Male Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

Photo of William H Bates, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
William H Bates
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Pal for medication evaluation and management.
Burnout: It has been said “it’s lonely at the top”. You have reached the top in your career, but your personal life is in shambles or you’re experiencing “burnout”. The Therapist problem solves and suggests interventions for their clients but, who can the Therapist talk to? You’re a Veteran struggling to come back to the “Real World”, and every day and night are a battle with PTSD symptoms. You may be a parent that is at the “end of your rope” with a child with Autism, ADHD, or significant depression and is exhibiting negative behaviors in the home and at school. You may need help in processing loss, divorce, and retirement.
Pal for medication evaluation and management.
Burnout: It has been said “it’s lonely at the top”. You have reached the top in your career, but your personal life is in shambles or you’re experiencing “burnout”. The Therapist problem solves and suggests interventions for their clients but, who can the Therapist talk to? You’re a Veteran struggling to come back to the “Real World”, and every day and night are a battle with PTSD symptoms. You may be a parent that is at the “end of your rope” with a child with Autism, ADHD, or significant depression and is exhibiting negative behaviors in the home and at school. You may need help in processing loss, divorce, and retirement.
(757) 693-6900 View (757) 693-6900
Photo of David Gamble, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
David Gamble
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
D. Matt Gamble, LPC License no. 0701013569. My approach to therapy is both gentle and supportive. My areas of focus are primarily working with the LGBTQ+IA population. My therapeutic approach to working with clients is relational/feminist in orientation. I believe past relationships, both good and bad, influence who we develop into as adults. I have 20+ years of progressive work in mental health. In those years and on my journey to becoming a therapist, I have honed and directed my work towards mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Gender dysphoria and other topics specific to LGBTQIA+ identity.
D. Matt Gamble, LPC License no. 0701013569. My approach to therapy is both gentle and supportive. My areas of focus are primarily working with the LGBTQ+IA population. My therapeutic approach to working with clients is relational/feminist in orientation. I believe past relationships, both good and bad, influence who we develop into as adults. I have 20+ years of progressive work in mental health. In those years and on my journey to becoming a therapist, I have honed and directed my work towards mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Gender dysphoria and other topics specific to LGBTQIA+ identity.
(757) 734-9515 View (757) 734-9515
Photo of Richard Swaine, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Richard Swaine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
(804) 336-3629 View (804) 336-3629
Photo of Michael Sheffield, LPC, ME, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Sheffield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ME
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23456  (Online Only)
Life is hitting you hard right now and maybe you're stuck, feel alone, struggle completing tasks, struggle with the way your mind works, or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining my Master's degree, I have been working as a counselor with people for 4 years. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain. I also work with individuals with ADHD and teenagers.
Life is hitting you hard right now and maybe you're stuck, feel alone, struggle completing tasks, struggle with the way your mind works, or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining my Master's degree, I have been working as a counselor with people for 4 years. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain. I also work with individuals with ADHD and teenagers.
(757) 231-3952 View (757) 231-3952
Photo of Alton Wampler, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alton Wampler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462  (Online Only)
I believe that each of us wants to live a purposeful and connected life. In my clinical practice, I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Internal Family Systems frameworks. I specialize in helping men feel more connected in their relationships by assisting them to acknowledge and address their internal experiences. Many men have become disconnected from their internal experiences which results in feeling lonely, isolated, and stuck.
I believe that each of us wants to live a purposeful and connected life. In my clinical practice, I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Internal Family Systems frameworks. I specialize in helping men feel more connected in their relationships by assisting them to acknowledge and address their internal experiences. Many men have become disconnected from their internal experiences which results in feeling lonely, isolated, and stuck.
(757) 210-7807 View (757) 210-7807
Photo of Norm Stein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Norm Stein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
I have over 25 years of experience specializing in helping people with PTSD, anxiety, grief, depression and low self-esteem eliminate their symptoms and move forward to experience the happy, satisfying and fulfilling lives they deserve. Since trauma impacts both the individual and their partner, I provide couples counseling along with individual counseling. Issues addressed include: workplace violence and accidents, robbery, sexual assault, childhood molestation/abuse, domestic violence, car crashes. I have extensive experience working with Veterans, First Responders & Healthcare Providers around issues specific to their jobs.
I have over 25 years of experience specializing in helping people with PTSD, anxiety, grief, depression and low self-esteem eliminate their symptoms and move forward to experience the happy, satisfying and fulfilling lives they deserve. Since trauma impacts both the individual and their partner, I provide couples counseling along with individual counseling. Issues addressed include: workplace violence and accidents, robbery, sexual assault, childhood molestation/abuse, domestic violence, car crashes. I have extensive experience working with Veterans, First Responders & Healthcare Providers around issues specific to their jobs.
