Therapists in Ridge, VA

Photo of Dr. Sheena Horsford, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Sheena Horsford
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ridge, VA 23233  (Online Only)
Through couple and family therapy, I help individuals, couples, and families manage their emotions effectively so they are able to communicate them to others. This creates a secure attachment in marriages hurt by infidelity, mistrust, and lack of sexual intimacy. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, you will learn how to have an emotionally safe sexual relationship with your significant other. Continue reading to learn how to book a session with me.
Through couple and family therapy, I help individuals, couples, and families manage their emotions effectively so they are able to communicate them to others. This creates a secure attachment in marriages hurt by infidelity, mistrust, and lack of sexual intimacy. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, you will learn how to have an emotionally safe sexual relationship with your significant other. Continue reading to learn how to book a session with me.
(804) 207-5503 View (804) 207-5503

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jenna Ham, CSAC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jenna Ham
Licensed Professional Counselor, CSAC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23229  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to feel heard, seen, and appreciated within your relationship or facing a breakup? Are you feeling overwhelmed with the mental load of parenting? Maybe you’ve recently found out you're expecting and the excitement & anxiety are building. Regardless of what you’re currently facing, I’m glad you’re here & taking the first step towards healing. Together we can work towards happiness and balance by making sense of complicated emotions, breaking down thought & behavioral patterns, developing healthy communication patterns, and exploring emotion regulation skills. You deserve to feel like yourself again.
Are you struggling to feel heard, seen, and appreciated within your relationship or facing a breakup? Are you feeling overwhelmed with the mental load of parenting? Maybe you’ve recently found out you're expecting and the excitement & anxiety are building. Regardless of what you’re currently facing, I’m glad you’re here & taking the first step towards healing. Together we can work towards happiness and balance by making sense of complicated emotions, breaking down thought & behavioral patterns, developing healthy communication patterns, and exploring emotion regulation skills. You deserve to feel like yourself again.
(804) 889-2305 View (804) 889-2305
Photo of Kathy Locke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathy Locke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23229
When individuals, couples, or families reach out to get help in order to face life's challenges, or to find meaning in their lives--I know that the healing journey has begun. I respect and admire the courage that it takes to make that first call and to admit to another human being that one is hurting and needs help. Or, maybe, to admit that one just needs to get another perspective on a difficult problem. As a therapist, I am committed to all who embark on the therapeutic journey of healing.
When individuals, couples, or families reach out to get help in order to face life's challenges, or to find meaning in their lives--I know that the healing journey has begun. I respect and admire the courage that it takes to make that first call and to admit to another human being that one is hurting and needs help. Or, maybe, to admit that one just needs to get another perspective on a difficult problem. As a therapist, I am committed to all who embark on the therapeutic journey of healing.
(804) 265-4636 View (804) 265-4636
Photo of Christopher Weed, MAT, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christopher Weed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MAT, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23233  (Online Only)
A part of being human is dealing with things that feel painful. It has been said that pain is inevitable but suffering is a choice. Over my 20+ years of work, I have appreciated helping people ease their suffering and cope with painful feelings and experiences. Through safe, open and honest discussion people learn to invite and foster the changes they want to see in their lives and in themselves.
A part of being human is dealing with things that feel painful. It has been said that pain is inevitable but suffering is a choice. Over my 20+ years of work, I have appreciated helping people ease their suffering and cope with painful feelings and experiences. Through safe, open and honest discussion people learn to invite and foster the changes they want to see in their lives and in themselves.
(804) 373-2630 View (804) 373-2630
Photo of Maria C Bailey, MS
Maria C Bailey
Resident in Counseling, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Waitlist for new clients
Maria offers a warm, compassionate, person-centered approach. Maria focuses on client collaboration, working with clients to help navigate healing and growth processes, supporting positive changes to live a gratifying and abundant life. Maria’s interests are in providing care to individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, personal exploration, grief and loss, and trauma. Maria emphasizes a holistic, self-compassionate perspective to achieve acceptance and fulfillment.
Maria offers a warm, compassionate, person-centered approach. Maria focuses on client collaboration, working with clients to help navigate healing and growth processes, supporting positive changes to live a gratifying and abundant life. Maria’s interests are in providing care to individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, personal exploration, grief and loss, and trauma. Maria emphasizes a holistic, self-compassionate perspective to achieve acceptance and fulfillment.
(804) 889-2875 View (804) 889-2875
