Therapists in Ladysmith, VA

Photo of Antonio O Clinkscales - Life Way Services, LLC, MDiv
Life Way Services, LLC
MDiv
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ladysmith, VA 22501
Life Way Services are the "go-the-extra-mile" team that will walk with you and encourage you the entire way to wholeness. Our mission is to provide youth and adults with compassionate mental and emotional health services that will aid clients in their transition towards wholeness through preventative, interventions, and educational practices.
Life Way Services are the "go-the-extra-mile" team that will walk with you and encourage you the entire way to wholeness. Our mission is to provide youth and adults with compassionate mental and emotional health services that will aid clients in their transition towards wholeness through preventative, interventions, and educational practices.
(804) 373-2705 View (804) 373-2705
Photo of Crystal Driggs, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Driggs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Ladysmith, VA 22501
I help children, adolescents, and teens who are having difficulty managing emotions, struggling with behavior, and/or going through changes in the home. I believe that children can not only communicate issues through play but also learn new skills the best when play therapy techniques are intertwined within their therapy experience. Many adolescents and teens benefit from a neutral sounding board that can provide support and new perspectives.
I help children, adolescents, and teens who are having difficulty managing emotions, struggling with behavior, and/or going through changes in the home. I believe that children can not only communicate issues through play but also learn new skills the best when play therapy techniques are intertwined within their therapy experience. Many adolescents and teens benefit from a neutral sounding board that can provide support and new perspectives.
(804) 485-2630 View (804) 485-2630