(757) 243-1205 View (757) 243-1205
Photo of Ray Smith, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW, QCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ray Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW, QCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Do you struggle with anxiety and depression? Maybe it's anger and communication issues! Come with me on a journey to dive into these challenges and find resolve. My name is Ray Smith, a travel multi-Licensed Clinical Social Worker (home state of MD), also recognized by the National Association of Social Workers as a Qualified Clinical Social Worker. Since I was a child, I've always had compassion for others around me. As to be expected, this has naturally driven me to the helping profession, where I strive to help individuals live through their struggles, seeking to experience life to their fullest potential.
Do you struggle with anxiety and depression? Maybe it's anger and communication issues! Come with me on a journey to dive into these challenges and find resolve. My name is Ray Smith, a travel multi-Licensed Clinical Social Worker (home state of MD), also recognized by the National Association of Social Workers as a Qualified Clinical Social Worker. Since I was a child, I've always had compassion for others around me. As to be expected, this has naturally driven me to the helping profession, where I strive to help individuals live through their struggles, seeking to experience life to their fullest potential.
(757) 957-4921 View (757) 957-4921
Photo of Adam L Hoxter
Adam L Hoxter
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
There are so many in today’s world struggling, to be heard, to find hope. In my lifetime I have experienced, traumas, loses and grief. Understanding the significance of events on overall wellness, I want nothing more than to give others the opportunity to find hope, to find a way out of whatever hole they might be in, To strengthen their resiliencies to overcome whatever barrier might be holding them back. People of all ages, cultures, and ways of thinking all have struggles and I offer a safe environment to be heard, and to finally obtain freedom from whatever ails you, be it addiction, trauma, or new adjustments in life.
There are so many in today’s world struggling, to be heard, to find hope. In my lifetime I have experienced, traumas, loses and grief. Understanding the significance of events on overall wellness, I want nothing more than to give others the opportunity to find hope, to find a way out of whatever hole they might be in, To strengthen their resiliencies to overcome whatever barrier might be holding them back. People of all ages, cultures, and ways of thinking all have struggles and I offer a safe environment to be heard, and to finally obtain freedom from whatever ails you, be it addiction, trauma, or new adjustments in life.
(757) 859-8351 View (757) 859-8351
Photo of Scott Debb, EdD, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scott Debb
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23451  (Online Only)
I am an Adlerian counselor, helping people better understand the connections between their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, purpose, and motivations using a person-centered, positive, and cognitive-behavioral approach. I tend to focus on short-term symptoms but long-term mental health. I have worked with patients for just a few weeks at a time, as well as with some patients for several years. I tend to work mostly with people experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, which often shows up as frustration, anger, isolation, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and overall loss of pleasure in life.
I am an Adlerian counselor, helping people better understand the connections between their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, purpose, and motivations using a person-centered, positive, and cognitive-behavioral approach. I tend to focus on short-term symptoms but long-term mental health. I have worked with patients for just a few weeks at a time, as well as with some patients for several years. I tend to work mostly with people experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, which often shows up as frustration, anger, isolation, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and overall loss of pleasure in life.
(757) 330-4378 View (757) 330-4378
Photo of Kevin Bosin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Bosin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
I incorporate emotional regulation, mindfulness, grounding, and thought management to help you thrive.
Do you want to have better control on those emotions that come out of nowhere and weigh you down? Do you need a non judgmental listener to help you face challenges no matter how hard they seem ? Would you like some easy and effective ways to help you gain and maintain control ? Click the "website" link to the left to get on my schedule!
I incorporate emotional regulation, mindfulness, grounding, and thought management to help you thrive.
Do you want to have better control on those emotions that come out of nowhere and weigh you down? Do you need a non judgmental listener to help you face challenges no matter how hard they seem ? Would you like some easy and effective ways to help you gain and maintain control ? Click the "website" link to the left to get on my schedule!
(757) 982-8566 View (757) 982-8566
Photo of Howard Simmons, MS, EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Howard Simmons
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Many of us can acknowledge difficulties in relationships and/or struggles with our own internal world but don’t know how to make the necessary changes.
We all face difficult times in our lives which lead us to seek help. Psychotherapy helps you become more resilient, find inner strength and improve your sense of self – all of which aid you in your quest to live a more open, genuine, and fulfilling life. Together we examine areas of struggle and work to identify new ways of being more engaged and effective in relationships and at peace with ourselves. I will work with you in treatment modalities ranging from short-term brief, CBT, to longer-term analytic work. I have experience treating a wide range of difficulties including depression, anxiety and trauma.
