Therapists in Buena Vista City County, VA

Photo of Yozaira Leon-Santiago, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yozaira Leon-Santiago
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Buena Vista, VA 24416
Yozaira Leon-Santiago, Virginia License 0701008987. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 10 years of experience in the behavioral healthcare field. Currently I am a Bilingual (Spanish) mental health clinician in a detention center working with young immigrants. Before that, I served as MST (Multisystemic) therapist in the community that dealt with juveniles with serious criminal offenses and are possibly abusing substances. I am experienced with the emotional problems that occur in adults, adolescents and children. I have specialized training with family therapy, trauma depression and anxiety.
Yozaira Leon-Santiago, Virginia License 0701008987. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 10 years of experience in the behavioral healthcare field. Currently I am a Bilingual (Spanish) mental health clinician in a detention center working with young immigrants. Before that, I served as MST (Multisystemic) therapist in the community that dealt with juveniles with serious criminal offenses and are possibly abusing substances. I am experienced with the emotional problems that occur in adults, adolescents and children. I have specialized training with family therapy, trauma depression and anxiety.
(540) 258-4023 View (540) 258-4023
Photo of Melissa Futreal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Futreal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Buena Vista, VA 24416
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
(571) 322-8908 View (571) 322-8908
Photo of Paul A Bello - Bello Counseling, LLC, LPC, CCEP, Counselor
Bello Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LPC, CCEP
Verified Verified
Buena Vista, VA 24416  (Online Only)
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life today. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life today. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(540) 235-5563 View (540) 235-5563
Photo of Chad J Kelland, PsyD, MA, LCP, Psychologist
Chad J Kelland
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buena Vista, VA 24416
It is important to provide a supportive, attuned presence to help my patients work through the struggles, problems, and difficulties that have brought them into treatment. I build a relationship of trust with my patients in order to help them feel the support and care I have for them. I believe that diligent exploration of a patient's negative emotions and problematic relationships leads to healing. Through the use of simple challenges, highlighting of interpersonal and emotional patterns, encouragement, and honest feedback, my objective is to help the patient feel the love and support needed to heal and change.
It is important to provide a supportive, attuned presence to help my patients work through the struggles, problems, and difficulties that have brought them into treatment. I build a relationship of trust with my patients in order to help them feel the support and care I have for them. I believe that diligent exploration of a patient's negative emotions and problematic relationships leads to healing. Through the use of simple challenges, highlighting of interpersonal and emotional patterns, encouragement, and honest feedback, my objective is to help the patient feel the love and support needed to heal and change.
(540) 307-2809 View (540) 307-2809
Photo of Alison Caldwell-Andrews, PhD, Psychologist
Alison Caldwell-Andrews
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Buena Vista, VA 24416
You've probably already tried to figure out how to feel better. Sick of being told that you're "too sensitive" or "overreacting," you're exhausted by how emotions and memories reach out and grab you, ripping you from your best efforts at stability. The effects of trauma, including high levels of anxiety, may make you wish you could simply just get rid of your emotions. It doesn't seem to matter how smart you are or how great a problem-solver you are in other areas of your life. The end result is that you're discouraged. I offer a collaborative approach with interventions that work. Come work with me and find hope and change.
You've probably already tried to figure out how to feel better. Sick of being told that you're "too sensitive" or "overreacting," you're exhausted by how emotions and memories reach out and grab you, ripping you from your best efforts at stability. The effects of trauma, including high levels of anxiety, may make you wish you could simply just get rid of your emotions. It doesn't seem to matter how smart you are or how great a problem-solver you are in other areas of your life. The end result is that you're discouraged. I offer a collaborative approach with interventions that work. Come work with me and find hope and change.
(540) 453-7917 View (540) 453-7917
Photo of Molly Adams, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Molly Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Buena Vista, VA 24416
Not accepting new clients
I believe we all have inner strengths, innate self-worth, and intuition that guides us. Through the ebbs and flows of life, it's common to feel disconnected from our authentic selves. This disconnect can cause us to feel like we're running on auto-pilot, feeling detached and stuck, or experiencing the flames of burnout, where we feel overwhelmed and dysregulated. Both of these responses result in us feeling doubtful and unsatisfied in life. I take a holistic approach to therapy focusing on mind & body aspects to help you restore a sense of harmony & connection and live a more full and satisfying life.
I believe we all have inner strengths, innate self-worth, and intuition that guides us. Through the ebbs and flows of life, it's common to feel disconnected from our authentic selves. This disconnect can cause us to feel like we're running on auto-pilot, feeling detached and stuck, or experiencing the flames of burnout, where we feel overwhelmed and dysregulated. Both of these responses result in us feeling doubtful and unsatisfied in life. I take a holistic approach to therapy focusing on mind & body aspects to help you restore a sense of harmony & connection and live a more full and satisfying life.
(540) 516-3568 View (540) 516-3568
Photo of Eric Hales, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eric Hales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buena Vista, VA 24416
As a gay man, I validate and support clients’ identities, sexuality, and spiritual beliefs. I was raised LDS and understand the cultural, familial, social, and spiritual complexities that can arise from growing up in that environment. I focus on helping clients heal from shame-based trauma, improve their relationship skills, and build a life that is consistent with their sexuality, gender identity, goals, and values.
As a gay man, I validate and support clients’ identities, sexuality, and spiritual beliefs. I was raised LDS and understand the cultural, familial, social, and spiritual complexities that can arise from growing up in that environment. I focus on helping clients heal from shame-based trauma, improve their relationship skills, and build a life that is consistent with their sexuality, gender identity, goals, and values.
(385) 448-5054 View (385) 448-5054

