Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in Concord, VA

Photo of Cassandra Johnson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cassandra Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
She utilizes multiple treatment approaches, including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and more.
Cassandra Johnson, preferably called Cassie, is an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse (LCSW, RN). She more than 20 years of experience in holistic care, combining clinical counseling and health care to practice. Cassie is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. She specializes in mood disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions.
She utilizes multiple treatment approaches, including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and more.
Cassandra Johnson, preferably called Cassie, is an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse (LCSW, RN). She more than 20 years of experience in holistic care, combining clinical counseling and health care to practice. Cassie is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. She specializes in mood disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions.
(434) 404-5061 View (434) 404-5061
Photo of Danielle Ott, Pre-Licensed Professional
Danielle Ott
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
Danielle approaches each client from both a cognitive behavioral and emotion-focused approach, believing that both thoughts and emotions are equal components to successful healing.
Danielle Ott is a Resident in Counseling in the state of Virginia and a Nationally Certified Counselor with the National Board of Certified Counselors. Danielle provides therapy and counseling to adults, teens, and couples who are seeking counseling for depression, anxiety, life transitions, self-esteem issues, and challenges regarding religion, spirituality, and the church. Danielle completed undergraduate degrees at Valencia College in Orlando, Florida, and Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. She also completed her Master of Arts in Professional Counseling at Liberty University where she graduated with distinction.
Danielle approaches each client from both a cognitive behavioral and emotion-focused approach, believing that both thoughts and emotions are equal components to successful healing.
Danielle Ott is a Resident in Counseling in the state of Virginia and a Nationally Certified Counselor with the National Board of Certified Counselors. Danielle provides therapy and counseling to adults, teens, and couples who are seeking counseling for depression, anxiety, life transitions, self-esteem issues, and challenges regarding religion, spirituality, and the church. Danielle completed undergraduate degrees at Valencia College in Orlando, Florida, and Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. She also completed her Master of Arts in Professional Counseling at Liberty University where she graduated with distinction.
(434) 602-6532 View (434) 602-6532
Photo of Ashly Bradley, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashly Bradley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
She utilizes cognitive-behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, solutions-focused therapy, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness-based techniques to offer personalized treatment.
Ashly Bradley is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia who has over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families in a variety of settings. Ashly has primarily provided services in school-based therapeutic programs to include therapeutic day treatment, school-based outpatient, group therapy, and individual therapy to provide support for ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, and life stressors.
She utilizes cognitive-behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, solutions-focused therapy, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness-based techniques to offer personalized treatment.
Ashly Bradley is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia who has over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families in a variety of settings. Ashly has primarily provided services in school-based therapeutic programs to include therapeutic day treatment, school-based outpatient, group therapy, and individual therapy to provide support for ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, and life stressors.
(434) 577-8236 View (434) 577-8236
Photo of Ruth Ware, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ruth Ware
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
Ruth utilizes collaborative, strengths-based, solution-focused, cognitive behavioral, mindfulness based and experiential approaches to therapy to assist clients to meet their treatment objectives.
Ruth Ware is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Virginia. She is also Board Certified in Telemental Health. Ruth has 25+ years of experience helping adults and those with issues related to depression, anxiety, life transitions, and addictions issues find their way back to the road of recovery and happiness. She completed her Bachelor of Science in Psychology at Oklahoma State University and received a Master of Human Relations from University of Oklahoma. She also has a Master of Business of Administration.
Ruth utilizes collaborative, strengths-based, solution-focused, cognitive behavioral, mindfulness based and experiential approaches to therapy to assist clients to meet their treatment objectives.
Ruth Ware is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Virginia. She is also Board Certified in Telemental Health. Ruth has 25+ years of experience helping adults and those with issues related to depression, anxiety, life transitions, and addictions issues find their way back to the road of recovery and happiness. She completed her Bachelor of Science in Psychology at Oklahoma State University and received a Master of Human Relations from University of Oklahoma. She also has a Master of Business of Administration.
(256) 223-9595 View (256) 223-9595
Photo of Kimberly Plourde, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Plourde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
Kimberly has been trained in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment as well as motivational interviewing skills.
Kimberly Plourde is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the states of Maine and Virginia with many years of experience in the fields of mental health and child welfare. We are all impacted by traumatic events or serious life stressors, which can make us stronger. Kimberly has a desire to help people find the strength and joy that can come through healing the wounds from those events. Kimberly enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families. She brings a warm and friendly approach to this very important process.