Many of us can acknowledge difficulties in relationships and/or struggles with our own internal world but don’t know how to make the necessary changes.
We all face difficult times in our lives which lead us to seek help. Psychotherapy helps you become more resilient, find inner strength and improve your sense of self – all of which aid you in your quest to live a more open, genuine, and fulfilling life. Together we examine areas of struggle and work to identify new ways of being more engaged and effective in relationships and at peace with ourselves. I will work with you in treatment modalities ranging from short-term brief, CBT, to longer-term analytic work. I have experience treating a wide range of difficulties including depression, anxiety and trauma.
(757) 600-6150 View (757) 600-6150
Photo of Anthony Vecchio, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anthony Vecchio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Anthony Vecchio is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia with over 20 years of experience in mental health. He specializes in anxiety, depression, life adjustment, and stress management, and supports military families facing unique challenges. Anthony's ideal clients seek to overcome personal hurdles and achieve a balanced, happier life. He creates a safe, non-judgmental environment for adults and adolescents to explore personal growth and healing. Anthony’s commitment to trust and understanding enables him to create a deeply empathetic and effective therapeutic environment, facilitating transformation and healing.
Anthony Vecchio is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia with over 20 years of experience in mental health. He specializes in anxiety, depression, life adjustment, and stress management, and supports military families facing unique challenges. Anthony's ideal clients seek to overcome personal hurdles and achieve a balanced, happier life. He creates a safe, non-judgmental environment for adults and adolescents to explore personal growth and healing. Anthony’s commitment to trust and understanding enables him to create a deeply empathetic and effective therapeutic environment, facilitating transformation and healing.
(757) 693-4360 View (757) 693-4360
Frank Gallagher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23454
You may cry a bit, and you may laugh about typically hu man things we all do, and at the end of our work together, you will feel better and move forward.
There will be times in your life where you will struggle to make a decision about your job, or a relationship, or you may experience overwhelming anxiety or become depressed because you just feel stuck. You may have experienced a traumatic event when you were younger that continues to get in the way of fully enjoying your life. You may have received difficult news about your health or recently lost a friend or family member and your capacity to enjoy life is diminished.
You may cry a bit, and you may laugh about typically hu man things we all do, and at the end of our work together, you will feel better and move forward.
There will be times in your life where you will struggle to make a decision about your job, or a relationship, or you may experience overwhelming anxiety or become depressed because you just feel stuck. You may have experienced a traumatic event when you were younger that continues to get in the way of fully enjoying your life. You may have received difficult news about your health or recently lost a friend or family member and your capacity to enjoy life is diminished.
(757) 767-5114 View (757) 767-5114
Photo of Tony Foy, LCSW, CSAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tony Foy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
I enjoy helping individuals find balance by addressing the issues that keep them stuck. Feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious and wondering how to work through painful experiences from the past? Sometimes the most important thing you can do is to show up and ask for help. My work is to provide an empathic, nonjudgmental atmosphere for you to work through your discomfort and create a healing experience. I hold the belief that we are all resilient and have the internal capacity to heal ourselves. An essential element in this effort is the development of a trusting relationship between client and therapist.
I enjoy helping individuals find balance by addressing the issues that keep them stuck. Feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious and wondering how to work through painful experiences from the past? Sometimes the most important thing you can do is to show up and ask for help. My work is to provide an empathic, nonjudgmental atmosphere for you to work through your discomfort and create a healing experience. I hold the belief that we are all resilient and have the internal capacity to heal ourselves. An essential element in this effort is the development of a trusting relationship between client and therapist.
(757) 793-2645 View (757) 793-2645
Photo of John C Wren, RiC, MSEd
John C Wren
Resident in Counseling, RiC, MSEd
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
John Wren, RiC, CSAT-Candidate I am a Resident in Counseling working at Meridian Psychotherapy LLC and a candidate to become a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist. I have experience working with individuals and groups in an outpatient setting. My areas of focus include sex addiction, substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavior therapy, solution focused, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and motivational interviewing to empower clients to deal with life’s turmoil and hopefully thrive.
John Wren, RiC, CSAT-Candidate I am a Resident in Counseling working at Meridian Psychotherapy LLC and a candidate to become a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist. I have experience working with individuals and groups in an outpatient setting. My areas of focus include sex addiction, substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavior therapy, solution focused, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and motivational interviewing to empower clients to deal with life’s turmoil and hopefully thrive.
(757) 654-1066 View (757) 654-1066
Photo of Dr. Cyrus R Williams - Rapha Counseling Services Inc, PhD, LPC, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rapha Counseling Services Inc