Photo of Meghan N Washington, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan N Washington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23233  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals who are seeking change in their lives and are looking to find a different way of viewing their circumstances. In looking for change, I find satisfaction in helping clients who are open to feedback and working as a team to develop and utilize techniques that make sense to the individual and their life.
I enjoy working with individuals who are seeking change in their lives and are looking to find a different way of viewing their circumstances. In looking for change, I find satisfaction in helping clients who are open to feedback and working as a team to develop and utilize techniques that make sense to the individual and their life.
(804) 531-5318 View (804) 531-5318
Photo of Danielle Pinn, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Pinn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23229
Dani Pinn is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2018. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a minor in Gender, Sexuality & Women’s Studies from VCU, where she developed a strong foundation in understanding the diverse factors that shape mental health. Dani further honed her skills with a Master of Social Work from the esteemed Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Social Work, specializing in Clinical Social Work Practice. Dani’s approach to therapy is client-centered, holistic, and collaborative.
Dani Pinn is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2018. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a minor in Gender, Sexuality & Women’s Studies from VCU, where she developed a strong foundation in understanding the diverse factors that shape mental health. Dani further honed her skills with a Master of Social Work from the esteemed Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Social Work, specializing in Clinical Social Work Practice. Dani’s approach to therapy is client-centered, holistic, and collaborative.
(804) 207-4558 View (804) 207-4558
Photo of Matthew Dean, MA
Matthew Dean
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23229
Hello! My name is Matthew Dean and I am a Resident in Counseling. I am excited to tenderly explore your story with curiosity as you seek growth and healing. I have experience working with people who want help with depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ issues, and faith-based counseling. In a therapy session there is room for everything you are feeling. Through awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and bodies, change can begin to occur. I believe the therapeutic relationship of the counselor/client is uniquely suited to facilitate that change.
Hello! My name is Matthew Dean and I am a Resident in Counseling. I am excited to tenderly explore your story with curiosity as you seek growth and healing. I have experience working with people who want help with depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ issues, and faith-based counseling. In a therapy session there is room for everything you are feeling. Through awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and bodies, change can begin to occur. I believe the therapeutic relationship of the counselor/client is uniquely suited to facilitate that change.
(804) 207-4858 View (804) 207-4858
Photo of Alex Carroll, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alex Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23229
Alex Carroll is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 9 years of experience providing therapy. Alex has developed competency working with a diverse group of individuals, as he has worked in a multitude of settings in the mental health field. Alex specializes in working with adults looking for help with anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma, grief, and loss, as well as other areas. He completed his Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the College of Charleston and received his Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Alex Carroll is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 9 years of experience providing therapy. Alex has developed competency working with a diverse group of individuals, as he has worked in a multitude of settings in the mental health field. Alex specializes in working with adults looking for help with anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma, grief, and loss, as well as other areas. He completed his Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the College of Charleston and received his Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University.
(804) 395-7027 View (804) 395-7027
Photo of Tavi Schlueter- Nurse Practitioner - Active And Connected Family Therapy, CPNP-PC, PMHS
Tavi Schlueter- Nurse Practitioner - Active And Connected Family Therapy
CPNP-PC, PMHS
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23229
I am a nurse practitioner who has dual certifications in pediatrics and pediatric mental health. I have over 13 years of experience in inpatient management of children with complex medical and psychiatric diagnoses and outpatient urgent care. I believe in a patient-centered approach to treatment and want to make sure that each person feels heard and is treated with respect, dignity, and compassion.
I am a nurse practitioner who has dual certifications in pediatrics and pediatric mental health. I have over 13 years of experience in inpatient management of children with complex medical and psychiatric diagnoses and outpatient urgent care. I believe in a patient-centered approach to treatment and want to make sure that each person feels heard and is treated with respect, dignity, and compassion.
(804) 567-7621 View (804) 567-7621
Photo of Patrick Clinton, Licensed Professional Counselor
Patrick Clinton
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23233  (Online Only)
With over 37 years of clinical experience, Patrick Clinton is a Licensed Professional Counselor with significant achievements in the mental health field. Holding degrees from Marist College and Trenton State College, Clinton directed TeenHealthFX.com, a NOVA award-winning adolescent health education platform, showcasing his expertise in digital mental health innovation. His participation on the Digital Health Awards panel underscores his commitment to this area.
