Therapists in Port Royal, VA

Photo of Yolanda Lane, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yolanda Lane
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Port Royal, VA 22535
Today's families are under a lot of pressure. Relationships are strained, work is stressful, and school is overwhelming. Trauma, depression, and anxiety can immobilize the best of us. Without help, it's difficult to find the balance.
Today's families are under a lot of pressure. Relationships are strained, work is stressful, and school is overwhelming. Trauma, depression, and anxiety can immobilize the best of us. Without help, it's difficult to find the balance.
(540) 288-4802 View (540) 288-4802

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Delores Morris, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Delores Morris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bowling Green, VA 22427
Hello. My name is Delores Morris, and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I approach therapy from a client-centered perspective that's based on the individual needs of each client. My style and approach are typically a good match for adults who may be experiencing grief, depression, PTSD, anxiety, job stress, life transitions, and other similar conditions or concerns. Clients who are seeking to gain insight into the way they are feeling.
Hello. My name is Delores Morris, and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I approach therapy from a client-centered perspective that's based on the individual needs of each client. My style and approach are typically a good match for adults who may be experiencing grief, depression, PTSD, anxiety, job stress, life transitions, and other similar conditions or concerns. Clients who are seeking to gain insight into the way they are feeling.
(434) 722-3741 View (434) 722-3741
Photo of Chuck Ruby, PhD, Psychologist
Chuck Ruby
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
I work with adults using humanistic and existential approaches. This means I view emotional distress and troublesome behaviors as natural human reactions to common life challenges. Despite conventional wisdom, there is no scientific evidence that they are dysfunctions of the mind or brain. Instead, they are personal, spiritual, political, financial, moral, and existential challenges that we all face. They can be very emotionally disruptive, but rest assured, there is nothing wrong with you or your brain. Calling them "mental illnesses" or "disorders" is very misleading and potentially harmful.
I work with adults using humanistic and existential approaches. This means I view emotional distress and troublesome behaviors as natural human reactions to common life challenges. Despite conventional wisdom, there is no scientific evidence that they are dysfunctions of the mind or brain. Instead, they are personal, spiritual, political, financial, moral, and existential challenges that we all face. They can be very emotionally disruptive, but rest assured, there is nothing wrong with you or your brain. Calling them "mental illnesses" or "disorders" is very misleading and potentially harmful.
(301) 685-0366 View (301) 685-0366
Photo of Esther Reynolds, Licensed Professional Counselor
Esther Reynolds
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
Do you notice that you get tired easily and lack of energy without medical reasons? Do you feel sad, hopeless, worthless, and empty? Do you have sleep disturbance, either insomnia or sleeping too much? Do you experience frequent anxiety, agitation, and/or restlessness? Do you sometimes react adversely to a trigger that reminds you of past traumatic experiences, either consciously or unconsciously? I believe that your motivation is key to success and that all motivation must start with a destination, chosen by you. I see myself just as a facilitator, guiding you toward that destination.
Do you notice that you get tired easily and lack of energy without medical reasons? Do you feel sad, hopeless, worthless, and empty? Do you have sleep disturbance, either insomnia or sleeping too much? Do you experience frequent anxiety, agitation, and/or restlessness? Do you sometimes react adversely to a trigger that reminds you of past traumatic experiences, either consciously or unconsciously? I believe that your motivation is key to success and that all motivation must start with a destination, chosen by you. I see myself just as a facilitator, guiding you toward that destination.
(540) 679-7469 View (540) 679-7469
Photo of Nicole Spencer, MA
Nicole Spencer
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
Greetings and welcome to my profile on Psychology Today! I am a resident in counseling with a passion for helping individuals of all ages, couples, and families navigate their mental health journeys. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or any other mental health disorder, I am here to provide support and guidance. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults, understanding the unique challenges and developmental needs that each age group may face. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing space where you can freely express your thoughts and emotions without judgment.
Greetings and welcome to my profile on Psychology Today! I am a resident in counseling with a passion for helping individuals of all ages, couples, and families navigate their mental health journeys. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or any other mental health disorder, I am here to provide support and guidance. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults, understanding the unique challenges and developmental needs that each age group may face. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing space where you can freely express your thoughts and emotions without judgment.
(804) 432-8727 View (804) 432-8727
Photo of Laurencia C. duSantos - El Rophe Psychological Solutions, LLC, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
El Rophe Psychological Solutions, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
King George, VA 22485
Doctor of psychology with expertise in psychological/neuropsychological/educational/forensic evaluations and psychotherapy. Diagnoses and treats various clinical/neuropsychological difficulties including brain-related injuries, anxiety, depression, PTSD, autism, intellectual disabilities/learning disorders, and emotional and behavioral difficulties. Works with immigrant populations, military/veterans and families, victims of trauma, abuse and domestic violence, as well as forensic (court-related) populations, among others. Works with all age groups. Bible-centered therapy can be also provided, if so desired.