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Let's face it, life can be challenging!! The counselors at Rapha Counseling Services, Inc, a faith based nonprofit counseling service, believes in treating the entire person, mind, body and soul. Our therapists are committed to providing holistic counseling strategies and interventions to help clients become whole and healed. As such counselors provide faith and spiritually centered mental health services to families, couples, adolescents’, adults, and children at an affordable price. All the counselors at Rapha Counseling Services have master’s degrees in counseling, and our registered with the Virginia Board of Counseling.
Let's face it, life can be challenging!! The counselors at Rapha Counseling Services, Inc, a faith based nonprofit counseling service, believes in treating the entire person, mind, body and soul. Our therapists are committed to providing holistic counseling strategies and interventions to help clients become whole and healed. As such counselors provide faith and spiritually centered mental health services to families, couples, adolescents’, adults, and children at an affordable price. All the counselors at Rapha Counseling Services have master’s degrees in counseling, and our registered with the Virginia Board of Counseling.
(757) 844-5174 View (757) 844-5174
Jeffrey S Katz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Evaluation and treatment of children, adolescents and adults and families emphasizing Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, behavioral and learning issues. I advocate for students regarding special education services and Section 504 accommodations. I provide evaluations to college and graduate students to document disabilities for accommodations. I serve as a Board member of Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. I co-chair the Public Policy committee and am on the Professional Advisory Board. CHADD is the largest international organization dedicated to AD/HD.
Evaluation and treatment of children, adolescents and adults and families emphasizing Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, behavioral and learning issues. I advocate for students regarding special education services and Section 504 accommodations. I provide evaluations to college and graduate students to document disabilities for accommodations. I serve as a Board member of Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. I co-chair the Public Policy committee and am on the Professional Advisory Board. CHADD is the largest international organization dedicated to AD/HD.
(757) 563-3828 View (757) 563-3828
Photo of Gavin Cone, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gavin Cone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Among many, some treated concerns are: Anxiety, relationship difficulty, and improved life functioning.
Gavin is honored to be your choice for mental healthcare. Prior to obtaining licensure (LCSW), he acquired expertise in careers that include active duty military, metropolitan police officer, then title 1 classroom teacher. His undergraduate degree was from UT Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, Tx; then a graduate degree fromTexas A&M University with of focus on clinical social work. Gavin's treatment emphasis is: accurate assessment, then person-specific treatment to resolve life concerns (with very limited focus on labeling one with a psychiatric diagnosis).
Among many, some treated concerns are: Anxiety, relationship difficulty, and improved life functioning.
Gavin is honored to be your choice for mental healthcare. Prior to obtaining licensure (LCSW), he acquired expertise in careers that include active duty military, metropolitan police officer, then title 1 classroom teacher. His undergraduate degree was from UT Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, Tx; then a graduate degree fromTexas A&M University with of focus on clinical social work. Gavin's treatment emphasis is: accurate assessment, then person-specific treatment to resolve life concerns (with very limited focus on labeling one with a psychiatric diagnosis).
(757) 866-3522 View (757) 866-3522
Photo of Michael Scott, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23454
Michael Scott is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 14 years experience working in the mental health field. He has a passion for supporting families and children and is especially sensitive to the unique challenges of a military career. He has significant experience in and a passion for supporting military families and children in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Michael specializes in providing short-term, solution-focused support for individuals, couples, and families dealing with relationship issues, stress, depression, anxiety, adoption, adjustment and life's many unexpected turns.
Michael Scott is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 14 years experience working in the mental health field. He has a passion for supporting families and children and is especially sensitive to the unique challenges of a military career. He has significant experience in and a passion for supporting military families and children in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Michael specializes in providing short-term, solution-focused support for individuals, couples, and families dealing with relationship issues, stress, depression, anxiety, adoption, adjustment and life's many unexpected turns.
(757) 517-8455 View (757) 517-8455
Photo of John McAnulty, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
John McAnulty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23454  (Online Only)
John McAnulty is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC), Internationally Certified Alcohol/Drug Counselor (ICADC), and a Certified Grief Recovery Specialist (CGRS) in the state of Virginia. He has 20 years of experience partnering with adults and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, men’s issues, wo men's issues, grief, loss, bereavement, healthcare professionals, and relationship issues.
John McAnulty is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC), Internationally Certified Alcohol/Drug Counselor (ICADC), and a Certified Grief Recovery Specialist (CGRS) in the state of Virginia. He has 20 years of experience partnering with adults and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, men’s issues, wo men's issues, grief, loss, bereavement, healthcare professionals, and relationship issues.
(757) 571-8319 View (757) 571-8319

