Therapists in Lancaster County, VA

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Photo of Janine Snader, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Janine Snader
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
There are times in all our lives when we need help getting through stressful situations, life adjustments, or managing ongoing mental health symptoms. It can be hard to make the decision to reach out. I am here to help. Experience has shown me that we all have strengths to build on and the inner wisdom to make things better. We often just need a guide to help us get back on track. I work with clients with emotional and behavioral struggles, including anxiety, anger and depression. I work with individuals and include family members to improve quality of life. Couples therapy-Gottman trained-90 min. sessions-self pay only.
There are times in all our lives when we need help getting through stressful situations, life adjustments, or managing ongoing mental health symptoms. It can be hard to make the decision to reach out. I am here to help. Experience has shown me that we all have strengths to build on and the inner wisdom to make things better. We often just need a guide to help us get back on track. I work with clients with emotional and behavioral struggles, including anxiety, anger and depression. I work with individuals and include family members to improve quality of life. Couples therapy-Gottman trained-90 min. sessions-self pay only.
(804) 597-2002 View (804) 597-2002
Photo of Robert Scott Barker - R Scott Barker Counseling, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
R Scott Barker Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
White Stone, VA 22578
I am a versatile Therapist interested in supporting adults, parents, couples, children and families.
I am a versatile Therapist interested in supporting adults, parents, couples, children and families.
(804) 587-8572 View (804) 587-8572
Photo of Alicia Hardin Carter - Alicia Carter/Excel Intervention, EdD, LPC-R, MSPSY, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alicia Carter/Excel Intervention
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdD, LPC-R, MSPSY, MEd
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
Excel Intervention and Therapeutic Services offers a warm inviting atmosphere with Licensed Therapists, Residents in Counseling, Counseling Interns and QMHP’s. Alicia H. Carter is a Resident in Counseling with experience in child, adolescent and adult outpatient treatment. She completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. Alicia utilizes relational, collaborative, cognitive behavioral, and person-centered approaches to build relationships and to meet the needs of each unique individual.
Excel Intervention and Therapeutic Services offers a warm inviting atmosphere with Licensed Therapists, Residents in Counseling, Counseling Interns and QMHP’s. Alicia H. Carter is a Resident in Counseling with experience in child, adolescent and adult outpatient treatment. She completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. Alicia utilizes relational, collaborative, cognitive behavioral, and person-centered approaches to build relationships and to meet the needs of each unique individual.
(804) 589-4491 View (804) 589-4491
Photo of Andrew J. Billups, PsyD, Psychologist
Andrew J. Billups
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
An ideal client will call to address trauma, demoralization, and anxiety, because the joys and satisfactions that seem to be present in the lives of others elude them. They say their best efforts at improving matters fall short. I may suggest that many psychotherapy patients have downloaded flawed software during their formative years, before discernment (i.e., filters) protect us from flawed information about ourselves and how the world works. I explain that psychotherapy and life coaching can provide a means by which this software is de-bugged in a warm and trusting relationship.
An ideal client will call to address trauma, demoralization, and anxiety, because the joys and satisfactions that seem to be present in the lives of others elude them. They say their best efforts at improving matters fall short. I may suggest that many psychotherapy patients have downloaded flawed software during their formative years, before discernment (i.e., filters) protect us from flawed information about ourselves and how the world works. I explain that psychotherapy and life coaching can provide a means by which this software is de-bugged in a warm and trusting relationship.