Doctor of psychology with expertise in psychological/neuropsychological/educational/forensic evaluations and psychotherapy. Diagnoses and treats various clinical/neuropsychological difficulties including brain-related injuries, anxiety, depression, PTSD, autism, intellectual disabilities/learning disorders, and emotional and behavioral difficulties. Works with immigrant populations, military/veterans and families, victims of trauma, abuse and domestic violence, as well as forensic (court-related) populations, among others. Works with all age groups. Bible-centered therapy can be also provided, if so desired.
(703) 348-9174 View (703) 348-9174
Photo of Kenisha Moore, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kenisha Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
Self-awareness provides us with essential tools to navigate life’s uncertainties. By understanding ourselves with empathy and without judgment, we become more present and better equipped to pursue the life we desire. In my role as a therapist, I am deeply committed to the belief that articulating our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors allows us to connect with our authentic selves. This connection fosters the potential for a fulfilling life, even amidst life's complexities.
Self-awareness provides us with essential tools to navigate life’s uncertainties. By understanding ourselves with empathy and without judgment, we become more present and better equipped to pursue the life we desire. In my role as a therapist, I am deeply committed to the belief that articulating our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors allows us to connect with our authentic selves. This connection fosters the potential for a fulfilling life, even amidst life's complexities.
(540) 781-1290 View (540) 781-1290
Photo of Shayla Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shayla Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Shay Walker, a dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in the beautiful state of Virginia. With a passion for helping individuals unlock their true potential, I see therapy as a collaborative journey towards personal growth and self-discovery. My journey into the field of social work began with a profound desire to make a positive impact on the lives of those I encountered. After earning my credentials as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I embarked on a fulfilling career path in Virginia. My approach to therapy is rooted in the belief that we all possess the capacity for growth and transformation. I view ea
Hello, I'm Shay Walker, a dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in the beautiful state of Virginia. With a passion for helping individuals unlock their true potential, I see therapy as a collaborative journey towards personal growth and self-discovery. My journey into the field of social work began with a profound desire to make a positive impact on the lives of those I encountered. After earning my credentials as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I embarked on a fulfilling career path in Virginia. My approach to therapy is rooted in the belief that we all possess the capacity for growth and transformation. I view ea
(571) 506-6056 View (571) 506-6056
Photo of Sherie Mawusi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sherie Mawusi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
King George, VA 22485  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia. I have over 20 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, woman's issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD. I also helped many people who have experienced trauma and abuse issues. My therapy style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with non judgmental, respect, sensitivity and compassion. I believe that everyone needs to experience the power of what being in therapy does in a person's life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia. I have over 20 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, woman's issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD. I also helped many people who have experienced trauma and abuse issues. My therapy style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with non judgmental, respect, sensitivity and compassion. I believe that everyone needs to experience the power of what being in therapy does in a person's life.
(757) 742-4109 View (757) 742-4109
Photo of Theresa A Weedon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Theresa A Weedon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
King George, VA 22485
My mission is to serve my clients in a professionally caring manner that is respectful of each individuals situation. Have you ever gone to a treatment provider and felt that you weren't heard. This has happened to me many times and it is so frustrating. When someone is struggling with the stress of life finding someone to listen is difficult enough. Then add to that anxiety, depression, ADHD,obsessive thoughts,severe trauma or loss and the feeling of hopelessness and defeat can be almost overwhelming .This brings up the question"Does anyone really care?".
My mission is to serve my clients in a professionally caring manner that is respectful of each individuals situation. Have you ever gone to a treatment provider and felt that you weren't heard. This has happened to me many times and it is so frustrating. When someone is struggling with the stress of life finding someone to listen is difficult enough. Then add to that anxiety, depression, ADHD,obsessive thoughts,severe trauma or loss and the feeling of hopelessness and defeat can be almost overwhelming .This brings up the question"Does anyone really care?".
(540) 492-4464 View (540) 492-4464
Insight Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
King George, VA 22485
Insight Psychological Services is a private outpatient clinic that provides individual, couple's, and family therapy, as well as psychological testing services, for clients ages 4+. We accept a variety of insurance plans, including Medicaid and Medicare.
Insight Psychological Services is a private outpatient clinic that provides individual, couple's, and family therapy, as well as psychological testing services, for clients ages 4+. We accept a variety of insurance plans, including Medicaid and Medicare.
(540) 625-1256 View (540) 625-1256

