Art Therapy in Edmonds, WA
![Photo of Elizabeth A Bellmer, MA, LMHC, AT, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d0a647b5-d131-4d23-b0d0-ac9fedeeeae5/1/320x400.jpeg)
Elizabeth is a licensed Mental Health Counselor and Art Therapist. She earned her MA Psychology Degree from Antioch University Seattle. Elizabeth has a great deal of experience in assisting clients who are experiencing depression/anxiety/stress; life transitions and change; medical issues/concerns and follow-up after leaving the doctor's office with a life-changing diagnosis. She has experience with grief & loss; death & dying, along with PTSD symptoms and trauma. Elizabeth brings a great deal of life experience and training to assist those in need.
Elizabeth is a licensed Mental Health Counselor and Art Therapist. She earned her MA Psychology Degree from Antioch University Seattle. Elizabeth has a great deal of experience in assisting clients who are experiencing depression/anxiety/stress; life transitions and change; medical issues/concerns and follow-up after leaving the doctor's office with a life-changing diagnosis. She has experience with grief & loss; death & dying, along with PTSD symptoms and trauma. Elizabeth brings a great deal of life experience and training to assist those in need.
![Photo of Ruth Blaikie, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/08e7a82c-3de9-4d2e-aae5-1530118f9c2e/2/320x400.jpeg)
Therapeutic approaches include: Art Therapy, Tapping, EMDR, Trauma Informed, Neurobiophysics informed (nervous system, Vagal System, mind/body connection), Family Systems, Humanistic, and Collaborative.
Hello. For the past 30 years, I have had the privilege of providing a safe, compassionate, and healing environment for my clients in the Seattle and Edmonds communities. I'm dedicated to helping clients develop a set of tools, gain confidence in emotional regulation, process & heal from the past, improve relationships with self and others, establish self care, feel better, reduce symptoms, and improve their quality of life. It is my honor to work in collaboration with my clients as they work towards their goals and get back into the driver's seat of their life.
Therapeutic approaches include: Art Therapy, Tapping, EMDR, Trauma Informed, Neurobiophysics informed (nervous system, Vagal System, mind/body connection), Family Systems, Humanistic, and Collaborative.
Hello. For the past 30 years, I have had the privilege of providing a safe, compassionate, and healing environment for my clients in the Seattle and Edmonds communities. I'm dedicated to helping clients develop a set of tools, gain confidence in emotional regulation, process & heal from the past, improve relationships with self and others, establish self care, feel better, reduce symptoms, and improve their quality of life. It is my honor to work in collaboration with my clients as they work towards their goals and get back into the driver's seat of their life.
![Photo of Melissa Watson, MA, LMHC, ATR, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e606b31a-60a9-4933-aa4e-ffc724f1d3e6/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am trained in clinical mental health counseling and art therapy.
My approach is warm, supportive, and collaborative. I can help you to feel heard and understood and to connect with your strengths and authenticity. I encourage a foundation of acceptance & self-compassion, providing space for all parts to be discovered and expressed so that healing can occur. I will meet you where you’re at and adjust my approach to support your needs, values, and cultural background. I offer guidance in working with dreams and active imagination for those wanting to explore the depths in this way. I enjoy supporting clients to get unstuck, develop self-love and confidence, to live the life they want to live.
I am trained in clinical mental health counseling and art therapy.
My approach is warm, supportive, and collaborative. I can help you to feel heard and understood and to connect with your strengths and authenticity. I encourage a foundation of acceptance & self-compassion, providing space for all parts to be discovered and expressed so that healing can occur. I will meet you where you’re at and adjust my approach to support your needs, values, and cultural background. I offer guidance in working with dreams and active imagination for those wanting to explore the depths in this way. I enjoy supporting clients to get unstuck, develop self-love and confidence, to live the life they want to live.
![Photo of Bonnie Walchuk - Bonnie Walchuk at Dream Big Wellness, MA, LMFT, ATR-BC, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ccda4a6-6c50-48cd-bca5-290906368849/3/320x400.jpeg)
Bonnie Walchuk at Dream Big Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Waitlist for new clients
We provide professional art therapy, couples therapy, and counseling to individual adults and groups.