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Alexandra Chamberlain, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Chamberlain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
Hi, I’m Alexandra (she/her/hers) and I go by Alex. I am a supervisee in social work and I completed my masters of social work at Virginia Commonwealth University. I work with individuals ages 18 and up and my areas of practice include women’s health (including maternal mental health), anxiety disorders, depression, chronic health-related stress, grief, trauma, substance use disorders and life transitions. I enjoy helping clients explore connections between their family of origin (the family you grew up in) and their current relationships.
Hi, I’m Alexandra (she/her/hers) and I go by Alex. I am a supervisee in social work and I completed my masters of social work at Virginia Commonwealth University. I work with individuals ages 18 and up and my areas of practice include women’s health (including maternal mental health), anxiety disorders, depression, chronic health-related stress, grief, trauma, substance use disorders and life transitions. I enjoy helping clients explore connections between their family of origin (the family you grew up in) and their current relationships.
(804) 538-4634 View (804) 538-4634
Photo of Sharlene Hamilton - Cardinal Family Counseling, PLLC, LPC, NCC, CCHMC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cardinal Family Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCHMC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
Cardinal Family Counseling is a team of experienced Licensed Counselors and Residents in Counseling providing therapy to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We help clients address anxiety, depression, relationship/marital difficulties, grief & loss difficulties, parental separation/divorce, trauma/PTSD, social phobias, peer relationship and social skills difficulties, and behavioral Issues. We use a variety of techniques to include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy techniques to guide clients through their difficulties.
Cardinal Family Counseling is a team of experienced Licensed Counselors and Residents in Counseling providing therapy to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We help clients address anxiety, depression, relationship/marital difficulties, grief & loss difficulties, parental separation/divorce, trauma/PTSD, social phobias, peer relationship and social skills difficulties, and behavioral Issues. We use a variety of techniques to include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy techniques to guide clients through their difficulties.
(804) 294-4310 View (804) 294-4310
Photo of Erin Janovec, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Janovec
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Woodford, VA 22580
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
(804) 373-2360 View (804) 373-2360
Photo of Michelle Patton Swisher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Patton Swisher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546  (Online Only)
Life can take many turns along the way. I am here to help navigate the way and assist with techniques for personal and professional growth. Depression, anxiety, work and family relationships and dynamics of everyday life are areas that can hinder our authentic self. I will help you explore ways for positive growth in all areas of your life. Do not let roadblocks of self doubt, mental health drain, and relationship woes keep that from you. Call me today for a consultation to discuss ways to get you to the other side.
Life can take many turns along the way. I am here to help navigate the way and assist with techniques for personal and professional growth. Depression, anxiety, work and family relationships and dynamics of everyday life are areas that can hinder our authentic self. I will help you explore ways for positive growth in all areas of your life. Do not let roadblocks of self doubt, mental health drain, and relationship woes keep that from you. Call me today for a consultation to discuss ways to get you to the other side.
(540) 802-4235 View (540) 802-4235
Photo of Shela White - The Safe Space Therapeutic Services, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Safe Space Therapeutic Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Ruther Glen, VA 22546  (Online Only)
The Safe Space Therapeutic Services is a private practice that specialize in providing individual therapy, teen counseling, and family support services. She’la White is the founder and is a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience working with children and families through assessment and intervention programs.  Shela’s goal is to help you achieve a full, vital, and meaningful life. As challenges occur, life becomes stressful and it can be difficult to feel balanced and in control. She believes in empowering individuals and families by using evidence-based treatments.
The Safe Space Therapeutic Services is a private practice that specialize in providing individual therapy, teen counseling, and family support services. She’la White is the founder and is a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience working with children and families through assessment and intervention programs.  Shela’s goal is to help you achieve a full, vital, and meaningful life. As challenges occur, life becomes stressful and it can be difficult to feel balanced and in control. She believes in empowering individuals and families by using evidence-based treatments.
(540) 210-1590 View (540) 210-1590
Photo of Ann Benner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Benner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Woodford, VA 22580
I am Ann Bohr Benner, LCSW. I like to work with adults of all ages who are dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and/or grief. We start with and come back to client goals. I think holistically about people who are in distress. Sleep, diet, relaxation, exercise, social support, and spiritual life all can contribute to change. Then self-awareness, insight, and intentional behavior change are important. I endeavor to create a safe space in which each person can be exactly where they are, and eventually, the natural inclination to heal and grow can flourish.
I am Ann Bohr Benner, LCSW. I like to work with adults of all ages who are dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and/or grief. We start with and come back to client goals. I think holistically about people who are in distress. Sleep, diet, relaxation, exercise, social support, and spiritual life all can contribute to change. Then self-awareness, insight, and intentional behavior change are important. I endeavor to create a safe space in which each person can be exactly where they are, and eventually, the natural inclination to heal and grow can flourish.
(540) 210-1187 View (540) 210-1187
Photo of Brian S Vaughan, LPC, CSAT, CSOTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brian S Vaughan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
Are you struggling with problematic sexual behaviors? Do you think you are addicted to porn? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices back to healthy sexuality.
Are you struggling with problematic sexual behaviors? Do you think you are addicted to porn? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices back to healthy sexuality.
(540) 390-1632 View (540) 390-1632
Photo of Joyce Catherine Corbin Moya - Hozho Behavioral Health & Life Coaching Services, LCSW, MSS, MLSP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hozho Behavioral Health & Life Coaching Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSS, MLSP
Verified Verified
Bowling Green, VA 22427
Not accepting new clients
My target market are Men and Women, ages 14-99, Military and Civilian. I enjoy working with African-American and Latino American women. As an LCSW with over 20 years experience, I have a plethora of experience counseling clients on issues such as anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, self-esteem, relational conflict, etc. I use words life "Different" not "Disorder" when speaking to my clients. Different is not disorder. Emotional pain is not disorder. These are aspects of being human. I describe human experience in all its variety by trying to help those who are suffering and helping them work through their pain without stigma.
My target market are Men and Women, ages 14-99, Military and Civilian. I enjoy working with African-American and Latino American women. As an LCSW with over 20 years experience, I have a plethora of experience counseling clients on issues such as anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, self-esteem, relational conflict, etc. I use words life "Different" not "Disorder" when speaking to my clients. Different is not disorder. Emotional pain is not disorder. These are aspects of being human. I describe human experience in all its variety by trying to help those who are suffering and helping them work through their pain without stigma.
(540) 405-6525 View (540) 405-6525
Photo of Sarah McClelland - Counseling Services of Virginia, LCSW, LPC, OT, CALT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Counseling Services of Virginia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, OT, CALT
Verified Verified
Bowling Green, VA 22427
Have your negative thoughts taken over? Have you been feeling sad or stressed while trying to keep it all together? Struggling with motivation? Are your relationships distant or full of conflict? Have you been feeling disconnected from those around you? Wanting to talk with someone but not knowing with whom, or how? Asking for help can be hard! Seeking therapy requires a great deal of strength and commitment and you have taken a great first step. We are going to guide you the rest of the way.