(804) 258-6284 View (804) 258-6284
Photo of Cynthia Repanshek, LCP, Psychologist
Cynthia Repanshek
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
My name is Cynthia (Cyndi) Repanshek, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist. I am located in Fredericksburg, VA, but I see patients throughout Virginia via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, and OCD. I see therapy as a collaborative process. I am not dedicated to a sole modality, and I would like to work with you to determine what type of therapy is the best fit. I work with adults of all ages. I have treated a wide range of diagnoses, including adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
My name is Cynthia (Cyndi) Repanshek, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist. I am located in Fredericksburg, VA, but I see patients throughout Virginia via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, and OCD. I see therapy as a collaborative process. I am not dedicated to a sole modality, and I would like to work with you to determine what type of therapy is the best fit. I work with adults of all ages. I have treated a wide range of diagnoses, including adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
(804) 567-7441 View (804) 567-7441
Photo of Mary Rodman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Rodman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
Mary Jouett Rodman, LCSW, graduated from Jane Addams College of Social Work at The University of Illinois at Chicago. Mary encompasses a holistic approach when identifying and treating the macro and micro needs of the community. Mary is focused on creating sustainable healing by incorporating strength-based systems of care. As a clinical social worker, her treatment approach includes motivational interviewing, integrating self-compassion principles, embodied practices, and a person-centered treatment approach.
Mary Jouett Rodman, LCSW, graduated from Jane Addams College of Social Work at The University of Illinois at Chicago. Mary encompasses a holistic approach when identifying and treating the macro and micro needs of the community. Mary is focused on creating sustainable healing by incorporating strength-based systems of care. As a clinical social worker, her treatment approach includes motivational interviewing, integrating self-compassion principles, embodied practices, and a person-centered treatment approach.
(571) 603-7747 View (571) 603-7747
Photo of Monica Durrette, PhD, LCP, Psychologist
Monica Durrette
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
Whether you find yourself struggling to cope with the sudden demands of major life changes or challenges related to chronic mental health issues, making the decision to seek help can be difficult and confusing. I have a small, private practice where I provide counseling and assessment services to individuals presenting with a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as emotional challenges related to serious illness, grief following the death of a loved one, or divorce.
Whether you find yourself struggling to cope with the sudden demands of major life changes or challenges related to chronic mental health issues, making the decision to seek help can be difficult and confusing. I have a small, private practice where I provide counseling and assessment services to individuals presenting with a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as emotional challenges related to serious illness, grief following the death of a loved one, or divorce.
(804) 375-4743 View (804) 375-4743
Photo of Mary Kay Rose, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Kay Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
Hello! My name is Mary Kay Rose and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I believe that counseling offers a safe space to explore concerns, challenges, hopes and specific intentions and desires you may have for your life. I look forward to the privilege of connecting with you and together, creating a relationship that will support you in being present in your life and relationships and moving forward in ways that you desire.
Hello! My name is Mary Kay Rose and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I believe that counseling offers a safe space to explore concerns, challenges, hopes and specific intentions and desires you may have for your life. I look forward to the privilege of connecting with you and together, creating a relationship that will support you in being present in your life and relationships and moving forward in ways that you desire.
(757) 798-8403 View (757) 798-8403
Photo of Cynthia Holshoe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Holshoe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
White Stone, VA 22578
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
(804) 294-2696 View (804) 294-2696
Photo of Annalee Heneghan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annalee Heneghan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, VA 22480
I work with teens and adults (13+). I work with individuals of all races, ethnicities, spiritual identities, and am LGBTQ+ affirming. I intentionally keep my private practice small because I want to be able to provide the best care for my clients. This means I am often unable to take clients that do not fit within my scope of expertise. I will not be a good fit for you if: 1)You have actively engaged in self-harm or suicide attempts in the past year. 2) You are struggling with substance abuse or addiction. 3) You are engaged in ongoing court or legal system involvement.
I work with teens and adults (13+). I work with individuals of all races, ethnicities, spiritual identities, and am LGBTQ+ affirming. I intentionally keep my private practice small because I want to be able to provide the best care for my clients. This means I am often unable to take clients that do not fit within my scope of expertise. I will not be a good fit for you if: 1)You have actively engaged in self-harm or suicide attempts in the past year. 2) You are struggling with substance abuse or addiction. 3) You are engaged in ongoing court or legal system involvement.
