Therapists in Culpeper County, VA

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Photo of Adam Doane - Adam Doane, LCSW, Child / Family Counseling, PLLC, LCSW, CSOTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Doane, LCSW, Child / Family Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with children, adolescents and families for nearly 15 years. I bring a trusting, unique, personal approach to focus on individuals, families, couples, school-based, community-based needs. I look forward to working with you through your journey to wellness.
I have worked with children, adolescents and families for nearly 15 years. I bring a trusting, unique, personal approach to focus on individuals, families, couples, school-based, community-based needs. I look forward to working with you through your journey to wellness.
(540) 274-1162 View (540) 274-1162
Photo of Matthew Hilley - Applied Behavior Analysts, PLLC, MEd, BCBA, LBA
Applied Behavior Analysts, PLLC
MEd, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
Eventually, I will accept most insurances (including Virginia Medicaid), but I do not at this time. My one-on-one behavioral therapy sessions are tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual diagnosed with autism through individualized assessments. I utilize only evidence-based practices that been rigorously tested and proven to work to promote positive behavior change and increased social communication skills. I also offer parent training/coaching services to empower and educate parents on effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors and promoting skill development in their children with autism.
Eventually, I will accept most insurances (including Virginia Medicaid), but I do not at this time. My one-on-one behavioral therapy sessions are tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual diagnosed with autism through individualized assessments. I utilize only evidence-based practices that been rigorously tested and proven to work to promote positive behavior change and increased social communication skills. I also offer parent training/coaching services to empower and educate parents on effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors and promoting skill development in their children with autism.
(540) 783-6495 View (540) 783-6495
Photo of James Partch
James Partch
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
Rixeyville, VA 22737  (Online Only)
My ideal client is one who is striving and choosing to do the work necessary to effectively change and move forward. It takes courage to take the first step in reaching out for support. Let’s work together to ease your burden and to realize your full potential! I am here to listen, to guide, and to allow my clients to follow their path to stability and serenity. For some that path may be short and easy to navigate. While for others it may be a journey that will take some time...but we will get there together.
My ideal client is one who is striving and choosing to do the work necessary to effectively change and move forward. It takes courage to take the first step in reaching out for support. Let’s work together to ease your burden and to realize your full potential! I am here to listen, to guide, and to allow my clients to follow their path to stability and serenity. For some that path may be short and easy to navigate. While for others it may be a journey that will take some time...but we will get there together.
(540) 328-9538 View (540) 328-9538
Photo of Marsha McLean, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marsha McLean
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
About Hello, I am a therapist in Virginia, and I assist people who are dealing with complex life challenges. Seeking a compassionate listener who understands your unique story? Struggling with anxiety, depression, or other challenges? Yearning for a therapist who offers kindness, humor, and creative approaches to healing? Let's work together to rewrite your narrative and create a brighter future.
About Hello, I am a therapist in Virginia, and I assist people who are dealing with complex life challenges. Seeking a compassionate listener who understands your unique story? Struggling with anxiety, depression, or other challenges? Yearning for a therapist who offers kindness, humor, and creative approaches to healing? Let's work together to rewrite your narrative and create a brighter future.
(757) 654-5694 View (757) 654-5694
Photo of Brittany Jenkins - Brittany M Jenkins, LPC, PLCC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany M Jenkins, LPC, PLCC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701
I encourage clients to take the lead on what they would like to discuss in therapy. I love working with juniors-seniors in high school as they are navigating their next steps as well as college students who need a listening ear. I also love working with adult women as they navigate their own mental health concerns as well as problems in their relationship, work, family, friendships etc. I have recently developed an interest in the last year of working with prenatal, postnatal and perinatal women after the birth of my daughter years ago. I know how difficult this process is and empathize with how long it takes to feel "normal" again.
I encourage clients to take the lead on what they would like to discuss in therapy. I love working with juniors-seniors in high school as they are navigating their next steps as well as college students who need a listening ear. I also love working with adult women as they navigate their own mental health concerns as well as problems in their relationship, work, family, friendships etc. I have recently developed an interest in the last year of working with prenatal, postnatal and perinatal women after the birth of my daughter years ago. I know how difficult this process is and empathize with how long it takes to feel "normal" again.