At Dream Big Wellness we warmly welcome our clients in taking this step to find support and compassionate care. We are a team of licensed and experienced clinicians in WA state & nationally registered art therapists. We specialize in supporting people impacted by cancer, medical illness, chronic illness/pain, trauma, stress, bereavement, grief & loss, adjustment & transition, anxiety & depression. Dream Big Wellness is an Art Therapy & Integrative Wellness 501(c)3 Nonprofit increasing access to mental health care, art therapy, and wellness services through our Pay it Forward Program. www.dreambigwellness.org/pay-it-forward/
We provide professional art therapy, couples therapy, and counseling to individual adults and groups.
At Dream Big Wellness we warmly welcome our clients in taking this step to find support and compassionate care. We are a team of licensed and experienced clinicians in WA state & nationally registered art therapists. We specialize in supporting people impacted by cancer, medical illness, chronic illness/pain, trauma, stress, bereavement, grief & loss, adjustment & transition, anxiety & depression. Dream Big Wellness is an Art Therapy & Integrative Wellness 501(c)3 Nonprofit increasing access to mental health care, art therapy, and wellness services through our Pay it Forward Program. www.dreambigwellness.org/pay-it-forward/
![Photo of Dr. Misty Gibson - FlowArt Therapy, PhD ACS, LMHC, ATR-BC, CST, ATCS, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/38781871-cc6f-433f-b533-bb8078edfe75/2/320x400.jpeg)
FlowArt Therapy
Counselor, PhD ACS, LMHC, ATR-BC, CST, ATCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020 (Online Only)
Neuroqueer Folx, come check out FlowArt Therapy! We offer EMDR, Art Therapy, and Sex Therapy for folx in the kink community, people in polyamorous and alternative relationships, people who are neurodivergent, and LGBTQ+, women, trans, and nonbinary folks with traumatic backgrounds to promote sex positivity. We have many therapists who offer sliding scale costs as low as $30 per session, and are taking new clients, and are directly supervised by me, Dr. Misty. Please see our website at www.flowartwa.com I am an Aasect Certified Sex Therapist.
Neuroqueer Folx, come check out FlowArt Therapy! We offer EMDR, Art Therapy, and Sex Therapy for folx in the kink community, people in polyamorous and alternative relationships, people who are neurodivergent, and LGBTQ+, women, trans, and nonbinary folks with traumatic backgrounds to promote sex positivity. We have many therapists who offer sliding scale costs as low as $30 per session, and are taking new clients, and are directly supervised by me, Dr. Misty. Please see our website at www.flowartwa.com I am an Aasect Certified Sex Therapist.
![Photo of Kristin McCurdy, MA, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3fa34905-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I draw from an eclectic mix of approaches including, but not limited to: strength-based positive psychology, humor, swearing, narrative therapy, and art therapy.
I have some telehealth availability at this time. If you feel I may be a good fit, call 425-640-7009 and book an intake directly with me. Thank you for stopping by!
I draw from an eclectic mix of approaches including, but not limited to: strength-based positive psychology, humor, swearing, narrative therapy, and art therapy.
I have some telehealth availability at this time. If you feel I may be a good fit, call 425-640-7009 and book an intake directly with me. Thank you for stopping by!
![Photo of Erin Heath, LMHC, LPC, ATR, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4072bc7b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
When appropriate, I may also incorporate art therapy into sessions to help with processing, finding deeper insight, and facilitating meaningful expression.
My therapy practice is centered in helping people discover the strength they already have, but have been struggling to use. Therapy can be useful for anyone, but sometimes finding the strength to seek out help can be the hardest part. I use a non-judgemental, empathetic, and casual approach with my clients to meet them wherever they are in their lives. Together, we establish goals and solutions. I work with those who are struggling with self-expression and effective communication as well as those who are having difficulty with identity exploration within and outside of relationships.
When appropriate, I may also incorporate art therapy into sessions to help with processing, finding deeper insight, and facilitating meaningful expression.
My therapy practice is centered in helping people discover the strength they already have, but have been struggling to use. Therapy can be useful for anyone, but sometimes finding the strength to seek out help can be the hardest part. I use a non-judgemental, empathetic, and casual approach with my clients to meet them wherever they are in their lives. Together, we establish goals and solutions. I work with those who are struggling with self-expression and effective communication as well as those who are having difficulty with identity exploration within and outside of relationships.
![Photo of Jeanine M. O'Connell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ee6cd57-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I work with people of all ages committed to developing self-awareness in order to change or enhance their quality of life. I work with children experiencing anxiety, depression, and home/school challenges. Supporting children usually involves working with parents/guardians and families. I enjoy working with individual adults interested in understanding themselves, their relationships, and their actions. My therapy practice includes play therapy and art therapy, sand-play, active listening, family systems work, and parenting education. I am curious and compassionate in my relationship to clients with varying needs and backgrounds.