(804) 587-7189 View (804) 587-7189
Photo of Tonia Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tonia Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
White Stone, VA 22578
Hello! My name is Tonia Taylor and I am a LCSW clinician in Virginia. I have over 27 years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults with mental health, substance use and/or addiction issues. I identify as a Cognitive Behavioral therapist and utilize Motivational Interviewing and Brief, Solution-Focused strategies to help my clients reach their therapy goal(s) within a reasonable timeframe. I work with clients to increase coping with depression, anxiety, anger, & other intense emotions, and help them make progress with increasing their motivation to address substance issues and addiction.
Hello! My name is Tonia Taylor and I am a LCSW clinician in Virginia. I have over 27 years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults with mental health, substance use and/or addiction issues. I identify as a Cognitive Behavioral therapist and utilize Motivational Interviewing and Brief, Solution-Focused strategies to help my clients reach their therapy goal(s) within a reasonable timeframe. I work with clients to increase coping with depression, anxiety, anger, & other intense emotions, and help them make progress with increasing their motivation to address substance issues and addiction.
(571) 609-3639 View (571) 609-3639
Photo of Edica Gonzalez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Edica Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
My name is Edica Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered; together, we determine the best intervention to support this journey. I treat a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, anger, self-esteem, and familial/relationship issues. I currently work with active duty military personnel, adults, and adolescents 16+. I am comfortable with treating clients with PTSD, complex trauma, relational issues, depression, anxiety, phobias, domestic violence/sexual assault survivors, anger, and self-esteem issues.
My name is Edica Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered; together, we determine the best intervention to support this journey. I treat a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, anger, self-esteem, and familial/relationship issues. I currently work with active duty military personnel, adults, and adolescents 16+. I am comfortable with treating clients with PTSD, complex trauma, relational issues, depression, anxiety, phobias, domestic violence/sexual assault survivors, anger, and self-esteem issues.
(757) 906-7014 View (757) 906-7014
Photo of Marina Read, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marina Read
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
Mrs. Read is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 10 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and individuals with diverse backgrounds. Marina specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and more. She is also dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Clinical Substance Abuse Counselor and is able to address mental health and substance use concerns as well. She obtained her degrees from UW-Whitewater and Concordia University.
Mrs. Read is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 10 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and individuals with diverse backgrounds. Marina specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and more. She is also dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Clinical Substance Abuse Counselor and is able to address mental health and substance use concerns as well. She obtained her degrees from UW-Whitewater and Concordia University.
(757) 919-3936 View (757) 919-3936
Photo of Robert Phillips, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
(804) 374-0740 View (804) 374-0740
Photo of Amelia Jacokes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amelia Jacokes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Weems, VA 22576
Do you want to learn more about yourself and how you walk through life? Do you experience difficulties in areas that others seem to have a relatively easy time managing? I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Virginia and California (license numbers: VA: 0904013582, CA: 99619). I spent my internship years working with dementia patients as well as gaining experience with the chronic pain population. By working in the intensive outpatient program environment,
Do you want to learn more about yourself and how you walk through life? Do you experience difficulties in areas that others seem to have a relatively easy time managing? I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Virginia and California (license numbers: VA: 0904013582, CA: 99619). I spent my internship years working with dementia patients as well as gaining experience with the chronic pain population. By working in the intensive outpatient program environment,
(757) 797-8934 View (757) 797-8934
Photo of Lisa McIntosh, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa McIntosh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irvington, VA 22480
My name is Lisa McIntosh, LPC License 0701008421. I have more than 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. My holistic approach focuses on the individual's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. I also focus on rapport building, goal setting, and implementing evidence-based treatment to help individuals and families identify and change their troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
My name is Lisa McIntosh, LPC License 0701008421. I have more than 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. My holistic approach focuses on the individual's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. I also focus on rapport building, goal setting, and implementing evidence-based treatment to help individuals and families identify and change their troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
(540) 264-9722 View (540) 264-9722
Photo of Edica Gonzalez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Edica Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, VA 22480
My name is Edica Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered; together, we determine the best intervention to support this journey. I treat a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, anger, self-esteem, and familial/relationship issues. I currently work with active duty military personnel, adults, and adolescents 16+. I am comfortable with treating clients with PTSD, complex trauma, relational issues, depression, anxiety, phobias, domestic violence/sexual assault survivors, anger, and self-esteem issues.