(540) 253-1592 View (540) 253-1592
Photo of Robert D Fai - Pederec INC, PhD, BCBA, LBA
Pederec INC
PhD, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
PEDEREC INC. is an ABA Therapy and Consultancy Services company that works with families to meet families’ needs by providing practical ABA therapy services for children diagnosed with autism and related disorders. Pederec Inc. strives to improve lives, one family at a time. Our services are tailored to safeguard each family’s needs, considering both cultural and ethnic values. In addition, Pederec Inc. facilitates community engagement and empowers those impacted by ASD to become independent, supported, and contributing members of their communities.
PEDEREC INC. is an ABA Therapy and Consultancy Services company that works with families to meet families’ needs by providing practical ABA therapy services for children diagnosed with autism and related disorders. Pederec Inc. strives to improve lives, one family at a time. Our services are tailored to safeguard each family’s needs, considering both cultural and ethnic values. In addition, Pederec Inc. facilitates community engagement and empowers those impacted by ASD to become independent, supported, and contributing members of their communities.
(540) 202-1397 View (540) 202-1397
Photo of Amy Carter, Counselor
Amy Carter
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
I welcome clients with a wide range of needs and goals. I can assist individuals and couples presenting with a variety of concerns, such as: ADHD, addiction, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, relationship conflicts, and trauma related disorders. I offer services in the evenings and weekends to accommodate those needing a more flexible schedule.
I welcome clients with a wide range of needs and goals. I can assist individuals and couples presenting with a variety of concerns, such as: ADHD, addiction, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, relationship conflicts, and trauma related disorders. I offer services in the evenings and weekends to accommodate those needing a more flexible schedule.
(540) 452-9627 View (540) 452-9627
Photo of Lisa Haynes, QMHP-C, QMHP-A
Lisa Haynes
QMHP-C, QMHP-A
Verified Verified
Rixeyville, VA 22737  (Online Only)
I believe in a trusting, consistent and authentic therapeutic relationship that is at the center of healing, Everyone has the ability to gain compassion for themselves and a greater capacity to cope with life's challenges. I am here to help you cultivate growth, restoration and positive change. I provide individual mental health services as well as work as part of a treatment team for adults, children and families, helping them work through their functional issues.
I believe in a trusting, consistent and authentic therapeutic relationship that is at the center of healing, Everyone has the ability to gain compassion for themselves and a greater capacity to cope with life's challenges. I am here to help you cultivate growth, restoration and positive change. I provide individual mental health services as well as work as part of a treatment team for adults, children and families, helping them work through their functional issues.
(540) 579-5947 View (540) 579-5947
Photo of Tara Elizabeth Higgins - Horse and Soul Counseling , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Horse and Soul Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701
We believe it takes small steps to work towards improving your quality of life. We specialize in working with children, adolescents, teens, adults, and families. We are an advocate for family counseling and often find this essential when completing goals towards a positive mental health. We believe counseling is short-term where your family relationships are forever. We offer traditional talk therapy services and animal assisted counseling services. Most of our participants enjoy integrating the horses into counseling sessions while others prefer the comfort of our office on site.
We believe it takes small steps to work towards improving your quality of life. We specialize in working with children, adolescents, teens, adults, and families. We are an advocate for family counseling and often find this essential when completing goals towards a positive mental health. We believe counseling is short-term where your family relationships are forever. We offer traditional talk therapy services and animal assisted counseling services. Most of our participants enjoy integrating the horses into counseling sessions while others prefer the comfort of our office on site.
(540) 212-6176 View (540) 212-6176
Photo of MacKenzie Dressing - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
(540) 501-7751 View (540) 501-7751
Photo of Daniel L. Price, PsyD, Psychologist
Daniel L. Price
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
Psychotherapy helps people achieve what they want in their lives by mobilizing their energy in a positive way and problem solving the things that stand in their way. Emotional issues from the past can be worked through to happier healthier functioning. Improved mood and functioning without anxiety can be achieved.
Psychotherapy helps people achieve what they want in their lives by mobilizing their energy in a positive way and problem solving the things that stand in their way. Emotional issues from the past can be worked through to happier healthier functioning. Improved mood and functioning without anxiety can be achieved.
(540) 986-4459 View (540) 986-4459
Photo of Gianna Giuoco, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gianna Giuoco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
Life can present challenges that weigh you down and halt your progress. You may be dealing with a range of emotions like anxiety, fear, irrational thoughts, chronic pain, or low self-esteem that feel overwhelming and overpowering. These negative feelings might be complicating your ability to navigate life. If you're going through difficult life changes or transitions, you might need support to assist you on your journey. Counseling can offer the hope, strength, and courage necessary to inspire you to move in the right direction and achieve harmony in your life.