See more therapy options for Virginia Beach

Male Therapists

As a man, why might I want to see a male therapist?

There are many reasons a man might wish to work with a male therapist, including a degree of shared identity, which may help client and therapist connect to each other and allow for a more free-flowing discussion of issues that can be deeply personal. Some men may feel more comfortable talking to a male therapist about relationship concerns, the pressures they feel around the roles society and family place on men, career or job challenges, self-esteem, or anger problems. For some men who have not had a male role models in their lives, a good male therapist may be especially helpful.

How can I find out about a therapist’s experience treating men?

Individuals looking for treatment should feel comfortable directly asking a therapist about their history treating men overall and the issues that arise in therapy with men. A good therapist will be happy to discuss such matters as well as their educational background, approach to treatment, and how they think they can aid a prospective client. Prospective clients should also ask what the expectation is for treatment, and what the fee structure is, and whether and which insurance plans are accepted.

Can clients benefit from having a therapist of the same gender?

Therapy is not gender-specific, but some men as well as women feel more comfortable opening up about their experiences and history with a male therapist. An individual may feel that they have to explain less background information and be on the same page more quickly, particularly when discussing gender-specific challenges, in the case of male clients. Some women have prior negative experiences with women that predispose them to prefer working with a male in therapy. That said, a good clinician can transcend most if not all gender concerns. Ultimately, the most important factor in therapy is the connection and trust the client is able to build with the practitioner.

Would a male therapist have specific training in treating men?

Generally, no. There are no certifications for treating men specifically, but there are continuing education classes that therapists may take that focus on treating men as a group. There are many therapists who focus on men and male issues in their treatment and therefore have experience and expertise in this domain.