LSWAA, SUDPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandy Tian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAA, SUDPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98036
Using a blend of effective therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness, and art therapy, I tailor our sessions to your unique needs.
It takes courage to prioritize your emotional well-being, and I'm honored to be part of your journey. As a therapist, my heartfelt mission is to help you feel better and find the peace and happiness you deserve. Together, we'll swiftly address the blocks that hinder your deep self-exploration and understanding. By delving into the root causes of your struggles, we can untangle old patterns and guide you towards a life of renewed purpose and fulfillment. With a focus on trauma processing and a gentle approach rooted in Internal Family Systems (IFS), I'm committed to supporting you in discovering profound healing and lasting change.
Using a blend of effective therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness, and art therapy, I tailor our sessions to your unique needs.
It takes courage to prioritize your emotional well-being, and I'm honored to be part of your journey. As a therapist, my heartfelt mission is to help you feel better and find the peace and happiness you deserve. Together, we'll swiftly address the blocks that hinder your deep self-exploration and understanding. By delving into the root causes of your struggles, we can untangle old patterns and guide you towards a life of renewed purpose and fulfillment. With a focus on trauma processing and a gentle approach rooted in Internal Family Systems (IFS), I'm committed to supporting you in discovering profound healing and lasting change.
(425) 310-4759 View (425) 310-4759
Photo of Cat E. Southard - Traverse Therapy Services, LICSW, SUDP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Traverse Therapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SUDP
Verified Verified
Mill Creek, WA 98082
I use an evidence-base to draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness strategies.
We are accepting new clients. I specialize in helping individuals and families reach and stay in recovery from anxiety and other mood disorders, substance misuse, trauma, relationship conflicts and issues surrounding grief and loss.
I use an evidence-base to draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness strategies.
We are accepting new clients. I specialize in helping individuals and families reach and stay in recovery from anxiety and other mood disorders, substance misuse, trauma, relationship conflicts and issues surrounding grief and loss.
(206) 741-0742 View (206) 741-0742
Photo of Sanaz Amini, LMHC, Counselor
Sanaz Amini
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kenmore, WA 98028
Drawing from theoretical orientations such as cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, exposure and response prevention, mindfulness, and applied behavior analysis, we'll work together to develop effective strategies tailored to your unique needs.
Armed with a decade of experience and a passion for helping others, I work with children, teens, and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational challenges, and problematic social media use. My education in counseling psychology and speech-language pathology equips me with a holistic approach and unique perspective on communication challenges.
Drawing from theoretical orientations such as cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, exposure and response prevention, mindfulness, and applied behavior analysis, we'll work together to develop effective strategies tailored to your unique needs.
Armed with a decade of experience and a passion for helping others, I work with children, teens, and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational challenges, and problematic social media use. My education in counseling psychology and speech-language pathology equips me with a holistic approach and unique perspective on communication challenges.
(425) 386-7765 View (425) 386-7765
Photo of Jessamyn Dean, LMHC, MAC, SUDP, SD, Counselor
Jessamyn Dean
Counselor, LMHC, MAC, SUDP, SD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98103
Waitlist for new clients
I offer a supportive, respectful approach to counseling that is rooted in the practice of mindfulness.
Spirituality is the foundation of the form of synthesized addiction and mental health counseling I offer. My clients engage in the powerful experience of looking within to reconnect with their own Self, which powerfully transforms relationships with others, and most importantly, the relationship with oneself. Throughout this individualized process, clients are better able to release self-destructive thought and behavior patterns, which greatly enhances the quality of life. I have counseled many in and out of addiction recovery and am well versed in spiritual recovery methods and trauma-informed healing modalities.
I offer a supportive, respectful approach to counseling that is rooted in the practice of mindfulness.
Spirituality is the foundation of the form of synthesized addiction and mental health counseling I offer. My clients engage in the powerful experience of looking within to reconnect with their own Self, which powerfully transforms relationships with others, and most importantly, the relationship with oneself. Throughout this individualized process, clients are better able to release self-destructive thought and behavior patterns, which greatly enhances the quality of life. I have counseled many in and out of addiction recovery and am well versed in spiritual recovery methods and trauma-informed healing modalities.
(206) 965-8033 View (206) 965-8033
Photo of Dr. Teona Amble, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Dr. Teona Amble
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98103  (Online Only)
My work with clients involves mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral interventions to address management of symptoms and build coping tools.