Online Therapists

Photo of Elizabeth Resto, MA, LPC, Counselor
Elizabeth Resto
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. It’s powerful to know that while our stories are unique, we are not alone. I believe there are such healing properties in connection with others and community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. It’s powerful to know that while our stories are unique, we are not alone. I believe there are such healing properties in connection with others and community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
(540) 425-0769 View (540) 425-0769
Photo of Kathleen A Mitchum, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen A Mitchum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Accepting new clients & offering sliding scale! I have experience working with teens, young adults, and couples in NYC and Charlottesville, VA. My therapeutic style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative, emphasizing the importance of building a strong therapeutic alliance based on trust and mutual respect.
Accepting new clients & offering sliding scale! I have experience working with teens, young adults, and couples in NYC and Charlottesville, VA. My therapeutic style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative, emphasizing the importance of building a strong therapeutic alliance based on trust and mutual respect.
(434) 204-2594 View (434) 204-2594
Photo of Nicole Cameron, MA, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Cameron
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Verona, VA 24482  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Nicole. I've transformed personal experiences of trauma & abuse into the ability of having true empathy & understanding for others. Hope is fostered through a nurturing and safe space where thoughts and feelings are validated. In the fast-paced world we live many just long to be heard; to have the struggles & hurt they’ve experienced be truly acknowledged. A sensitive & compassionate therapist will enable you to feel seen & heard. I’m here to hold space & provide guidance which enables trust in your internal wisdom to grow. You matter! It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life.
Hi, my name is Nicole. I've transformed personal experiences of trauma & abuse into the ability of having true empathy & understanding for others. Hope is fostered through a nurturing and safe space where thoughts and feelings are validated. In the fast-paced world we live many just long to be heard; to have the struggles & hurt they’ve experienced be truly acknowledged. A sensitive & compassionate therapist will enable you to feel seen & heard. I’m here to hold space & provide guidance which enables trust in your internal wisdom to grow. You matter! It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life.
(540) 452-9095 View (540) 452-9095
Photo of Heidi Olson, MA
Heidi Olson
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502  (Online Only)
Are you seeking support and guidance through life's challenges? Are you looking for a safe space to work through life’s challenges? I specialize in providing compassionate and effective personal counseling to help individuals and couples navigate their unique journeys toward emotional well-being and personal growth. My name is Heidi Olson, and I hold a Master of Art in Counseling from Carolina University, and I am a resident in counseling licensed to practice in the state of Virginia. When I am not in the office you will find me hiking with my family or enjoying time with my grandchildren.
Are you seeking support and guidance through life's challenges? Are you looking for a safe space to work through life’s challenges? I specialize in providing compassionate and effective personal counseling to help individuals and couples navigate their unique journeys toward emotional well-being and personal growth. My name is Heidi Olson, and I hold a Master of Art in Counseling from Carolina University, and I am a resident in counseling licensed to practice in the state of Virginia. When I am not in the office you will find me hiking with my family or enjoying time with my grandchildren.
(434) 208-2511 View (434) 208-2511
Photo of Megan White, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Megan White
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
(540) 516-4542 View (540) 516-4542
Photo of Debbie Kleinsmith, PsyD, Psychologist
Debbie Kleinsmith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
While we specialize in treating adolescent girls and women at Empower Counseling, we welcome all clients. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are looking for a supportive and goal directed therapist with a collaborative approach to change. My goal is to help my clients become a more confident and empowered version of themselves, build on their strengths and work through the challenges and conflicts that are an inevitable part of life.