Life can present challenges that weigh you down and halt your progress. You may be dealing with a range of emotions like anxiety, fear, irrational thoughts, chronic pain, or low self-esteem that feel overwhelming and overpowering. These negative feelings might be complicating your ability to navigate life. If you're going through difficult life changes or transitions, you might need support to assist you on your journey. Counseling can offer the hope, strength, and courage necessary to inspire you to move in the right direction and achieve harmony in your life.
(703) 691-5052 View (703) 691-5052
Photo of Rachel Doane, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Doane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
We would probably all like to be living our best life but many of us can’t quite figure out how to make that happen. Maybe we find ourselves stuck in unhealthy patterns of communicating and we don't know how to change. We might have personal goals we are trying to reach but just can seem to make them happen. Perhaps we have trauma that we need to resolve that has left an impact on our day-to-day functioning. Maybe we are looking for connection with others but continue feeling disconnected and unfulfilled by our personal relationships. It is possible to experience satisfaction and fulfillment in our daily lives.
We would probably all like to be living our best life but many of us can’t quite figure out how to make that happen. Maybe we find ourselves stuck in unhealthy patterns of communicating and we don't know how to change. We might have personal goals we are trying to reach but just can seem to make them happen. Perhaps we have trauma that we need to resolve that has left an impact on our day-to-day functioning. Maybe we are looking for connection with others but continue feeling disconnected and unfulfilled by our personal relationships. It is possible to experience satisfaction and fulfillment in our daily lives.
(540) 792-4022 View (540) 792-4022
Photo of Cynthia R. M. Rafala, LPC, LMFT, Counselor
Cynthia R. M. Rafala
Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
I have 25 plus years providing tailored, individualized services in a small private office, focused on helping clients find their most healthy, creative, and positive selves. This includes the clinical assessment and treatment of myriad challenges/diagnoses, both personally and relationally. I have positive working relationships with numerous community resources. My clinical style is informed by training and experience in person centered, interpersonal, cognitive behavioral, acceptance and commitment therapy, elements of internal family systems work, systematic desensitization, and concepts in neuropsychotherapy.
I have 25 plus years providing tailored, individualized services in a small private office, focused on helping clients find their most healthy, creative, and positive selves. This includes the clinical assessment and treatment of myriad challenges/diagnoses, both personally and relationally. I have positive working relationships with numerous community resources. My clinical style is informed by training and experience in person centered, interpersonal, cognitive behavioral, acceptance and commitment therapy, elements of internal family systems work, systematic desensitization, and concepts in neuropsychotherapy.
(540) 384-4631 View (540) 384-4631
Photo of Ian Masson, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ian Masson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701
Do you lack a sense of meaning in life? Do wounds or hurts from past or current experiences leave you feeling depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed? If so, you are not alone! My name is Ian, and I have practiced as a licensed professional counselor since 2016. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families and helping them to experience growth and healing in their lives. Whether you are experiencing life stressors, relationship trouble, or are seeking growth, I collaborate with you to identify what hasn't been working. Together, we can address internal or relational factors preventing you from living a more fulfilling life!
Do you lack a sense of meaning in life? Do wounds or hurts from past or current experiences leave you feeling depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed? If so, you are not alone! My name is Ian, and I have practiced as a licensed professional counselor since 2016. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families and helping them to experience growth and healing in their lives. Whether you are experiencing life stressors, relationship trouble, or are seeking growth, I collaborate with you to identify what hasn't been working. Together, we can address internal or relational factors preventing you from living a more fulfilling life!
(703) 686-8246 View (703) 686-8246
Photo of Kris Marowski, LPC, ACS, RPT-S™, CAAPT®, CCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kris Marowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ACS, RPT-S™, CAAPT®, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
Being a parent can be tough, especially when your child is struggling with anxiety, challenging behaviors, school-related issues, depression, or traumatic experiences. Knowing what to do and how best to help is hard. Your commitment to caring for your child is commendable! You have recognized your child's need for assistance and are taking the necessary steps to ensure that they receive the help they require. Your actions demonstrate compassion and courage. You should be proud of yourself for being there for your child when they need you the most.
Being a parent can be tough, especially when your child is struggling with anxiety, challenging behaviors, school-related issues, depression, or traumatic experiences. Knowing what to do and how best to help is hard. Your commitment to caring for your child is commendable! You have recognized your child's need for assistance and are taking the necessary steps to ensure that they receive the help they require. Your actions demonstrate compassion and courage. You should be proud of yourself for being there for your child when they need you the most.