I am passionate about helping people to promote well-being and to manage emotional distress and psychiatric symptoms. I enjoy using psychological theories and mind-body interventions to help children, adolescents, and adults from diverse backgrounds to improve their physical and mental health. I have helped people to reach their physical health goals, heal from trauma, make career and life transitions, grow in marriages and relationships, and build mood and anxiety management tools. My sessions focus on sharing information and skills to address your unique needs and life circumstances. We will develop a treatment plan together.
My work with clients involves mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral interventions to address management of symptoms and build coping tools.
I am passionate about helping people to promote well-being and to manage emotional distress and psychiatric symptoms. I enjoy using psychological theories and mind-body interventions to help children, adolescents, and adults from diverse backgrounds to improve their physical and mental health. I have helped people to reach their physical health goals, heal from trauma, make career and life transitions, grow in marriages and relationships, and build mood and anxiety management tools. My sessions focus on sharing information and skills to address your unique needs and life circumstances. We will develop a treatment plan together.
(360) 226-6994 View (360) 226-6994
Photo of Rylan Shook - Ascent Counseling, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ascent Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98115
Accepting new clients now, in OR and WA! I’m Rylan, I’m a licensed therapist (LMFT) who works with children, teens, and adults from a client-centered approach focused on mindfulness and self-compassion. Therapy is a collaborative process, so we’re going to build your ideal outcomes together. I specialize in working with both children and adults with ADHD, depression, social anxiety, isolation, motivation and school/work problems, as well as family and relationship stress, and divorce/separation issues. I often work with creative and artistic folks, and professionals of all types.
Accepting new clients now, in OR and WA! I’m Rylan, I’m a licensed therapist (LMFT) who works with children, teens, and adults from a client-centered approach focused on mindfulness and self-compassion. Therapy is a collaborative process, so we’re going to build your ideal outcomes together. I specialize in working with both children and adults with ADHD, depression, social anxiety, isolation, motivation and school/work problems, as well as family and relationship stress, and divorce/separation issues. I often work with creative and artistic folks, and professionals of all types.
(971) 273-1228 View (971) 273-1228
Photo of Bailey Rahn, MA, LMHCA, SUDPT
Bailey Rahn
Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LMHCA, SUDPT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107
Thinking of cutting back on substance use after seeing its impact on your relationships and health? And yet, does it feel like the only way to disconnect from stress and reconnect with others is with the help of alcohol or drugs? If you’re struggling to build healthier relationships to substances and others, it might be just the time for support. I avidly believe that everyone has the natural ability to heal, especially when provided with a nonjudgmental space to process life’s challenges. Guided by your own self-selected goals, therapy is intended to blaze a path forward using the strengths and values already within you.
Thinking of cutting back on substance use after seeing its impact on your relationships and health? And yet, does it feel like the only way to disconnect from stress and reconnect with others is with the help of alcohol or drugs? If you’re struggling to build healthier relationships to substances and others, it might be just the time for support. I avidly believe that everyone has the natural ability to heal, especially when provided with a nonjudgmental space to process life’s challenges. Guided by your own self-selected goals, therapy is intended to blaze a path forward using the strengths and values already within you.
(360) 845-1221 View (360) 845-1221
Photo of Brian Lundquist, MA, LMHC, SUDP, Counselor
Brian Lundquist
Counselor, MA, LMHC, SUDP
Verified Verified
Lynnwood, WA 98037
If you have anxiety for the future, depression from your past, feeling alienated and other intrusive thoughts I can help you better understand their origin. What drives me is helping you discover the sources for your emotional conundrums and entanglements. These life riddles can be tamed so that they do not continue to rule your days. Isolation with these matters only serves to create more distance between you and managing your life. What I do is give you the tools to cut through the twisted patterns of your life and create the new path.
If you have anxiety for the future, depression from your past, feeling alienated and other intrusive thoughts I can help you better understand their origin. What drives me is helping you discover the sources for your emotional conundrums and entanglements. These life riddles can be tamed so that they do not continue to rule your days. Isolation with these matters only serves to create more distance between you and managing your life. What I do is give you the tools to cut through the twisted patterns of your life and create the new path.