My name is Edica Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered; together, we determine the best intervention to support this journey. I treat a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, anger, self-esteem, and familial/relationship issues. I currently work with active duty military personnel, adults, and adolescents 16+. I am comfortable with treating clients with PTSD, complex trauma, relational issues, depression, anxiety, phobias, domestic violence/sexual assault survivors, anger, and self-esteem issues.
(804) 626-5488 View (804) 626-5488
Photo of Jane Fetterolf-Griffin, MS, AACC, CCM, Pastoral Counselor
Jane Fetterolf-Griffin
Pastoral Counselor, MS, AACC, CCM
Verified Verified
Lancaster, VA 22503
Are you someone who is facing a time of depression, anxiety, or confusion of some kind due to recent transition or crisis. Major disappointment over a setback in a relationship or job situation? Is it a family situation that needs to be resolved? Also available is Family Mediation - we can help you with custody, divorce, elder and other conflicts. We are here to help you. Whatever you are facing...it's time for you to talk this out, get insight and wisdom towards for the conflict to end. God is able to do above and beyond what is imagined. Please call today.
Are you someone who is facing a time of depression, anxiety, or confusion of some kind due to recent transition or crisis. Major disappointment over a setback in a relationship or job situation? Is it a family situation that needs to be resolved? Also available is Family Mediation - we can help you with custody, divorce, elder and other conflicts. We are here to help you. Whatever you are facing...it's time for you to talk this out, get insight and wisdom towards for the conflict to end. God is able to do above and beyond what is imagined. Please call today.
(267) 416-5566 View (267) 416-5566

Online Therapists

Photo of Eunice H McNair, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eunice H McNair
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Tomorrow is a new day and no one knows exactly what will happen next. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I would like to assist you in navigating the mysteries of life. My primary focus is assisting individuals, couples, and families through challenges that they may face from day to day. Whatever your culture, ethnicity, or social economic background, LIFE happens to us all. Together we can cultivate a supportive environment with sensitivity and compassion to conquer life's uncertainties. It is my belief that the mind is a gift from God, and is the gateway to the soul.
Tomorrow is a new day and no one knows exactly what will happen next. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I would like to assist you in navigating the mysteries of life. My primary focus is assisting individuals, couples, and families through challenges that they may face from day to day. Whatever your culture, ethnicity, or social economic background, LIFE happens to us all. Together we can cultivate a supportive environment with sensitivity and compassion to conquer life's uncertainties. It is my belief that the mind is a gift from God, and is the gateway to the soul.
(757) 932-2892 View (757) 932-2892
Photo of Richelle Smallwood, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richelle Smallwood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Welcome! If you're seeking compassionate support and guidance to improve your mental well-being, you're in the right place. Whether you're struggling with self-esteem issues, trauma, or navigating life's challenges, you're ready to embark on a journey towards healing and resilience. Your goal is to foster a deeper understanding of yourself and build a sense of self-worth, and you're eager to work with a dedicated and compassionate professional who prioritizes your well-being.
Welcome! If you're seeking compassionate support and guidance to improve your mental well-being, you're in the right place. Whether you're struggling with self-esteem issues, trauma, or navigating life's challenges, you're ready to embark on a journey towards healing and resilience. Your goal is to foster a deeper understanding of yourself and build a sense of self-worth, and you're eager to work with a dedicated and compassionate professional who prioritizes your well-being.
(571) 459-7872 View (571) 459-7872

See more therapy options for Lancaster County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lancaster County, VA

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Lancaster County, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
94% Anxiety
83% Coping Skills
72% Grief
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions
61% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Anthem | Elevance
93% BlueCross and BlueShield
93% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lancaster County, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lancaster County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.