While we specialize in treating adolescent girls and women at Empower Counseling, we welcome all clients. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are looking for a supportive and goal directed therapist with a collaborative approach to change. My goal is to help my clients become a more confident and empowered version of themselves, build on their strengths and work through the challenges and conflicts that are an inevitable part of life.
(434) 226-5744 View (434) 226-5744
Photo of Ashley Butt, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Butt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison Heights, VA 24572  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you are unnoticed, invisible or not listened to? Maybe you feel like you don't fit in, that no one understands your experience, or perhaps you don't feel anything at all. Many people come to sessions overwhelmed by the demands of life and feel stress as a result of expectations they worry they are unable or don't want to meet. Some clients carry the weight of the world, while others struggle with feeling like they don't belong. Many clients have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships with themselves and/or others.
Do you feel like you are unnoticed, invisible or not listened to? Maybe you feel like you don't fit in, that no one understands your experience, or perhaps you don't feel anything at all. Many people come to sessions overwhelmed by the demands of life and feel stress as a result of expectations they worry they are unable or don't want to meet. Some clients carry the weight of the world, while others struggle with feeling like they don't belong. Many clients have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships with themselves and/or others.
(804) 889-2559 View (804) 889-2559
Photo of Selina Kelly, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Selina Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
My therapeutic approach is strengths based and tailored for each client, situation, and goal to find what works best for that individual. I believe you are the expert in your life and embrace a person-centered philosophy to best meet my client's needs. I have experience providing therapy in outpatient, school based, and in-home settings working with ADD/ADHD, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, personality disorders, dual diagnosis, anger management, substance use and abuse, parenting issues, and more. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and further certified to provide Trauma Focused CBT in the state of VA.
My therapeutic approach is strengths based and tailored for each client, situation, and goal to find what works best for that individual. I believe you are the expert in your life and embrace a person-centered philosophy to best meet my client's needs. I have experience providing therapy in outpatient, school based, and in-home settings working with ADD/ADHD, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, personality disorders, dual diagnosis, anger management, substance use and abuse, parenting issues, and more. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and further certified to provide Trauma Focused CBT in the state of VA.
(540) 779-8826 View (540) 779-8826
Photo of Mark Murphy, MS, LPC, CSOTP, CSSBB, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mark Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSOTP, CSSBB
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years. In that time I have worked with men, women, teens, and families on a wide variety of issues. Sometimes that work simply involved helping them through a particular incident or life change that overwhelmed them. Other times our work together centered around longstanding issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. With years of both institutional and outpatient experience, I enjoy helping people move from a place they can no longer tolerate to a place where they feel more happy and effective. I also provide clinical supervision for LPC residents.
I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years. In that time I have worked with men, women, teens, and families on a wide variety of issues. Sometimes that work simply involved helping them through a particular incident or life change that overwhelmed them. Other times our work together centered around longstanding issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. With years of both institutional and outpatient experience, I enjoy helping people move from a place they can no longer tolerate to a place where they feel more happy and effective. I also provide clinical supervision for LPC residents.
(804) 376-5028 View (804) 376-5028
Photo of Ivan Resto, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ivan Resto
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502