(425) 305-4675 View (425) 305-4675
Photo of David G. Woldtvedt - Traverse Therapy Services, LICSW, SUDP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Traverse Therapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SUDP
Verified Verified
Everett, WA 98204
We are accepting new clients. My name is David Woldtvedt. Much of my clinical experience has involved working with adults, teens, and their families impacted by addiction, co-occurring mental health issues, anxiety, mood disorders, and adverse childhood experiences. As a practitioner I aim to build a relationship with each of my clients that involves the foundational elements of trust and meeting individuals where they are at. I utilize therapeutic skills in sessions that are solution-focused and healing-centered.
We are accepting new clients. My name is David Woldtvedt. Much of my clinical experience has involved working with adults, teens, and their families impacted by addiction, co-occurring mental health issues, anxiety, mood disorders, and adverse childhood experiences. As a practitioner I aim to build a relationship with each of my clients that involves the foundational elements of trust and meeting individuals where they are at. I utilize therapeutic skills in sessions that are solution-focused and healing-centered.
(425) 569-0634 View (425) 569-0634
Photo of Paul Clark LaFond, MS, MEd, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul Clark LaFond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MEd, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98036
I am passionately committed to helping you with issues of loss, sadness, anger, anxiety, depression, addiction, PTSD, trauma, and relationship problems. I am comfortable working with preteens, teens, young and older adults, couples, and families. I offer you a warm, safe nonjudgmental space in which you and I can work together to discover tools which will enable you to build more authentic joyful connections and intimacy with yourself and within your interpersonal relationships. I draw from a wide variety of theories, techniques, and approaches that will enable you to move deliberately and comfortably towards your goals.
I am passionately committed to helping you with issues of loss, sadness, anger, anxiety, depression, addiction, PTSD, trauma, and relationship problems. I am comfortable working with preteens, teens, young and older adults, couples, and families. I offer you a warm, safe nonjudgmental space in which you and I can work together to discover tools which will enable you to build more authentic joyful connections and intimacy with yourself and within your interpersonal relationships. I draw from a wide variety of theories, techniques, and approaches that will enable you to move deliberately and comfortably towards your goals.
(360) 207-2554 View (360) 207-2554
Photo of Leslie Orr, MA, LMHC, SUDPT, Counselor
Leslie Orr
Counselor, MA, LMHC, SUDPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98155  (Online Only)
Many of us struggle with stress, depression, anxiety, self-criticism, anger, or just feel a sense of emptiness at some point in our lives. Therapy can be the beginning of healing, healthy coping, and filling that void with new meaning. We all deserve to have someone in our corner and a safe space to explore and express ourselves without judgment. Maybe you have found that some of your coping skills aren’t working anymore. We can work to together to find creative solutions.
Many of us struggle with stress, depression, anxiety, self-criticism, anger, or just feel a sense of emptiness at some point in our lives. Therapy can be the beginning of healing, healthy coping, and filling that void with new meaning. We all deserve to have someone in our corner and a safe space to explore and express ourselves without judgment. Maybe you have found that some of your coping skills aren’t working anymore. We can work to together to find creative solutions.
(425) 385-0419 View (425) 385-0419
Photo of Rachel Kathleen Ramondetta, MA, LMFTA, MHP, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rachel Kathleen Ramondetta
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA, MHP
Verified Verified
Lake Forest Park, WA 98155  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about supporting individuals, couples, and families as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. My practice focuses on helping clients develop effective coping strategies to overcome challenges related to anxiety, depression, relationships, and family dynamics. As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, my primary areas of focus include: distress related to attachment, identity, and adjustment issues, as well as communication difficulties, relationship concerns, healing from traumatic experiences, and family dynamics.
I am passionate about supporting individuals, couples, and families as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. My practice focuses on helping clients develop effective coping strategies to overcome challenges related to anxiety, depression, relationships, and family dynamics. As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, my primary areas of focus include: distress related to attachment, identity, and adjustment issues, as well as communication difficulties, relationship concerns, healing from traumatic experiences, and family dynamics.
(206) 207-6622 View (206) 207-6622
Photo of Mary Deggelman, MA, LMFT, PPS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary Deggelman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98021
I am licensed in both the states of CA. and WA. My goal is to facilitate the process of innate healing and self-discovery for individuals and families seeking to improve their overall quality of life. I am a firm believer that obstacles may be turned into opportunities. Through both curious questioning and active listening, together we may illuminate your strengths and opportunity areas of growth. My objective is that after our first session, you will feel that we have a pathway for a desired solution. I have worked with ages ranging from 5 to 85 years young. I treat each individual, couple, or family with respect and warmth.