Have your negative thoughts taken over? Have you been feeling sad or stressed while trying to keep it all together? Struggling with motivation? Are your relationships distant or full of conflict? Have you been feeling disconnected from those around you? Wanting to talk with someone but not knowing with whom, or how? Asking for help can be hard! Seeking therapy requires a great deal of strength and commitment and you have taken a great first step. We are going to guide you the rest of the way.
(540) 699-1767 View (540) 699-1767
Photo of Shante Toliver - Rivers Bend Clinicals, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rivers Bend Clinicals, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
Our clients require training and education on ways to improving coping mechanisms when living with a mental health illness/diagnosis. We train, monitor, and educate clients on skills development for living independently. We teach clients about their psychotropic medication and ensure medication management. We connect and educate clients to and about community resources. We also demonstrate, train, and model self-advocacy skills to our clients. Our clients may have treatment history that includes substance abuse or doctor's recommendation.
Our clients require training and education on ways to improving coping mechanisms when living with a mental health illness/diagnosis. We train, monitor, and educate clients on skills development for living independently. We teach clients about their psychotropic medication and ensure medication management. We connect and educate clients to and about community resources. We also demonstrate, train, and model self-advocacy skills to our clients. Our clients may have treatment history that includes substance abuse or doctor's recommendation.
(804) 294-3695 View (804) 294-3695
Photo of Elena M. Morales, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elena M. Morales
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My name is Elena and I'm currently working toward licensure as an LPC under the supervision of Dr. Catherine Smith EdD, LPC-S at Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Services, LLC. I'm here to support you on your personal journey whether you are coping with anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, or are in need of support.
My name is Elena and I'm currently working toward licensure as an LPC under the supervision of Dr. Catherine Smith EdD, LPC-S at Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Services, LLC. I'm here to support you on your personal journey whether you are coping with anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, or are in need of support.
(540) 253-1476 View (540) 253-1476
Photo of Ederis Martinez-Cunion - Your Path Counseling Center, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Your Path Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
We work with children, adolescents, adults and families struggling with various challenges including depression, anxiety, grief, self-confidence, trauma and addictions in a variety of settings.
We work with children, adolescents, adults and families struggling with various challenges including depression, anxiety, grief, self-confidence, trauma and addictions in a variety of settings.
(804) 299-4643 View (804) 299-4643
Photo of Melissa Roberts, LPC, MS, MT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546  (Online Only)
Have you wished you could talk to someone who is nonjudgmental and empathetic? I look forward to being 'that someone" for you. Have you wished you could seek therapy but were unable to do so due to the commute, lack of time, feeling uncomfortable, needing a babysitter or other ailments? I am pleased to have the opportunity to provide telehealth therapy ensuring accessibility and comfort and safety from your home. Request an appointment today. Together, we can persevere.
Have you wished you could talk to someone who is nonjudgmental and empathetic? I look forward to being 'that someone" for you. Have you wished you could seek therapy but were unable to do so due to the commute, lack of time, feeling uncomfortable, needing a babysitter or other ailments? I am pleased to have the opportunity to provide telehealth therapy ensuring accessibility and comfort and safety from your home. Request an appointment today. Together, we can persevere.
(804) 408-4572 View (804) 408-4572
Photo of Larry J Colby, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Larry J Colby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Ruther Glen, VA 22546  (Online Only)
Stress can come into our lives at the most unexpected and inconvenient times. We may try to deny the effects of stress in our lives until it becomes overbearing. When this happens, we tend to have developed behaviors that become more damaging than they are helpful – these are maladaptive behaviors. It can be hard to pick up the pieces and begin rebuilding our lives. Our thoughts and actions can get in our way. We can get stuck with our unhelpful actions and need help learning how to replace these behaviors.
Stress can come into our lives at the most unexpected and inconvenient times. We may try to deny the effects of stress in our lives until it becomes overbearing. When this happens, we tend to have developed behaviors that become more damaging than they are helpful – these are maladaptive behaviors. It can be hard to pick up the pieces and begin rebuilding our lives. Our thoughts and actions can get in our way. We can get stuck with our unhelpful actions and need help learning how to replace these behaviors.
(540) 329-3476 View (540) 329-3476
Photo of Grace Johnson, MA
Grace Johnson
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
Having been on the other side of the chair, I want to you know that the healing process is in your capable hands. This is a challenge but you have everything you need to thrive already with you. Let me be there to reflect, hold space, encourage, and guide you to higher levels of awareness. Together we can create a treatment plan to support the navigation of your emotions, symptoms, communications, and the systems you are a part of. I am formerly a PreK-5 educator and I bring direct, creative, effervescent, nurturing, and bright energy to sessions.
Having been on the other side of the chair, I want to you know that the healing process is in your capable hands. This is a challenge but you have everything you need to thrive already with you. Let me be there to reflect, hold space, encourage, and guide you to higher levels of awareness. Together we can create a treatment plan to support the navigation of your emotions, symptoms, communications, and the systems you are a part of. I am formerly a PreK-5 educator and I bring direct, creative, effervescent, nurturing, and bright energy to sessions.
(804) 676-6473 View (804) 676-6473
Photo of Sharlene Hamilton, LPC, NCC, CCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sharlene Hamilton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Ruther Glen, VA 22546
I provide therapy, insight, and support to children and their parents, teens, adults, couples, and families. I use a variety of techniques based in sound theory to include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy to guide clients through their challenges. In sessions clients address anxiety, depression, relationship/marital difficulties, grief & loss difficulties, parental separation/divorce, trauma/PTSD, suicidal ideation/self-harm, social phobias, peer relationship and social skills difficulties, ADHD, and other behavioral Issues.
I provide therapy, insight, and support to children and their parents, teens, adults, couples, and families. I use a variety of techniques based in sound theory to include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy to guide clients through their challenges. In sessions clients address anxiety, depression, relationship/marital difficulties, grief & loss difficulties, parental separation/divorce, trauma/PTSD, suicidal ideation/self-harm, social phobias, peer relationship and social skills difficulties, ADHD, and other behavioral Issues.
(703) 291-3681 View (703) 291-3681
Photo of Sherry Bowman McClanahan, MA, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sherry Bowman McClanahan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Beaverdam, VA 23015  (Online Only)
I believe that each one of us has unique life circumstances and that the counseling process should meet your specific needs. My style is welcoming, straightforward and compassionate. My focus is on identifying your strengths and helping you to recognize your potential. I employ a client-centered approach in a collaborative effort with you to foster hope and the positive change that you desire. I utilize an eclectic evidence based modality tailored to your individual needs. I work with individual adults. Sat and Sun appts available. I can schedule you within a week. Telehealth only.
I believe that each one of us has unique life circumstances and that the counseling process should meet your specific needs. My style is welcoming, straightforward and compassionate. My focus is on identifying your strengths and helping you to recognize your potential. I employ a client-centered approach in a collaborative effort with you to foster hope and the positive change that you desire. I utilize an eclectic evidence based modality tailored to your individual needs. I work with individual adults. Sat and Sun appts available. I can schedule you within a week. Telehealth only.
(804) 445-2047 View (804) 445-2047