Online Therapists

Photo of Cait Price, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cait Price
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Welcome! Beginning therapy is a courageous step in the healing process. I have seen firsthand the transformative results of psychotherapy. I practice counseling from a relational depth perspective. This means focusing on the relationship I build with clients as a cornerstone of treatment and working with the unconscious, which is the root of most distress. I help clients work through symptoms which are causing conflict in their lives, keeping them from achieving their goals, and preventing them from feeling a sense of overall well-being.
Welcome! Beginning therapy is a courageous step in the healing process. I have seen firsthand the transformative results of psychotherapy. I practice counseling from a relational depth perspective. This means focusing on the relationship I build with clients as a cornerstone of treatment and working with the unconscious, which is the root of most distress. I help clients work through symptoms which are causing conflict in their lives, keeping them from achieving their goals, and preventing them from feeling a sense of overall well-being.
(434) 448-9257 View (434) 448-9257
Photo of Ceresa Gonzalez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ceresa Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Ceresa González and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience working in mental health. I have been very fortunate to recognize early in my life that my ability to intuitively understand and connect with people would lead to a lifelong career helping others do the same. At its core, I believe the relationship with ourselves is what determines how we interact with our environment, other people, and the world.
Hi there! My name is Ceresa González and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience working in mental health. I have been very fortunate to recognize early in my life that my ability to intuitively understand and connect with people would lead to a lifelong career helping others do the same. At its core, I believe the relationship with ourselves is what determines how we interact with our environment, other people, and the world.
(571) 497-5371 View (571) 497-5371
Photo of Brandon Johnson, MHS, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brandon Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MHS, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed? If life has taken it's toll on your mental health its time to make a change. You need to view more than the negative side of yourself. On the inside, you're trying to remain determined, and accomplished, but in reality you feel incapable of living up to your potential and no matter how hard you try to change. I will help you get over that hump. You are the expert on your life and through a collaborative approach, we will walk together to through your concerns to help you feel empowered and able to take control of your life. I treat infertility concerns, marriage and relationship counseling and depression.
Feeling overwhelmed? If life has taken it's toll on your mental health its time to make a change. You need to view more than the negative side of yourself. On the inside, you're trying to remain determined, and accomplished, but in reality you feel incapable of living up to your potential and no matter how hard you try to change. I will help you get over that hump. You are the expert on your life and through a collaborative approach, we will walk together to through your concerns to help you feel empowered and able to take control of your life. I treat infertility concerns, marriage and relationship counseling and depression.
(804) 587-8342 View (804) 587-8342
Photo of Heather D Sheets - Dr. Heather Sheets, PLLC, PsyD , Psychologist
Dr. Heather Sheets, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22207
There are certain transition points in life: moments when you identify a shift in your inner dialogue, or you recognize a need for lasting change, or you decide it’s time to choose which of your life experiences should be footnotes and which should be part of your greater narrative. I believe these are moments of opportunity—and together, we can use the discomfort caused by life changes, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or other stressors to navigate the next portion of your life journey in a brave, healthy direction. I look forward to learning more about you and your goals for change.
There are certain transition points in life: moments when you identify a shift in your inner dialogue, or you recognize a need for lasting change, or you decide it’s time to choose which of your life experiences should be footnotes and which should be part of your greater narrative. I believe these are moments of opportunity—and together, we can use the discomfort caused by life changes, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or other stressors to navigate the next portion of your life journey in a brave, healthy direction. I look forward to learning more about you and your goals for change.
(571) 290-2825 View (571) 290-2825
Mary Ann Rapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Mary Ann graduated from The George Washington University with her Master's in Counseling and currently does individual therapy with Lifestance Health, both in person and by televisit. She also holds a Master's in Interdisciplinary Studies from George Mason University. Her areas of expertise include PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Management and Substance Abuse. Prior to coming to Lifestance, Mary Ann worked for Inova Loudoun Hospital as well as spent 9 years at the Washington DC VA Medical Center. She enjoys gardening, travel and snorkeling as hobbies.
