Therapists in Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA

Photo of Tori Rogalski, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tori Rogalski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
We can think of the therapeutic process as a sort of metamorphosis. Like the caterpillar transforms into a butterfly, we all enter the world with everything we need within us to become our very best selves. However, in order to make that transformation possible, we each require a safe and supportive space to grow. Unfortunately, many of us never had the opportunity to experience that space. This could be due to growing up with unavailable or abusive attachment figures, taking on adult roles at an early age, experiencing isolation and rejection from our peers, etc. This is where therapy can come in - acting as a sort of cocoon.
We can think of the therapeutic process as a sort of metamorphosis. Like the caterpillar transforms into a butterfly, we all enter the world with everything we need within us to become our very best selves. However, in order to make that transformation possible, we each require a safe and supportive space to grow. Unfortunately, many of us never had the opportunity to experience that space. This could be due to growing up with unavailable or abusive attachment figures, taking on adult roles at an early age, experiencing isolation and rejection from our peers, etc. This is where therapy can come in - acting as a sort of cocoon.
(804) 395-6587 View (804) 395-6587
Photo of Paul Stolzenbach, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul Stolzenbach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Are you looking to reset a relationship to resolve conflict or gain satisfaction? Do you need to get a handle on your stress level, feel more grounded or less anxious? Or are you suffering from depression or other mental illness? I am an experienced clinician who has worked with individuals and couples to help them achieve better mental health and emotional balance. I use traditional psychotherapeutic techniques of CBT, Behavior Modification, or Cognitive therapy to relieve symptoms and help clients reset a positive path forward.
Are you looking to reset a relationship to resolve conflict or gain satisfaction? Do you need to get a handle on your stress level, feel more grounded or less anxious? Or are you suffering from depression or other mental illness? I am an experienced clinician who has worked with individuals and couples to help them achieve better mental health and emotional balance. I use traditional psychotherapeutic techniques of CBT, Behavior Modification, or Cognitive therapy to relieve symptoms and help clients reset a positive path forward.
(804) 294-2759 View (804) 294-2759
Photo of Roxanne Dzierzewski, PsyD, Psychologist
Roxanne Dzierzewski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
At times, life can throw us major curveballs, and these struggles, no matter the size, can leave us feeling a whirlwind of emotions. Sharing these burdens can help alleviate some of the weight, making it possible to see other views and change for the better. With whatever difficulty you are currently facing, my aim is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental, and safe space in order to help you gain insight, problem-solve, and make positive steps toward change. I hope to help you feel empowered over your difficulties so that you can achieve an improved quality of life.
At times, life can throw us major curveballs, and these struggles, no matter the size, can leave us feeling a whirlwind of emotions. Sharing these burdens can help alleviate some of the weight, making it possible to see other views and change for the better. With whatever difficulty you are currently facing, my aim is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental, and safe space in order to help you gain insight, problem-solve, and make positive steps toward change. I hope to help you feel empowered over your difficulties so that you can achieve an improved quality of life.
(804) 409-0183 View (804) 409-0183
Photo of Charita Threatt, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charita Threatt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
My name is Charita Threatt and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with an extensive background and training working with individuals with mental health and behavioral health issues as well as those that struggle with daily stress of relationships, work and depression. My private practice is based on person centered, cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing therapies. I can assist individuals with coping skills, improving their self-esteem, depression and anxiety symptoms, communication skills, problem solving, relational problems and grief counseling.I work with couples and families to assist them with building a healthy home environment geared towards strengthening the family unit.
My name is Charita Threatt and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with an extensive background and training working with individuals with mental health and behavioral health issues as well as those that struggle with daily stress of relationships, work and depression. My private practice is based on person centered, cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing therapies. I can assist individuals with coping skills, improving their self-esteem, depression and anxiety symptoms, communication skills, problem solving, relational problems and grief counseling.I work with couples and families to assist them with building a healthy home environment geared towards strengthening the family unit.
