Therapists in Buffalo Junction, VA

Photo of Rachel Biesemeyer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Biesemeyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Buffalo Junction, VA 24529
Hello, my name is Rachel Biesemeyer, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults from all walks of life. My approach to therapy is founded on building a solid therapeutic relationship and integrating coping skills that are practical and helpful with life's struggles. My client focus ranges from children, adolescents to adults from all walks of life. I have treated individuals with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/shame, mood disorders, ADHD, and ODD.
Hello, my name is Rachel Biesemeyer, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults from all walks of life. My approach to therapy is founded on building a solid therapeutic relationship and integrating coping skills that are practical and helpful with life's struggles. My client focus ranges from children, adolescents to adults from all walks of life. I have treated individuals with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/shame, mood disorders, ADHD, and ODD.
(757) 654-2286 View (757) 654-2286
Photo of Kristen Joback, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristen Joback
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Buffalo Junction, VA 24529
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the commonwealth of Virginia, I have 15 years experience partnering with adults, children, couples, and families, seeking help with adjusting to life transitions, depression, anxiety, relationship issues and long lasting mental health challenges. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. I value a person-centered, collaborative and integrative approach to treatment.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the commonwealth of Virginia, I have 15 years experience partnering with adults, children, couples, and families, seeking help with adjusting to life transitions, depression, anxiety, relationship issues and long lasting mental health challenges. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. I value a person-centered, collaborative and integrative approach to treatment.
(703) 750-8788 View (703) 750-8788

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Anne Oelrich, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anne Oelrich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Nelson, VA 24580
Hi! I specialize in working with pre-teens, teens, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, ADHD, grief, body image, identity, sexuality and more. I have a special interest in working with members of the LGBTQ community. If you our your child is having a hard time with social pressure, adjusting to school or other transitions, sadness, managing daily stressors, and/or identity development, I would love to help.
Hi! I specialize in working with pre-teens, teens, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, ADHD, grief, body image, identity, sexuality and more. I have a special interest in working with members of the LGBTQ community. If you our your child is having a hard time with social pressure, adjusting to school or other transitions, sadness, managing daily stressors, and/or identity development, I would love to help.
(434) 204-5340 View (434) 204-5340
Photo of Renee Tong, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Tong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clarksville, VA 23927
Hello, my name is Renee Tong and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Compassion with integrity is the core of my practice. I honor the unique path of everyone that I work with, creating a safe place to produce changes that promote a better quality of life. I work with individuals from ages 18-100 from all walks of life dealing with life transition to mood disorders. My communication style cores a compassionate tone towards my clients in practice. "Happiness can be found in the darkest of times if one only remembers to turn the light on." - Albus Dumbledore
Hello, my name is Renee Tong and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Compassion with integrity is the core of my practice. I honor the unique path of everyone that I work with, creating a safe place to produce changes that promote a better quality of life. I work with individuals from ages 18-100 from all walks of life dealing with life transition to mood disorders. My communication style cores a compassionate tone towards my clients in practice. "Happiness can be found in the darkest of times if one only remembers to turn the light on." - Albus Dumbledore
(571) 545-5980 View (571) 545-5980
Photo of Michael Asaku-Yeboah - Evolve Vocational Services LLC, MS, CRC, LCADC, Counselor
Evolve Vocational Services LLC
Counselor, MS, CRC, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virgilina, VA 24598  (Online Only)
Are you managing a non-apparent disability (conditions that are not obvious to the on looker) and experiencing any of the following at work: Maintaining work expectations, productivity and meeting deadline? Struggling with executive functioning issues, such as focus & attention, organization & prioritization. Dealing with work stress that is impacting your personal life. Are you at risk of been placed on a performance improvement plan (PIP)or already placed on one and struggling to get off it? Are you neurodivergent and struggling with people understanding you and how you work? Are you exploring career change?
Are you managing a non-apparent disability (conditions that are not obvious to the on looker) and experiencing any of the following at work: Maintaining work expectations, productivity and meeting deadline? Struggling with executive functioning issues, such as focus & attention, organization & prioritization. Dealing with work stress that is impacting your personal life. Are you at risk of been placed on a performance improvement plan (PIP)or already placed on one and struggling to get off it? Are you neurodivergent and struggling with people understanding you and how you work? Are you exploring career change?
(702) 623-9349 View (702) 623-9349
Photo of Richard Swaine, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Richard Swaine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virgilina, VA 24598
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
(804) 336-3629 View (804) 336-3629
Photo of Linda Barker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Barker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virgilina, VA 24598
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients throughout Virginia. I have worked in multiple areas of behavioral health and health care in the Richmond area for over twenty-five years. I work with adult clients in individual therapy and couples therapy. I work with adult clients, individually and in couples therapy.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients throughout Virginia. I have worked in multiple areas of behavioral health and health care in the Richmond area for over twenty-five years. I work with adult clients in individual therapy and couples therapy. I work with adult clients, individually and in couples therapy.
(757) 863-2425 View (757) 863-2425