Online Therapists

Photo of Derek Henderson, MA, NCSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Derek Henderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCSP
Verified Verified
Falls Church, VA 22046
At Think Happy Live Healthy, I provide individual psychotherapy to children (age 6 and over), adolescents, and young adults. My approach is primarily solution focused and incorporates positive psychology practices and principles. I also incorporate other approaches such as CBT (Cognitive Behavorial Therapy), Motivational Interviewing, and Mindfulness. When working with clients, I focus on skill development compared to viewing behavior as a deficit or weakness. I believe strongly in working collaboratively with parents to help reinforce skills and in establishing a strong therapeutic relationship.
At Think Happy Live Healthy, I provide individual psychotherapy to children (age 6 and over), adolescents, and young adults. My approach is primarily solution focused and incorporates positive psychology practices and principles. I also incorporate other approaches such as CBT (Cognitive Behavorial Therapy), Motivational Interviewing, and Mindfulness. When working with clients, I focus on skill development compared to viewing behavior as a deficit or weakness. I believe strongly in working collaboratively with parents to help reinforce skills and in establishing a strong therapeutic relationship.
(571) 556-3187 View (571) 556-3187

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ladysmith, VA

< 10

Therapists in Ladysmith, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Child
100% ADHD
100% Parenting
100% Anger Management
100% School Issues
100% Behavioral Issues

Average years in practice

4 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% HealthKeepers
50% Aetna
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Ladysmith, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ladysmith?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.