(804) 265-0053 View (804) 265-0053
Photo of Adina Silvestri, EdD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Adina Silvestri
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Hi, I'm Dr. Adina Silvestri, the founder at Life Cycles Counseling. I offer a variety of counseling services to help you achieve balance and authenticity. Services include Individual Counseling, Family Counseling, Couples Counseling, and Group Counseling. My practice style is spontaneous, creative and designed to fit your needs - which may be different each session. I have 20 years of experience helping individuals, children and families with a variety of needs, but I specialize in treating women with substance abuse issues and eating disorders. Please visit my website at www.adinasilvestri.com for more information.
Hi, I'm Dr. Adina Silvestri, the founder at Life Cycles Counseling. I offer a variety of counseling services to help you achieve balance and authenticity. Services include Individual Counseling, Family Counseling, Couples Counseling, and Group Counseling. My practice style is spontaneous, creative and designed to fit your needs - which may be different each session. I have 20 years of experience helping individuals, children and families with a variety of needs, but I specialize in treating women with substance abuse issues and eating disorders. Please visit my website at www.adinasilvestri.com for more information.
(804) 621-7126 View (804) 621-7126
Photo of Erica Hurley, PhD, LCP, Psychologist
Erica Hurley
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
I help clients find answers to the questions they have about themselves through psychological testing. My clients tend to be high-functioning adults who value self-discovery and who often feel perplexed by not being able to overcome a specific problem in their lives.
I help clients find answers to the questions they have about themselves through psychological testing. My clients tend to be high-functioning adults who value self-discovery and who often feel perplexed by not being able to overcome a specific problem in their lives.
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Photo of Ida Parineetha Braford, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ida Parineetha Braford
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Do you worry about all the things you are juggling and losing sleep? Are you struggling in your relationships? Are you sad about the state of this world and finding that the stressors of life are beginning to get overwhelming? I am here to support you and walk with you through this season. Sometimes it can be difficult to express your needs and to look into your past. I help you explore yourself, your strengths, your difficulties, your desires, and your fears by creating a brave space where we focus on growth and building resilience with empathy.
Do you worry about all the things you are juggling and losing sleep? Are you struggling in your relationships? Are you sad about the state of this world and finding that the stressors of life are beginning to get overwhelming? I am here to support you and walk with you through this season. Sometimes it can be difficult to express your needs and to look into your past. I help you explore yourself, your strengths, your difficulties, your desires, and your fears by creating a brave space where we focus on growth and building resilience with empathy.
(804) 596-6806 View (804) 596-6806
Photo of Linda Noronha, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda Noronha
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
My passion as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to meet people where they are in their lives and try to help them make sense of it. Let's face it, life can be a mess sometimes. One moment, life can be happy, upbeat, positive, balanced. The next moment, you may feel your sinking in a never-ending quicksand or feeling knocked over by a rogue wave of emotions and problems feeling too great to solve. We all are unique individuals with a wide range of experiences, both positive and negative. Flexibility and adaptability are how I work to adjust as a Therapist to help find a treatment plan and other strategies for clients.
My passion as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to meet people where they are in their lives and try to help them make sense of it. Let's face it, life can be a mess sometimes. One moment, life can be happy, upbeat, positive, balanced. The next moment, you may feel your sinking in a never-ending quicksand or feeling knocked over by a rogue wave of emotions and problems feeling too great to solve. We all are unique individuals with a wide range of experiences, both positive and negative. Flexibility and adaptability are how I work to adjust as a Therapist to help find a treatment plan and other strategies for clients.
(571) 603-6148 View (571) 603-6148
Photo of Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 616-3072 View (540) 616-3072
Photo of Dione Fields, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dione Fields
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
These are trying times. Adjusting to change is not easy. You may be struggling with feeling isolated at home, finances, life transitions, responsibilities as a caregiver, and social change. You are not alone. I can help you find your way through the fields of change.
These are trying times. Adjusting to change is not easy. You may be struggling with feeling isolated at home, finances, life transitions, responsibilities as a caregiver, and social change. You are not alone. I can help you find your way through the fields of change.