Kimberly has been trained in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment as well as motivational interviewing skills.
Kimberly Plourde is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the states of Maine and Virginia with many years of experience in the fields of mental health and child welfare. We are all impacted by traumatic events or serious life stressors, which can make us stronger. Kimberly has a desire to help people find the strength and joy that can come through healing the wounds from those events. Kimberly enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families. She brings a warm and friendly approach to this very important process.
(434) 602-6234 View (434) 602-6234
Photo of Pamela Pierce, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pamela Pierce
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
Her theoretical approach to counseling is integrative, utilizing person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, and reality therapy.
Pamela Pierce is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in treating anxiety, depression, anger, and behavioral issues in youth and adults. She has 9 years of experience working with at-risk adolescents and adults with severe mental illness in a behavioral health setting. Pamela has worked with individuals and couples in a private practice setting for 2 years. She has a passion for collaboratively assisting individuals working through their anxiety, depression, and anger. It is Pamela's experience that behavioral issues tend to stem from an underlying issue.
Her theoretical approach to counseling is integrative, utilizing person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, and reality therapy.
Pamela Pierce is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in treating anxiety, depression, anger, and behavioral issues in youth and adults. She has 9 years of experience working with at-risk adolescents and adults with severe mental illness in a behavioral health setting. Pamela has worked with individuals and couples in a private practice setting for 2 years. She has a passion for collaboratively assisting individuals working through their anxiety, depression, and anger. It is Pamela's experience that behavioral issues tend to stem from an underlying issue.
(434) 505-4907 View (434) 505-4907
Photo of Damara Beckett, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Damara Beckett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
Hello, my name is Damara Beckett, Lpc, Csac. As a clinician, I meet clients where they are and walk alongside them as they become better versions of themselves. I specialize in substance use and general mental health treatment of those ages 13-99 years old. I have a vast array of treating individuals with substance use disorder and general mental health conditions. The most common theoretical approach of my work is cognitive behavior. I work with individuals to explore how their thinking can change feelings and behaviors, thus creating a more favorable outcome.
Hello, my name is Damara Beckett, Lpc, Csac. As a clinician, I meet clients where they are and walk alongside them as they become better versions of themselves. I specialize in substance use and general mental health treatment of those ages 13-99 years old. I have a vast array of treating individuals with substance use disorder and general mental health conditions. The most common theoretical approach of my work is cognitive behavior. I work with individuals to explore how their thinking can change feelings and behaviors, thus creating a more favorable outcome.
(757) 797-9520 View (757) 797-9520
Photo of Amelia Jacokes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amelia Jacokes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
Do you want to learn more about yourself and how you walk through life? Do you experience difficulties in areas that others seem to have a relatively easy time managing? I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Virginia and California (license numbers: VA: 0904013582, CA: 99619). I spent my internship years working with dementia patients as well as gaining experience with the chronic pain population. By working in the intensive outpatient program environment,
Do you want to learn more about yourself and how you walk through life? Do you experience difficulties in areas that others seem to have a relatively easy time managing? I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Virginia and California (license numbers: VA: 0904013582, CA: 99619). I spent my internship years working with dementia patients as well as gaining experience with the chronic pain population. By working in the intensive outpatient program environment,
(757) 517-8409 View (757) 517-8409
Photo of Jacob Sitton, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jacob Sitton
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538
Jacob Sitton is a Resident in Counseling who has experience working with adults of all age groups and in individual, couple, and group contexts. Jacob has worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues and conditions, and most consistently finds himself counseling individuals struggling with chronic anxiety, depression and suicidality, low self-esteem, grief, and relational difficulty. He has had the privilege of working with clients who are overcoming trauma, battling addiction, or living with borderline personality disorder. Jacob completed his master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University.
Jacob Sitton is a Resident in Counseling who has experience working with adults of all age groups and in individual, couple, and group contexts. Jacob has worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues and conditions, and most consistently finds himself counseling individuals struggling with chronic anxiety, depression and suicidality, low self-esteem, grief, and relational difficulty. He has had the privilege of working with clients who are overcoming trauma, battling addiction, or living with borderline personality disorder. Jacob completed his master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University.