I work with people of all ages committed to developing self-awareness in order to change or enhance their quality of life. I work with children experiencing anxiety, depression, and home/school challenges. Supporting children usually involves working with parents/guardians and families. I enjoy working with individual adults interested in understanding themselves, their relationships, and their actions. My therapy practice includes play therapy and art therapy, sand-play, active listening, family systems work, and parenting education. I am curious and compassionate in my relationship to clients with varying needs and backgrounds.
![Photo of Colleen C. Holbrook, LICSW, CMHS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6eb1dc51-d5dd-4861-9327-3d731891808e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Colleen C. Holbrook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or in a battle with your body? Do you have trouble identifying your needs, establishing boundaries or settling limits. Do you put everyone else first? Are you frustrated by the challenges of ADHD? Are you a parent confused by your child's behavior? Are you someone who has experienced abuse and neglect growing up? Have you been able to move past the pain of grief and loss? Are you feeling disrespected and overlooked in your life? My clients are able to open up about their lives, their secrets and struggles in a warm, safe environment free of judgement where there is trust and understanding.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or in a battle with your body? Do you have trouble identifying your needs, establishing boundaries or settling limits. Do you put everyone else first? Are you frustrated by the challenges of ADHD? Are you a parent confused by your child's behavior? Are you someone who has experienced abuse and neglect growing up? Have you been able to move past the pain of grief and loss? Are you feeling disrespected and overlooked in your life? My clients are able to open up about their lives, their secrets and struggles in a warm, safe environment free of judgement where there is trust and understanding.
![Photo of Elli McLean, MA, LMHCA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d9c3b42a-9f23-425d-8782-e85df9180fbd/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, my name is Elli and I am here to help you on your counseling journey. Sometimes our brains can feel overcrowded by thoughts and emotions and we need an outside eye to help in making sense of the chaos. Everyone deserves a space where they can be wholly themselves and process life's stressors, this is the space I strive to provide within session. I have a passion for working with both teens and adults in navigating life's transitions and anxieties.
Hi, my name is Elli and I am here to help you on your counseling journey. Sometimes our brains can feel overcrowded by thoughts and emotions and we need an outside eye to help in making sense of the chaos. Everyone deserves a space where they can be wholly themselves and process life's stressors, this is the space I strive to provide within session. I have a passion for working with both teens and adults in navigating life's transitions and anxieties.
![Photo of Sabrina Rood, EdD](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48018609-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I welcome adult clients who are seeking support and encouragement as they face life's challenges. I am especially skilled and experienced at diagnostic assessment and supportive narrative therapy for adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's. Many adults have wondered if they might be on the autism spectrum and seek a diagnosis later in life. I am passionate about my work. I am happy to welcome those clients who want to explore spirituality within our work together. I am experienced in counseling GLBTQ clients and clients who identify as poly or kink. I enjoy working with bereaved parents and artists, musicians, and writers.
I welcome adult clients who are seeking support and encouragement as they face life's challenges. I am especially skilled and experienced at diagnostic assessment and supportive narrative therapy for adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's. Many adults have wondered if they might be on the autism spectrum and seek a diagnosis later in life. I am passionate about my work. I am happy to welcome those clients who want to explore spirituality within our work together. I am experienced in counseling GLBTQ clients and clients who identify as poly or kink. I enjoy working with bereaved parents and artists, musicians, and writers.
![Photo of Julie Hanson - Bluestone Psychological Services, LLC, PsyD, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/50aade52-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Bluestone Psychological Services, LLC
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026
Find us at: www.BluestonePS.com.
At Bluestone you have access to a group of independent, private practitioners who offer a wide variety of services so you can get the type of help you need in one location.
Each of us has many years of experience and advanced training within our specialty areas so you know you or your loved one are working with someone who is highly skilled and can help facilitate reaching your goals.
Find us at: www.BluestonePS.com.
At Bluestone you have access to a group of independent, private practitioners who offer a wide variety of services so you can get the type of help you need in one location.
Each of us has many years of experience and advanced training within our specialty areas so you know you or your loved one are working with someone who is highly skilled and can help facilitate reaching your goals.