(804) 336-3778 View (804) 336-3778
Photo of Eli Marano, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eli Marano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Beginning therapy can be a difficult, anxiety-provoking, or, possibly, a relieving decision. It is an important step towards healing, and I am excited to begin that journey with you. As a therapist, I believe in meeting you wherever you are at, working collaboratively to establish goals, and finding connection to the process.
Beginning therapy can be a difficult, anxiety-provoking, or, possibly, a relieving decision. It is an important step towards healing, and I am excited to begin that journey with you. As a therapist, I believe in meeting you wherever you are at, working collaboratively to establish goals, and finding connection to the process.
(804) 336-3849 View (804) 336-3849
Photo of Danielle Pinn, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Pinn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Dani Pinn is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2018. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a minor in Gender, Sexuality & Women’s Studies from VCU, where she developed a strong foundation in understanding the diverse factors that shape mental health. Dani further honed her skills with a Master of Social Work from the esteemed Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Social Work, specializing in Clinical Social Work Practice. Dani’s approach to therapy is client-centered, holistic, and collaborative.
Dani Pinn is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2018. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a minor in Gender, Sexuality & Women’s Studies from VCU, where she developed a strong foundation in understanding the diverse factors that shape mental health. Dani further honed her skills with a Master of Social Work from the esteemed Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Social Work, specializing in Clinical Social Work Practice. Dani’s approach to therapy is client-centered, holistic, and collaborative.
(804) 207-4558 View (804) 207-4558
Photo of Andrea Devooght, MA, NCC
Andrea Devooght
Resident in Counseling, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Are you and your partner facing challenges that seem overwhelming? Life’s transitions can be especially tough on relationships, and seeking support is a courageous first step. My approach to counseling is centered on helping couples find renewed connection and understanding amidst life’s complexities.
Are you and your partner facing challenges that seem overwhelming? Life’s transitions can be especially tough on relationships, and seeking support is a courageous first step. My approach to counseling is centered on helping couples find renewed connection and understanding amidst life’s complexities.
(804) 979-2075 View (804) 979-2075
Photo of Melanie Lewis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melanie Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Hello and welcome! If you're looking for a therapist for yourself or your child, I can help. Although many people are able to express exactly what is causing them stress (or why), it's also common to struggle with putting it into words. You might feel anxious or depressed more days than not. Clients who seek me out often experience overwhelming emotions but might also feel low and unmotivated, or even detached. If you're a parent, you might be concerned about your child but feel unsure how to help them. I'd like to partner with you on how to make things better for you!
Hello and welcome! If you're looking for a therapist for yourself or your child, I can help. Although many people are able to express exactly what is causing them stress (or why), it's also common to struggle with putting it into words. You might feel anxious or depressed more days than not. Clients who seek me out often experience overwhelming emotions but might also feel low and unmotivated, or even detached. If you're a parent, you might be concerned about your child but feel unsure how to help them. I'd like to partner with you on how to make things better for you!
(804) 315-2700 View (804) 315-2700
Photo of Devin Nelson-Hence, MEd,  LRC
Devin Nelson-Hence
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LRC
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
My approach to therapy is to meet you where you are, where you can show up as your true self, and work collaboratively towards a healthier, more fulfilling life. I work to create a safe, non-judgement space where you can process, at your own pace, the past so that you can develop tools for today that are lasting long after our journey ends. We explore how identity, environment, and upbringing often influence maladaptive behaviors. I help you discover that you can be an instrument of change in your life – breaking cycles that impede your ability to have a better tomorrow.
My approach to therapy is to meet you where you are, where you can show up as your true self, and work collaboratively towards a healthier, more fulfilling life. I work to create a safe, non-judgement space where you can process, at your own pace, the past so that you can develop tools for today that are lasting long after our journey ends. We explore how identity, environment, and upbringing often influence maladaptive behaviors. I help you discover that you can be an instrument of change in your life – breaking cycles that impede your ability to have a better tomorrow.