(434) 595-4490 View (434) 595-4490
Photo of Tiffany Jackson Mioduszewski, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Jackson Mioduszewski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
Tiffany Jackson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience. She specializes in treating trauma and understands how traumatic events can impact our mental health. Tiffany typically treats children, teens, adults, and seniors with depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and major life issues/transitions.
Tiffany Jackson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience. She specializes in treating trauma and understands how traumatic events can impact our mental health. Tiffany typically treats children, teens, adults, and seniors with depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and major life issues/transitions.
(434) 771-2591 View (434) 771-2591
Photo of Lora Dudley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lora Dudley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
Lora "Leanne" Dudley is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has over 10 years of experience in providing clinical assessment and therapeutic care to adults and couples seeking assistance with depression/anxiety, trauma, life transitions, and post-traumatic stress. Leanne completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Radford University.
Lora "Leanne" Dudley is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has over 10 years of experience in providing clinical assessment and therapeutic care to adults and couples seeking assistance with depression/anxiety, trauma, life transitions, and post-traumatic stress. Leanne completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Radford University.
(434) 505-5094 View (434) 505-5094
Photo of Heather Duncan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Duncan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Concord, VA 24538  (Online Only)
Heather Duncan is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and an experienced counselor with 6 years of outpatient counseling and assessment experience and 14 years of experience working with severely mentally ill individuals within a variety of community mental health agencies. Heather specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, major life transitions, men’s and women’s issues, life transitions and adjustments, peri and post-natal challenges, chronic pain, and chronic illnesses.
Heather Duncan is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and an experienced counselor with 6 years of outpatient counseling and assessment experience and 14 years of experience working with severely mentally ill individuals within a variety of community mental health agencies. Heather specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, major life transitions, men’s and women’s issues, life transitions and adjustments, peri and post-natal challenges, chronic pain, and chronic illnesses.
(434) 505-4852 View (434) 505-4852

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jean Odachowski - Red Door Counseling Services, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Red Door Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24501  (Online Only)
I specialize in Parent Child Interaction Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eye Movement Reprocessing Desensitization.
My goal is to learn about my clients and their needs by listening to what is most important to them and instilling hope. I have experience working with mothers of young children who need support in managing behaviors, sensory and developmental needs of their child. Building a warm and compassionate relationship is key in therapy in my view. Helping my clients enhance their relationships by working through past trauma and past negative relationships is one of my key goals. I enjoy working with teens and other adults who are trying to find their way in the world of relationships, work, family and changing communities.
I specialize in Parent Child Interaction Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eye Movement Reprocessing Desensitization.
My goal is to learn about my clients and their needs by listening to what is most important to them and instilling hope. I have experience working with mothers of young children who need support in managing behaviors, sensory and developmental needs of their child. Building a warm and compassionate relationship is key in therapy in my view. Helping my clients enhance their relationships by working through past trauma and past negative relationships is one of my key goals. I enjoy working with teens and other adults who are trying to find their way in the world of relationships, work, family and changing communities.
(276) 409-8150 View (276) 409-8150
Photo of Tara Cothren, M Ed, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara Cothren
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Appomattox, VA 24522
I have specialized training in Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing (EMDRIA certified), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and starting in August, 2023 I will be continuing my education as a Ph.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia with over 15 years of experience working in various therapeutic settings. I take an individualized, person centered approach in working with adolescents and adults. I look forward to providing a healing environment to my clients to collaboratively address needs brought to each session. I have extensive training in working with trauma and addressing negative self-limiting beliefs as well as instilling more positive and adaptive methods of coping.
I have specialized training in Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing (EMDRIA certified), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and starting in August, 2023 I will be continuing my education as a Ph.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia with over 15 years of experience working in various therapeutic settings. I take an individualized, person centered approach in working with adolescents and adults. I look forward to providing a healing environment to my clients to collaboratively address needs brought to each session. I have extensive training in working with trauma and addressing negative self-limiting beliefs as well as instilling more positive and adaptive methods of coping.