Mary Ann graduated from The George Washington University with her Master's in Counseling and currently does individual therapy with Lifestance Health, both in person and by televisit. She also holds a Master's in Interdisciplinary Studies from George Mason University. Her areas of expertise include PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Management and Substance Abuse. Prior to coming to Lifestance, Mary Ann worked for Inova Loudoun Hospital as well as spent 9 years at the Washington DC VA Medical Center. She enjoys gardening, travel and snorkeling as hobbies.
(540) 401-8476 View (540) 401-8476
Photo of Andrea Miller, LGPC, MA, NCC
Andrea Miller
Resident in Counseling, LGPC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22209
Are you in search of support? Are you struggling with symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, personal growth, life transitions, relationship conflict, multicultural issues, religion, spirituality, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or bipolar/mood disorders?
Are you in search of support? Are you struggling with symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, personal growth, life transitions, relationship conflict, multicultural issues, religion, spirituality, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or bipolar/mood disorders?
(571) 946-6525 View (571) 946-6525
Photo of Samantha Orrell, MC,  LPC, Counselor
Samantha Orrell
Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23235
Samantha Orrell is originally from Northern Virginia and moved to the Richmond area in 2019. Samantha received a Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University, in Arlington, VA, and a Bachelors in Human Services from Old Dominion University, in Norfolk, VA. Samantha is currently a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). In the counseling setting, Samantha strives to create an authentic and genuine connection with her clients.
Samantha Orrell is originally from Northern Virginia and moved to the Richmond area in 2019. Samantha received a Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University, in Arlington, VA, and a Bachelors in Human Services from Old Dominion University, in Norfolk, VA. Samantha is currently a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). In the counseling setting, Samantha strives to create an authentic and genuine connection with her clients.
(804) 531-3638 View (804) 531-3638
Photo of Emily Claus, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Claus
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a license eligible clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children, adolescents and adults. I'm trained in play and individual therapy for issues ranging from anxiety and mood disorders to ADHD, autism spectrum and other behavioral disorders. Some of specialties include psychological trauma (sexual/physical abuse, neglect) and LGBT issues. I also conducts psychological evaluations and assessments to help develop a more clear mental health diagnosis. I earned my doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Nova Southeastern University and completed her clinical internship at Pennsylvania Counseling Services.
I am a license eligible clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children, adolescents and adults. I'm trained in play and individual therapy for issues ranging from anxiety and mood disorders to ADHD, autism spectrum and other behavioral disorders. Some of specialties include psychological trauma (sexual/physical abuse, neglect) and LGBT issues. I also conducts psychological evaluations and assessments to help develop a more clear mental health diagnosis. I earned my doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Nova Southeastern University and completed her clinical internship at Pennsylvania Counseling Services.
(703) 639-4155 View (703) 639-4155
Photo of Cassandra Michelle, MA, ATR, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cassandra Michelle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23228  (Online Only)
Michelle is a licensed professional counselor (LPC), art therapist, and clinical supervisor committed to creating and nurturing a safe, reflective, and inclusive environment for all individuals to heal, grow, flourish, and thrive. Grounded in her values and principles, she emphasizes healing through creativity, mindfulness, and personal and professional empowerment using a trauma informed approach. Currently she offers virtual EMDR sessions for those experiencing the dysregulating symptoms of single incident trauma.
Michelle is a licensed professional counselor (LPC), art therapist, and clinical supervisor committed to creating and nurturing a safe, reflective, and inclusive environment for all individuals to heal, grow, flourish, and thrive. Grounded in her values and principles, she emphasizes healing through creativity, mindfulness, and personal and professional empowerment using a trauma informed approach. Currently she offers virtual EMDR sessions for those experiencing the dysregulating symptoms of single incident trauma.
(804) 609-2368 View (804) 609-2368

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Port Royal, VA

< 10

Therapists in Port Royal, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Life Coaching
100% Parenting
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Port Royal, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Port Royal?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.