With over 37 years of clinical experience, Patrick Clinton is a Licensed Professional Counselor with significant achievements in the mental health field. Holding degrees from Marist College and Trenton State College, Clinton directed TeenHealthFX.com, a NOVA award-winning adolescent health education platform, showcasing his expertise in digital mental health innovation. His participation on the Digital Health Awards panel underscores his commitment to this area.
(540) 787-2543 View (540) 787-2543
Photo of Robyn Nunley, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robyn Nunley
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23229
I have a doctorate degree in marriage and family therapy from Virginia Tech and specialize in treating youth and their families dealing with difficult issues including self-harming behaviors and other debilitating symptoms or issues. I have 15 years of experience and have provided services in many capacities including inpatient, outpatient, psychiatric triage, substance abuse treatment, and medical family therapy. I have specialized training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), medical family therapy, and intensive evidence-based treatments. I am laid back and provide a down to earth, yet no-nonsense approach to therapy and look forward to speaking with you!
I have a doctorate degree in marriage and family therapy from Virginia Tech and specialize in treating youth and their families dealing with difficult issues including self-harming behaviors and other debilitating symptoms or issues. I have 15 years of experience and have provided services in many capacities including inpatient, outpatient, psychiatric triage, substance abuse treatment, and medical family therapy. I have specialized training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), medical family therapy, and intensive evidence-based treatments. I am laid back and provide a down to earth, yet no-nonsense approach to therapy and look forward to speaking with you!
(804) 318-4278 View (804) 318-4278
Photo of Antwan Evans, RIC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Antwan Evans
Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23233  (Online Only)
Antwan Evans is a Resident in Counseling based in Virginia with over 7 years of experience. He is experienced in working with children for day treatment school programs and community service such as Intensive Case Management (ICM) and behavioral health for substance use disorder and co-occurring disorders. He is eager to apply his educational studies, leadership experience, and mentoring background in a setting where professionals work together in unity with the understanding of each individual's mental health needs.
Antwan Evans is a Resident in Counseling based in Virginia with over 7 years of experience. He is experienced in working with children for day treatment school programs and community service such as Intensive Case Management (ICM) and behavioral health for substance use disorder and co-occurring disorders. He is eager to apply his educational studies, leadership experience, and mentoring background in a setting where professionals work together in unity with the understanding of each individual's mental health needs.
(804) 993-8493 View (804) 993-8493
Photo of Patricia McCarty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia McCarty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Patricia "Tricia" McCarty is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people work through life transitions, addiction, grief/loss, chronic illness/pain, anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Tricia uses a humanistic approach and a variety of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, strength-based, narrative, acceptance and commitment, expressive art as therapy, and positive psychotherapy. Tricia completed her Master of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Patricia "Tricia" McCarty is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people work through life transitions, addiction, grief/loss, chronic illness/pain, anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Tricia uses a humanistic approach and a variety of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, strength-based, narrative, acceptance and commitment, expressive art as therapy, and positive psychotherapy. Tricia completed her Master of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University.
(804) 395-5104 View (804) 395-5104
Photo of John H Hamlett, MEd, MDiv, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
John H Hamlett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MDiv, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23229
I'd like to congratulate you for finding the courage to acknowledge that you have a problem and the need to seek help. Whether you are stressed, can't sleep and completely overwhelmed or you have experienced a major loss. I can help you sort things out and give you some effective strategies for coping with the problems you are facing. I offer a needs-based approach to counseling and help you develop healthy effective strategies for getting your needs met and can teach you how to express your feelings and needs in a nonviolent way. I am a seasoned counselor and an EMDR Certified Therapist who works with trauma and abuse survivors.
I'd like to congratulate you for finding the courage to acknowledge that you have a problem and the need to seek help. Whether you are stressed, can't sleep and completely overwhelmed or you have experienced a major loss. I can help you sort things out and give you some effective strategies for coping with the problems you are facing. I offer a needs-based approach to counseling and help you develop healthy effective strategies for getting your needs met and can teach you how to express your feelings and needs in a nonviolent way. I am a seasoned counselor and an EMDR Certified Therapist who works with trauma and abuse survivors.
(804) 409-0587 View (804) 409-0587
Photo of Amy R Hammond, MA, Residen, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amy R Hammond
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, Residen
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23229