![Photo of Cynthia Piepenbrok, MA, LMHC, CCTP, CTMH, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5046507d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Cynthia Piepenbrok
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP, CTMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Many of us, at one time or another, experience a feeling of being overwhelmed by life. There are even phases when everything seems to be going wrong. Anxiety and depression are common responses to the difficulties of life. If you are on here searching for help you are most likely at a point in your life where things feel out of balance.
Many of us, at one time or another, experience a feeling of being overwhelmed by life. There are even phases when everything seems to be going wrong. Anxiety and depression are common responses to the difficulties of life. If you are on here searching for help you are most likely at a point in your life where things feel out of balance.
![Photo of Sara Kessack - Little Hearts Therapy, MEd, LMHCA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9bec5ce8-763e-45c4-b00f-e726ff611684/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tomorrow's leaders are your children today. Being a part of your child's team of advocates is an honor and I take pride in my role. My goal is to create an environment where kids feel accepted and supported, regardless of their gender expression. I know that fostering self-acceptance in this aspect of their identity is fundamental to their overall mental health and well-being.
Tomorrow's leaders are your children today. Being a part of your child's team of advocates is an honor and I take pride in my role. My goal is to create an environment where kids feel accepted and supported, regardless of their gender expression. I know that fostering self-acceptance in this aspect of their identity is fundamental to their overall mental health and well-being.
![Photo of Heather Thompson - Mar & Sol Mental Health Services, PLLC, LMHCA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6a882cf8-00e1-4b15-828e-ab1bbc7cd6f4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Navigating the search for a therapist can feel overwhelming, but my aim is to offer a welcoming space where you can truly be yourself, free from judgment. I work closely with women and teen girls aged 14+, guiding them through challenges like anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues. Whether you're facing questions of identity, infertility, or self-esteem, I’m here to help you find your path forward.
Navigating the search for a therapist can feel overwhelming, but my aim is to offer a welcoming space where you can truly be yourself, free from judgment. I work closely with women and teen girls aged 14+, guiding them through challenges like anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues. Whether you're facing questions of identity, infertility, or self-esteem, I’m here to help you find your path forward.
![Photo of Erin V Long, MA, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c216ddc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Erin V Long
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Not accepting new clients
Trust is vital. I am here to listen, offer support, instill hope, and give practical and effective tools to address your goals. Forming a trusting relationship with a counselor can offer assurance. With a history of working with people of all ages in community mental health, I became a Child Specialist, and worked with children, teens and families. I have extensive experience addressing trauma, depression and anxiety, I provide tools that can give you greater sense of power and success. I use humor and specific skills to build confidence in parenting, trust in relationships, intimacy between couples, behavioral issues of children.
Trust is vital. I am here to listen, offer support, instill hope, and give practical and effective tools to address your goals. Forming a trusting relationship with a counselor can offer assurance. With a history of working with people of all ages in community mental health, I became a Child Specialist, and worked with children, teens and families. I have extensive experience addressing trauma, depression and anxiety, I provide tools that can give you greater sense of power and success. I use humor and specific skills to build confidence in parenting, trust in relationships, intimacy between couples, behavioral issues of children.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Sandy Tian, MSW, LSWAA, SUDPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e9b22721-d693-4761-8a9b-420caa036692/1/320x400.jpeg)
Sandy Tian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAA, SUDPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98036
Using a blend of effective therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness, and art therapy, I tailor our sessions to your unique needs.
It takes courage to prioritize your emotional well-being, and I'm honored to be part of your journey. As a therapist, my heartfelt mission is to help you feel better and find the peace and happiness you deserve. Together, we'll swiftly address the blocks that hinder your deep self-exploration and understanding. By delving into the root causes of your struggles, we can untangle old patterns and guide you towards a life of renewed purpose and fulfillment. With a focus on trauma processing and a gentle approach rooted in Internal Family Systems (IFS), I'm committed to supporting you in discovering profound healing and lasting change.
Using a blend of effective therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness, and art therapy, I tailor our sessions to your unique needs.
It takes courage to prioritize your emotional well-being, and I'm honored to be part of your journey. As a therapist, my heartfelt mission is to help you feel better and find the peace and happiness you deserve. Together, we'll swiftly address the blocks that hinder your deep self-exploration and understanding. By delving into the root causes of your struggles, we can untangle old patterns and guide you towards a life of renewed purpose and fulfillment. With a focus on trauma processing and a gentle approach rooted in Internal Family Systems (IFS), I'm committed to supporting you in discovering profound healing and lasting change.