(804) 392-1974 View (804) 392-1974
Photo of Joseph Shelton, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Joseph Shelton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Hi, I am Joseph Shelton I am a counselor with over 10 years of experience in the field. I have a license in professional counseling from the state of Virginia. My practice style is based on CBT with a heavy influence on coping skills with meditation and a mindfulness component. I use a person-centered cognitive behavioral therapeutic approach with support resources in mindfulness and meditation treatment. I have a history of experience with clients with various mental health issues and comorbidities including addiction; substance use concerns; Depression; Bipolar; anxiety; and LGBTQIS individual issues.
Hi, I am Joseph Shelton I am a counselor with over 10 years of experience in the field. I have a license in professional counseling from the state of Virginia. My practice style is based on CBT with a heavy influence on coping skills with meditation and a mindfulness component. I use a person-centered cognitive behavioral therapeutic approach with support resources in mindfulness and meditation treatment. I have a history of experience with clients with various mental health issues and comorbidities including addiction; substance use concerns; Depression; Bipolar; anxiety; and LGBTQIS individual issues.
(804) 259-0390 View (804) 259-0390
Photo of Nadeem Ahmed, LCP, Psychologist
Nadeem Ahmed
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
My name is Dr. Nadeem Ahmed, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (LCP) based in Midlothian Virginia. I am a seasoned psychologist who has been in the field for 15 years. I provide telehealth therapy to clients in Virginia. My approach to therapy focuses on understanding the unique strengths and challenges that have impacted a client’s life. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing as modalities to help build a shared understanding of your life and goals for therapy.
My name is Dr. Nadeem Ahmed, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (LCP) based in Midlothian Virginia. I am a seasoned psychologist who has been in the field for 15 years. I provide telehealth therapy to clients in Virginia. My approach to therapy focuses on understanding the unique strengths and challenges that have impacted a client’s life. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing as modalities to help build a shared understanding of your life and goals for therapy.
(804) 581-1577 View (804) 581-1577
Photo of Harley Jones, MA, MEd, NCC
Harley Jones
Resident in Counseling, MA, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
In therapy and beyond, I believe in the power of self-expression to help us grow and experience the best that life has to offer. I see therapy as a place to better get to know ourselves, process experiences and emotions, and hear a different perspective about challenges that we may struggle to see clearly. Therapy can be many things: a place to clarify our identity, strengthen communication skills, change habits, or support mindfulness in our everyday lives.
In therapy and beyond, I believe in the power of self-expression to help us grow and experience the best that life has to offer. I see therapy as a place to better get to know ourselves, process experiences and emotions, and hear a different perspective about challenges that we may struggle to see clearly. Therapy can be many things: a place to clarify our identity, strengthen communication skills, change habits, or support mindfulness in our everyday lives.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Alexandra Coughlin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Coughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 517-7125 View (540) 517-7125
Photo of Rachelle Dunn, LPC, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachelle Dunn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Breaking free from unhealthy patterns in our lives can be difficult. Emotions may feel out-of-control at times and self-defeating thoughts may run amok in our minds. We might feel trapped in isolation, unhealthy relationship cycles or struggle to move beyond past hurts, traumatic experiences or our own mistakes. There is hope. It is possible to heal from the past, gain control of our emotions and develop new ways of thinking and relating to others. I would be honored to have the opportunity to walk with you on your journey towards increased peace of mind, meaningful connections and renewed purpose.
Breaking free from unhealthy patterns in our lives can be difficult. Emotions may feel out-of-control at times and self-defeating thoughts may run amok in our minds. We might feel trapped in isolation, unhealthy relationship cycles or struggle to move beyond past hurts, traumatic experiences or our own mistakes. There is hope. It is possible to heal from the past, gain control of our emotions and develop new ways of thinking and relating to others. I would be honored to have the opportunity to walk with you on your journey towards increased peace of mind, meaningful connections and renewed purpose.
(757) 563-3163 View (757) 563-3163
1

See more therapy options for Cedarhurst, Richmond

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
93% Depression
76% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
67% Stress
66% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
90% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
86% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Cedarhurst, Richmond, VA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cedarhurst, Richmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.