At Resto Family Services, we strive to provide individuals with the highest quality of care. Through compassion, knowledge, and respect, we work with children, teens, adults, and families to encourage personal growth and development. Whether struggling with anxiety, depression, family relational problems, ADHD, or any number of other difficulties, it is our goal to help you and your family in achieving your goals and improving your quality of life. At some point in our lives, we all will need assistance and someone with whom to talk. We are here to assist you on your journey toward a happier and healthier future.
At Resto Family Services, we strive to provide individuals with the highest quality of care. Through compassion, knowledge, and respect, we work with children, teens, adults, and families to encourage personal growth and development. Whether struggling with anxiety, depression, family relational problems, ADHD, or any number of other difficulties, it is our goal to help you and your family in achieving your goals and improving your quality of life. At some point in our lives, we all will need assistance and someone with whom to talk. We are here to assist you on your journey toward a happier and healthier future.
(434) 234-4131 View (434) 234-4131
Photo of Elizabeth Hollingsworth, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Hollingsworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Blacksburg, VA 24060  (Online Only)
Beth Hollingsworth is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 9 years of experience in clinical settings including inpatient, outpatient, crisis intervention, and intensive outpatient services. She works with adults who are struggling with issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, stress, grief, and substance use. Beth is also a certified clinical trauma professional.
Beth Hollingsworth is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 9 years of experience in clinical settings including inpatient, outpatient, crisis intervention, and intensive outpatient services. She works with adults who are struggling with issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, stress, grief, and substance use. Beth is also a certified clinical trauma professional.
(540) 924-3324 View (540) 924-3324
Photo of Geoffrey Dill, Pre-Licensed Professional
Geoffrey Dill
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24504
Geoffrey Dill (he/him) is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) with years of experience working in the mental health field. He is passionate about providing therapeutic care to clients dealing with shame, specializing particularly in eating disorders, LGBTQIA+ needs, trauma, depression, and low self-esteem.
Geoffrey Dill (he/him) is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) with years of experience working in the mental health field. He is passionate about providing therapeutic care to clients dealing with shame, specializing particularly in eating disorders, LGBTQIA+ needs, trauma, depression, and low self-esteem.
(434) 442-6448 View (434) 442-6448
Photo of Jayna Gillespie, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jayna Gillespie
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm glad you're here. I believe that counseling is most effective when it is designed by the participant and fits their individual or family needs. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and holds certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Trauma Treatment. I have experience working with children, adults, and families to strengthen attachment, manage complex traumatic experiences, and overcome anxiety, depression, suicidality, isolation, and negative patterns of behavior.
Hi! I'm glad you're here. I believe that counseling is most effective when it is designed by the participant and fits their individual or family needs. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and holds certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Trauma Treatment. I have experience working with children, adults, and families to strengthen attachment, manage complex traumatic experiences, and overcome anxiety, depression, suicidality, isolation, and negative patterns of behavior.
(757) 863-8772 View (757) 863-8772

See more therapy options for Buena Vista City County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Buena Vista City County, VA

< 10

Therapists in Buena Vista City County, VA who prioritize treating:

86% Relationship Issues
86% Anxiety
86% Spirituality
71% Depression
57% Trauma and PTSD
57% Self Esteem
43% Addiction

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Buena Vista City County, VA see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

58% Female
42% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Buena Vista City County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.