I am a trauma-informed resident in counseling working toward my LPC. I help those struggling with anxiety, depression, complex trauma, PTSD, D.I.D, self-harm, sexual struggles, and some addictions. My approach is rooted in sensorimotor psychotherapy, interpersonal neurobiology, neuroscience, and narrative therapy, among other evidence-based practices, CBT, DBT, IFS, etc. With an understanding of how trauma impacts the brain, mind, and body, I provide a safe space for healing; by listening and understanding your perspective to identify what’s working for you and what you want to change.
I am a trauma-informed resident in counseling working toward my LPC. I help those struggling with anxiety, depression, complex trauma, PTSD, D.I.D, self-harm, sexual struggles, and some addictions. My approach is rooted in sensorimotor psychotherapy, interpersonal neurobiology, neuroscience, and narrative therapy, among other evidence-based practices, CBT, DBT, IFS, etc. With an understanding of how trauma impacts the brain, mind, and body, I provide a safe space for healing; by listening and understanding your perspective to identify what’s working for you and what you want to change.
(804) 554-3949 View (804) 554-3949
Photo of Janera P Harvey, MPH, CCC
Janera P Harvey
MPH, CCC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23233  (Online Only)
I’m a Money Coach and Over Shopping Specialist (shopping addiction). I serve busy female clients who suffer in silence because they have an overwhelming amount of debt caused by their shopping addiction. Their shopping addiction is controlling their life, they hide purchased items, impulse shopping online and retails stores for almost anything. These clients are seeking help to get their addiction under control, they want better relationships at home. If you are looking for support and want to recover, we have a proven program that’ll help you.
I’m a Money Coach and Over Shopping Specialist (shopping addiction). I serve busy female clients who suffer in silence because they have an overwhelming amount of debt caused by their shopping addiction. Their shopping addiction is controlling their life, they hide purchased items, impulse shopping online and retails stores for almost anything. These clients are seeking help to get their addiction under control, they want better relationships at home. If you are looking for support and want to recover, we have a proven program that’ll help you.
(919) 804-0376 View (919) 804-0376
Photo of Eric Reitz, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eric Reitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23229
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in creating a safe and nurturing space for individuals grappling with intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behaviors, and overwhelming worry. Whether you're facing major life transitions or working through past traumas, my therapeutic approach focuses on fostering empowerment and resilience. Together, we can embark on a journey towards deeper understanding and healing. Let's collaborate to explore the path that leads to your personal growth and well-being, guiding you towards a more fulfilling life.
I specialize in creating a safe and nurturing space for individuals grappling with intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behaviors, and overwhelming worry. Whether you're facing major life transitions or working through past traumas, my therapeutic approach focuses on fostering empowerment and resilience. Together, we can embark on a journey towards deeper understanding and healing. Let's collaborate to explore the path that leads to your personal growth and well-being, guiding you towards a more fulfilling life.
(804) 373-2297 View (804) 373-2297
Photo of Vega Watts, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vega Watts
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23233
Therapy is a collaborative process to improving your well-being. I enjoy working with individuals who are looking to improve their mental well-being as well as relationships and other aspects of life. You may need support, psychoeducation, and the opportunity to explore your past and present and how it affects you. My clients may be new to mental health treatment and seeking help to accept and manage the challenges of their diagnosis.
Therapy is a collaborative process to improving your well-being. I enjoy working with individuals who are looking to improve their mental well-being as well as relationships and other aspects of life. You may need support, psychoeducation, and the opportunity to explore your past and present and how it affects you. My clients may be new to mental health treatment and seeking help to accept and manage the challenges of their diagnosis.
(804) 575-5578 View (804) 575-5578
Photo of Elizabeth Forman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Forman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Elizabeth Forman is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has 6 years of experience in the mental health field. Elizabeth provides counseling services and clinical assessment to adults and couples. Her experience is in community mental health settings with individuals experiencing issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress. Elizabeth completed both her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Communication Sciences and Disorders and her Master of Science (MS) in Mental Health Counseling at Longwood University.
Elizabeth Forman is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has 6 years of experience in the mental health field. Elizabeth provides counseling services and clinical assessment to adults and couples. Her experience is in community mental health settings with individuals experiencing issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress. Elizabeth completed both her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Communication Sciences and Disorders and her Master of Science (MS) in Mental Health Counseling at Longwood University.
(804) 294-4446 View (804) 294-4446

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ridge, VA

< 10

Therapists in Ridge, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Parenting
100% Sex Therapy
100% Other
100% Divorce

Average years in practice

17 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in Ridge, VA see their clients

100% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.