![Photo of Daae Shim, LMHC, ATR-BC, NCC, Art Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0ba655db-f61d-4a29-b05e-6f9fbbaca9b2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Daae Shim
Art Therapist, LMHC, ATR-BC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98036 (Online Only)
My specialties include art therapy and trauma informed counseling.
Hi and Welcome! Therapy can be a challenging process and I thank you for your courage in stopping by. I find value in collaborating with individuals to reach their self actualization and I believe in person-centered therapy and strength-based therapy to help individuals work towards their mental health stability and well-being.
My specialties include art therapy and trauma informed counseling.
Hi and Welcome! Therapy can be a challenging process and I thank you for your courage in stopping by. I find value in collaborating with individuals to reach their self actualization and I believe in person-centered therapy and strength-based therapy to help individuals work towards their mental health stability and well-being.
![Photo of Andrea Jensen, MA, LMHCA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9c23a06c-889a-40cf-93e9-de5f82d8d96b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Andrea Jensen
Mental Health Counselor Associate , MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 (Online Only)
My goal is to help rehabilitate and uplift 1,000 people through therapeutic treatment, online psychoeducation, and my workbooks. Yogananda said it best, “A person who has reformed themselves will reform thousands.” Currently, I am working in private practice treating kids as young as 8 to adult clients for trauma, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal issues. I use many modalities in treatment including CBT, DBT, attachment theory, interpersonal outcomes method, boundaries, mindfulness, meditation, art therapy, and lifespan integration.
My goal is to help rehabilitate and uplift 1,000 people through therapeutic treatment, online psychoeducation, and my workbooks. Yogananda said it best, “A person who has reformed themselves will reform thousands.” Currently, I am working in private practice treating kids as young as 8 to adult clients for trauma, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal issues. I use many modalities in treatment including CBT, DBT, attachment theory, interpersonal outcomes method, boundaries, mindfulness, meditation, art therapy, and lifespan integration.
![Photo of Rachel Kathleen Ramondetta, MA, LMFTA, MHP, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/71ac8edb-3aee-4bc3-a8fc-a6557248b6b7/2/320x400.jpeg)
Rachel Kathleen Ramondetta
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA, MHP
Verified Verified
Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about supporting individuals, couples, and families as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. My practice focuses on helping clients develop effective coping strategies to overcome challenges related to anxiety, depression, relationships, and family dynamics. As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, my primary areas of focus include: distress related to attachment, identity, and adjustment issues, as well as communication difficulties, relationship concerns, healing from traumatic experiences, and family dynamics.
I am passionate about supporting individuals, couples, and families as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. My practice focuses on helping clients develop effective coping strategies to overcome challenges related to anxiety, depression, relationships, and family dynamics. As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, my primary areas of focus include: distress related to attachment, identity, and adjustment issues, as well as communication difficulties, relationship concerns, healing from traumatic experiences, and family dynamics.
See more therapy options for Edmonds
Nearby Art Therapy Searches for Edmonds
- Bainbridge Island
- Bothell
- Everett
- Kenmore
- Kirkland
- Lake Forest Park
- Mill Creek
- Mountlake Terrace
- Poulsbo
- Shoreline
- Snohomish
- Woodinville
Art Therapy
How does art therapy work?
The process of making art allows people to express themselves. Art-making can take many forms, such as painting, collage, or sculpting. The therapist asks questions that the work elicits, such as how the person felt while creating their piece, or if any memories surfaced that they can discuss. The therapist will then work with the patient to process their experience, understand themselves better, and work toward change.
Does art therapy help with trauma?
Art therapy can be a valuable treatment option for those suffering from trauma. Traumatic experiences such as combat, rape, or childhood abuse can be so painful that articulating them can be too scary or painful; creating art allows people to express themselves without words, and tell their story in a different way. The physical nature of creating art can also help people feel rooted in the body, which may benefit those who feel disconnected from their body in the aftermath of trauma.
How long does art therapy last?
The duration of art therapy varies, but a common length for treatment is 10 to 15 weekly sessions. Some people may see improvement in just a few weeks, while others may choose to remain in therapy longer term. Patients should periodically discuss their goals with their therapist to make sure the two are aligned on process and progress.
What are the limitations of art therapy?
Art therapy is helpful for many people, but a limitation is that it doesn’t have as robust an evidence base as other forms of therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy. The evidence on art therapy is mixed; some research demonstrates its benefits, while other research suggests that it has little impact on patients.