Online Therapists

Photo of Roxianna Johnson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Roxianna Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Franklin, VA 23851
Hi, I’m Roxi, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I’m a compassionate and approachable human and social services professional with more than thirty (30) years of experience supporting folks with disabilities including, mental health, substance abuse, social difficulties, and people in other special needs populations. I’ve assisted individuals, families, and couples as they navigate through trauma, depression, anxiety, and homelessness to a more functional way of life. I understand that we are all unique and experience life’s challenges in our own unique ways.
Hi, I’m Roxi, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I’m a compassionate and approachable human and social services professional with more than thirty (30) years of experience supporting folks with disabilities including, mental health, substance abuse, social difficulties, and people in other special needs populations. I’ve assisted individuals, families, and couples as they navigate through trauma, depression, anxiety, and homelessness to a more functional way of life. I understand that we are all unique and experience life’s challenges in our own unique ways.
(757) 929-9689 View (757) 929-9689
Photo of Paul Willson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul Willson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23220
Waitlist for new clients
Paul is a licensed Clinical Social Worker who completed his Masters of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University; he also has a Bachelor of Music in Jazz Guitar from Virginia Commonwealth University. He draws on mindfulness techniques and the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music in addition to more traditional talk therapy methods to offer several different avenues for healing to teens, adults, and families. Paul has studied meditation with Pat Buxton and is a certified Reiki master under Barb Davis.
Paul is a licensed Clinical Social Worker who completed his Masters of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University; he also has a Bachelor of Music in Jazz Guitar from Virginia Commonwealth University. He draws on mindfulness techniques and the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music in addition to more traditional talk therapy methods to offer several different avenues for healing to teens, adults, and families. Paul has studied meditation with Pat Buxton and is a certified Reiki master under Barb Davis.
(804) 466-3218 View (804) 466-3218
Photo of Alisha Parks, MA, CSAC-S
Alisha Parks
Resident in Counseling, MA, CSAC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
I hold a B.S. in Journalism and Mass Communications with a concentration in Public Relations from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and an M.A in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. I am a Resident in Counseling with plans to obtain licensure as a Professional Counselor. I am passionate about equipping children, adolescents, and adults with the proper tools they need in order to live whole and fulfilled lives. I desire to provide a safe, non-judgmental, and warm environment for others to process their emotions, thoughts, and experiences.
I hold a B.S. in Journalism and Mass Communications with a concentration in Public Relations from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and an M.A in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. I am a Resident in Counseling with plans to obtain licensure as a Professional Counselor. I am passionate about equipping children, adolescents, and adults with the proper tools they need in order to live whole and fulfilled lives. I desire to provide a safe, non-judgmental, and warm environment for others to process their emotions, thoughts, and experiences.
(434) 478-1344 View (434) 478-1344
Photo of Susan Amory, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Amory
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and have been practicing since 2014. I have a Bachelor of Science in Social Work from Radford University (1992), Master of Arts in Education from Norfolk State University (1997), and Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Adams State University (2015). I was a high school teacher for 21 years teaching students with special needs before beginning my career in clinical counseling.
Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and have been practicing since 2014. I have a Bachelor of Science in Social Work from Radford University (1992), Master of Arts in Education from Norfolk State University (1997), and Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Adams State University (2015). I was a high school teacher for 21 years teaching students with special needs before beginning my career in clinical counseling.
(757) 996-4924 View (757) 996-4924
Photo of Sabrina Hammond, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sabrina Hammond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23225
I am a licensed clinical therapist in the states of New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, Illinois, and Missouri with 10 years of professional clinical work experience. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. My focus of practice is individual therapy within the adult psychiatric population. I utilize CBT and Solution Focused Therapy skills to assist clients with reaching their personal goals.