(434) 885-0465 View (434) 885-0465
Photo of Mandy Jensen, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mandy Jensen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rustburg, VA 24588
Mandy is a licensed professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a National Certified Counselor. She has completed her Bachelors degree in Psychology, along with her Master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Liberty University. She has had the honor with working with a variety of populations including children, adolescents, adults and couples for over the past five years. Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others. Mandy utilizes a variety of clinical approaches in her practice. Each
Mandy is a licensed professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a National Certified Counselor. She has completed her Bachelors degree in Psychology, along with her Master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Liberty University. She has had the honor with working with a variety of populations including children, adolescents, adults and couples for over the past five years. Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others. Mandy utilizes a variety of clinical approaches in her practice. Each
(434) 406-4951 View (434) 406-4951
Photo of Tamara Powell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tamara Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rustburg, VA 24588
My name is Tamara Powell LCSW, CSOTP, CCTP, RPT. I provide a warm, safe, and supportive environment in which my clients can explore the issues and challenges they face. I strongly believe in the power of the therapeutic partnership to help uncover the strengths and resources we all possess in order to bring about the changes we desire in our lives. I feel privileged to be able to offer my assistance to others on this shared journey and commend you for reaching out for help to make things better.
My name is Tamara Powell LCSW, CSOTP, CCTP, RPT. I provide a warm, safe, and supportive environment in which my clients can explore the issues and challenges they face. I strongly believe in the power of the therapeutic partnership to help uncover the strengths and resources we all possess in order to bring about the changes we desire in our lives. I feel privileged to be able to offer my assistance to others on this shared journey and commend you for reaching out for help to make things better.
(703) 639-4039 View (703) 639-4039
Photo of Berkley Holston, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Berkley Holston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rustburg, VA 24588
Waitlist for new clients
I was born and raised in Lynchburg, Virginia, but have had the amazing opportunity to live and work all over the country including: Washington, DC; New Orleans, LA; Miami, FL and Boulder, CO. Lynchburg is by far my favorite place and I was happy to return home in 2005. I enjoy cooking, gardening, reading and spending time with my family and friends. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I graduated from the University of Northern Colorado in 2003 with an undergraduate degree in Psychology and a Masters degree in Community Counseling with an emphasis in Marriage and Family Counseling.
I was born and raised in Lynchburg, Virginia, but have had the amazing opportunity to live and work all over the country including: Washington, DC; New Orleans, LA; Miami, FL and Boulder, CO. Lynchburg is by far my favorite place and I was happy to return home in 2005. I enjoy cooking, gardening, reading and spending time with my family and friends. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I graduated from the University of Northern Colorado in 2003 with an undergraduate degree in Psychology and a Masters degree in Community Counseling with an emphasis in Marriage and Family Counseling.
(434) 277-2074 View (434) 277-2074
Photo of Debra Crowder, Licensed Professional Counselor
Debra Crowder
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Rustburg, VA 24588
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
(434) 201-7401 View (434) 201-7401
Photo of Rodney S Wilkerson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rodney S Wilkerson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Appomattox, VA 24522  (Online Only)
The pressures of work and family life, stress and anxiety, broken and strained relationships often cloud our perspective. We get lost in unmet expectations and disappointments. We can lose sight of where we are in our story and what influence we have over what else is to be written. What if you had the ability to write your story? How would you pen your future? What would you want to change about the here and now? The right therapist can often walk with you for a brief chapter, listen intently, help more fully discern your story, develop a plan, and perhaps gain back control.
The pressures of work and family life, stress and anxiety, broken and strained relationships often cloud our perspective. We get lost in unmet expectations and disappointments. We can lose sight of where we are in our story and what influence we have over what else is to be written. What if you had the ability to write your story? How would you pen your future? What would you want to change about the here and now? The right therapist can often walk with you for a brief chapter, listen intently, help more fully discern your story, develop a plan, and perhaps gain back control.
(434) 303-6434 View (434) 303-6434
Photo of Jonathan Patrick Behler - Grace in the Shadows, LLC, MA, MDiv, LCMHC, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grace in the Shadows, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MDiv, LCMHC, PhD
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24501  (Online Only)
In life, you seek out the ability to have peace, harmony, a fulfilling career, and a happy family. However, sometimes these things do not happen, or things go astray. Life happens, tragedy comes about, or situations arise to make you feel unhinged Sometimes, you just need someone with whom you can unload. Someone who will walk you through solutions to the problems at hand. I would like to be that person for you.
In life, you seek out the ability to have peace, harmony, a fulfilling career, and a happy family. However, sometimes these things do not happen, or things go astray. Life happens, tragedy comes about, or situations arise to make you feel unhinged Sometimes, you just need someone with whom you can unload. Someone who will walk you through solutions to the problems at hand. I would like to be that person for you.
(571) 462-2141 View (571) 462-2141

See more therapy options for Concord

Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.