I am licensed in both the states of CA. and WA. My goal is to facilitate the process of innate healing and self-discovery for individuals and families seeking to improve their overall quality of life. I am a firm believer that obstacles may be turned into opportunities. Through both curious questioning and active listening, together we may illuminate your strengths and opportunity areas of growth. My objective is that after our first session, you will feel that we have a pathway for a desired solution. I have worked with ages ranging from 5 to 85 years young. I treat each individual, couple, or family with respect and warmth.
(510) 662-0838 View (510) 662-0838
Photo of Lisa Hade, MA, LMHC, NCGC-I, SUDP, Counselor
Lisa Hade
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCGC-I, SUDP
Verified Verified
Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043  (Online Only)
I am dually licensed in mental health and addiction issues. This dual licensing provides me with the skills and experience to work with individuals struggling with addiction related issues and mental health issues such as recovery from depression and anxiety. Although I have a license in chemical dependency, a great deal of my client's have come to me seeking support in areas that are not addiction related. My areas of specialty include co-occurring issues, relational issues, female specific issues, ACOA issues, codependency, and depression & anxiety issues, life transitional issues, self-esteem work, and grief and loss issues.
I am dually licensed in mental health and addiction issues. This dual licensing provides me with the skills and experience to work with individuals struggling with addiction related issues and mental health issues such as recovery from depression and anxiety. Although I have a license in chemical dependency, a great deal of my client's have come to me seeking support in areas that are not addiction related. My areas of specialty include co-occurring issues, relational issues, female specific issues, ACOA issues, codependency, and depression & anxiety issues, life transitional issues, self-esteem work, and grief and loss issues.
(425) 441-3140 View (425) 441-3140
Photo of Elizabeth D Kilmer, PhD, Psychologist
Elizabeth D Kilmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
I am personally and professionally familiar with geek and gaming culture, and believe these experiences and identities have a place in a successful therapeutic relationship. Further, I have experience working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, and all members of the LGBTQ+ community are welcome clients. I believe in the power of community that is built on shared values and experiences. If you identify as a member of the LGBTQ+ and/or gaming communities and would like to explore these identities as part of your therapy experience, or you would simply prefer a therapist within these communities, we may be a good fit.
I am personally and professionally familiar with geek and gaming culture, and believe these experiences and identities have a place in a successful therapeutic relationship. Further, I have experience working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, and all members of the LGBTQ+ community are welcome clients. I believe in the power of community that is built on shared values and experiences. If you identify as a member of the LGBTQ+ and/or gaming communities and would like to explore these identities as part of your therapy experience, or you would simply prefer a therapist within these communities, we may be a good fit.
(425) 242-7955 View (425) 242-7955
Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists

How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy originated in the work of John Kabat-Zinn of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. He developed mindfulness-based stress reduction, which is a technique found in yoga and meditation. MBCT is a combination of this type of stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy; it essentially quiets emotional distress through mindfulness, utilizing proper breathing and meditation. These techniques aim to bring the individual into the present moment when in a state of distress.

When do I know if I need treatment with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

If an individual’s mind is filled with emotional distress and general negativity, the person may feel trapped. A mindfulness-based cognitive therapist can help a person change their thinking patterns as well as their behavior through calm acceptance and compassion. This therapy can provide an individual with the coping skills needed for a healthier and more constructive life.

What should I expect from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

This therapy often takes place in group sessions. A therapist will work with the group as well as with each individual. Meditation and breathing exercises are core practices that aim to invite inquiry and discovery into a person’s troubled mental state. The objective is to identify and lessen negative thoughts and behaviors and move toward optimal health and productivity. The individual will see life in a more realistic way. This therapy is supportive, accepting, and warm.

Is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effective?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is evidence-based and effective. One study found that people with major depressive disorder have benefitted from this type of therapy; the person accepts their distressed thoughts and also moves into healthier patterns of thinking. This therapy also aims to move an individual away from automatic negative responses. This type of therapy can bring a person lifelong change, with higher levels of satisfaction, less stress, as well as positive emotional and behavioral habits.