I am a licensed clinical therapist in the states of New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, Illinois, and Missouri with 10 years of professional clinical work experience. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. My focus of practice is individual therapy within the adult psychiatric population. I utilize CBT and Solution Focused Therapy skills to assist clients with reaching their personal goals.
(804) 206-5923 View (804) 206-5923
Photo of Krystal Davis, Counselor
Krystal Davis
Counselor
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22903  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Virginia Beach native Licensed Professional Counselor ready to work alongside you to achieve a more fulfilling, purposeful life. I am licensed in Virginia with 8 years of professional work experience. I received my education at Old Dominion University and Regent University. I have experience in helping clients with trauma, stress and anxiety, family conflicts, anger management, & depression. I work from a Cognitive Behavior and Dialectical Behavior (CBT/DBT) approach.
Hello! I am a Virginia Beach native Licensed Professional Counselor ready to work alongside you to achieve a more fulfilling, purposeful life. I am licensed in Virginia with 8 years of professional work experience. I received my education at Old Dominion University and Regent University. I have experience in helping clients with trauma, stress and anxiety, family conflicts, anger management, & depression. I work from a Cognitive Behavior and Dialectical Behavior (CBT/DBT) approach.
(434) 505-5575 View (434) 505-5575
Photo of Andrea Renea Gregg-Martin, MA, LPC, LMHP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Renea Gregg-Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23224
CONGRATULATIONS for making the decision to pursue this therapeutic endeavor!! I applaud you for having the courage to gain insight and take the necessary steps in creating and maintaining a better life for yourself. It is my professional goals to aid in eliminating the stigma that has greatly plagued the subject of mental health and to continue to be a catalyst in assisting individuals and families in successfully navigating their distinctive healing journeys. I am looking forward to working with you.
CONGRATULATIONS for making the decision to pursue this therapeutic endeavor!! I applaud you for having the courage to gain insight and take the necessary steps in creating and maintaining a better life for yourself. It is my professional goals to aid in eliminating the stigma that has greatly plagued the subject of mental health and to continue to be a catalyst in assisting individuals and families in successfully navigating their distinctive healing journeys. I am looking forward to working with you.
(804) 336-3508 View (804) 336-3508
Photo of Joseph Robert Daly, EdD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joseph Robert Daly
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23225
Waitlist for new clients
I am no longer in the Woodlake - Midlothian area. New address is: 7400 Beaufont Springs Drive, Suite 300, Richmond, VA 23225
I am no longer in the Woodlake - Midlothian area. New address is: 7400 Beaufont Springs Drive, Suite 300, Richmond, VA 23225
Photo of Jill Bromley, LPC, LMHC, CMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jill Bromley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CMHC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23219  (Online Only)
Are you struggling feeling stuck or like you are unable to move forward to realize the progress you want? Do you want to move beyond coping and managing symptoms? Learn how to shape positive experiences in about 12 sessions. I follow an approach to treatment designed to assist you develop awareness into your own functioning and effectively navigate yourself toward your personal goals- no matter your prior or current experiences. I specialize in working with adult clientele serious about advancing personal development. Sessions are productive and goal-oriented with focus on education, empowerment and long-term transformation.
Are you struggling feeling stuck or like you are unable to move forward to realize the progress you want? Do you want to move beyond coping and managing symptoms? Learn how to shape positive experiences in about 12 sessions. I follow an approach to treatment designed to assist you develop awareness into your own functioning and effectively navigate yourself toward your personal goals- no matter your prior or current experiences. I specialize in working with adult clientele serious about advancing personal development. Sessions are productive and goal-oriented with focus on education, empowerment and long-term transformation.
(352) 703-4719 View (352) 703-4719
Photo of Shavon Jack, MS, LMHC, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Shavon Jack
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