(540) 827-4376 View (540) 827-4376
Photo of Dominique Leon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dominique Leon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
Has everyday become a challenge and exhausting? Is it a struggle to get started each morning or do you have a sense of worry and fear when trying to do everyday tasks? I understand what you or your child is experiencing. You have constant stress or worry or your child is avoidant or having tantrums that are difficult to manage. Maybe you or your child are frustrated easily, feel tense and have an overwhelming sense of exhaustion. I can help you or your child learn new tools to find lasting relief and confidence again. Together we will figure out why this is happening and how to navigate these challenges successfully.
Has everyday become a challenge and exhausting? Is it a struggle to get started each morning or do you have a sense of worry and fear when trying to do everyday tasks? I understand what you or your child is experiencing. You have constant stress or worry or your child is avoidant or having tantrums that are difficult to manage. Maybe you or your child are frustrated easily, feel tense and have an overwhelming sense of exhaustion. I can help you or your child learn new tools to find lasting relief and confidence again. Together we will figure out why this is happening and how to navigate these challenges successfully.
(540) 530-3341 View (540) 530-3341
Photo of Andrea Gordon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Andi. Do you feel like you are thriving or are you just surviving? Are you looking to take the next steps to living a balanced life? Do you feel overwhelmed and you're possibly struggling with relationships, work, or your health? Is it time for change but you just don't know where to begin? Feel safe in starting here. Together, we can work to manage stress, anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms. You can have successes in your relationships and in your personal journey to living a happy and well balanced life. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Master's in Social Work from University of Maine.
Hi there, I'm Andi. Do you feel like you are thriving or are you just surviving? Are you looking to take the next steps to living a balanced life? Do you feel overwhelmed and you're possibly struggling with relationships, work, or your health? Is it time for change but you just don't know where to begin? Feel safe in starting here. Together, we can work to manage stress, anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms. You can have successes in your relationships and in your personal journey to living a happy and well balanced life. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Master's in Social Work from University of Maine.
(757) 801-3150 View (757) 801-3150
Photo of Bruce C. Wyman - Evergreen Behavioral Health, EdM , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Evergreen Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdM , LPC
Verified Verified
Rixeyville, VA 22737  (Online Only)
Evergreen Behavioral Health Services has been providing outpatient services to the community since 1974. We offer professional services provided by Licensed Professional Therapists and Residents in Counseling (working under supervision for licensure). We have locations in Virginia, United States, and Hong Kong, China. All of our services are available through the Telehealth format, utilizing Doxy.me and TherapyNotes. We now accept Medicare insurance!
Evergreen Behavioral Health Services has been providing outpatient services to the community since 1974. We offer professional services provided by Licensed Professional Therapists and Residents in Counseling (working under supervision for licensure). We have locations in Virginia, United States, and Hong Kong, China. All of our services are available through the Telehealth format, utilizing Doxy.me and TherapyNotes. We now accept Medicare insurance!
(540) 346-3206 View (540) 346-3206
Photo of Wendy Swenson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Swenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Culpeper, VA 22701
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. We sometimes need to seek help, and that takes courage. Seeking help, guidance, education, and information can be helpful. At times we need to explore our beliefs and see the connection to our past and present. Being willing to look at ourselves is brave and can make all the difference in our lives. Many things come our way, and we can suffer, struggle, or feel lost. Sometimes we find emotions and symptoms we are unable to deal with, including anxiety, depression, grief of various types, and life transitions that may awaken us to our need to get some help. Listen to yourself and find what you need. There is hope and help.
Welcome. We sometimes need to seek help, and that takes courage. Seeking help, guidance, education, and information can be helpful. At times we need to explore our beliefs and see the connection to our past and present. Being willing to look at ourselves is brave and can make all the difference in our lives. Many things come our way, and we can suffer, struggle, or feel lost. Sometimes we find emotions and symptoms we are unable to deal with, including anxiety, depression, grief of various types, and life transitions that may awaken us to our need to get some help. Listen to yourself and find what you need. There is hope and help.
(540) 679-7475 View (540) 679-7475
1

See more therapy options for Culpeper County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Culpeper County, VA

90+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Culpeper County, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
71% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
59% Self Esteem
59% Life Transitions
58% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
80% Anthem
79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Culpeper County, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Culpeper County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.