You deserve joy. You deserve peace. You deserve to live your best life and enjoy it to the fullest. At times, life’s circumstances can hinder you from living to your fullest potential. I understand this and am more than willing to help. I am passionate about mental health and the power that lies within the therapeutic relationship. The belief that every client possesses all of the answers and solutions within but sometimes you need help navigating to those answers is my philosophy. I take pride in creating a genuine and safe environment for you to be your authentic self and foster the change you desire and deserve.
You deserve joy. You deserve peace. You deserve to live your best life and enjoy it to the fullest. At times, life’s circumstances can hinder you from living to your fullest potential. I understand this and am more than willing to help. I am passionate about mental health and the power that lies within the therapeutic relationship. The belief that every client possesses all of the answers and solutions within but sometimes you need help navigating to those answers is my philosophy. I take pride in creating a genuine and safe environment for you to be your authentic self and foster the change you desire and deserve.
(386) 204-6435 View (386) 204-6435
Photo of Anita Stoudmire, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anita Stoudmire
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Anita Stoudmire and I am a licensed professional therapist who specializes in couples therapy as well as individual therapy. I enjoy helping people to become their best selves and improve their relationships. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with most of my individual clients. I am trained in the Gottman Method for couples therapy and I am a certified Seven Principles Workshop leader. I believe we all have the ability to change and grow, especially if we have the compassion, guidance and unconditional positive regard that a good therapist can bring.
Hello! My name is Anita Stoudmire and I am a licensed professional therapist who specializes in couples therapy as well as individual therapy. I enjoy helping people to become their best selves and improve their relationships. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with most of my individual clients. I am trained in the Gottman Method for couples therapy and I am a certified Seven Principles Workshop leader. I believe we all have the ability to change and grow, especially if we have the compassion, guidance and unconditional positive regard that a good therapist can bring.
(434) 533-9112 View (434) 533-9112
Photo of Ursula Goadhouse, MSW, CH
Ursula Goadhouse
MSW, CH
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Healing is sacred work. I honor your whole being, mind, body, and spirit. You can feel more at ease, peaceful, happy, and empowered. You can feel relief from depression, anxiety, grief, and stress. My areas of healing work include anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, building self-confidence, and psychedelic integration. We develop your resilience with therapeutic techniques, including Trauma-Informed Hypnotherapy, transpersonal, somatic, CBT, Mindfulness, EFT, NLP, and self-awareness tools. We will update, redefine, and shift you forward with compassion and skill.
Healing is sacred work. I honor your whole being, mind, body, and spirit. You can feel more at ease, peaceful, happy, and empowered. You can feel relief from depression, anxiety, grief, and stress. My areas of healing work include anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, building self-confidence, and psychedelic integration. We develop your resilience with therapeutic techniques, including Trauma-Informed Hypnotherapy, transpersonal, somatic, CBT, Mindfulness, EFT, NLP, and self-awareness tools. We will update, redefine, and shift you forward with compassion and skill.
(434) 838-3809 View (434) 838-3809
Photo of Alana Chandler, MS, LPC, ATR-BC, Art Therapist
Alana Chandler
Art Therapist, MS, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23226
Hello! I am glad you are here with me. I am a compassionate and warm Art Therapist who utilizes art processes and materials to suit you in further exploring experiences, thoughts, and feelings. Utilizing art processes allows for an alternative way of healing and processing than traditional talk therapy, regardless of prior art-making experience. I believe an important part of doing therapy with others is being present - holding space for people without expressing biases, which is an important part of feeling seen and understood.
Hello! I am glad you are here with me. I am a compassionate and warm Art Therapist who utilizes art processes and materials to suit you in further exploring experiences, thoughts, and feelings. Utilizing art processes allows for an alternative way of healing and processing than traditional talk therapy, regardless of prior art-making experience. I believe an important part of doing therapy with others is being present - holding space for people without expressing biases, which is an important part of feeling seen and understood.
(804) 391-7797 View (804) 391-7797

See more therapy options for Buffalo Junction

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Buffalo Junction, VA

< 10

Therapists in Buffalo Junction, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Child
100% ADHD
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Anger Management
100% School Issues
100% Behavioral Issues

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Buffalo Junction, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Buffalo Junction?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.