Therapists in West Valley, UT

Photo of Evan Kenison, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Evan Kenison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84128
Is your trauma, grief, or loss taking everything from you? Does your health condition seem like it is more than you can bear? Are you lost in a cloud of deep depression and can’t see a way out? Are you scared that you have come to a point in your marriage that you are considering divorce and would do anything to just heal things, be happy again, and make it all better? Or, is your child really struggling and you want to know how to help them? If you are experiencing any of these or other extremely hard feelings, you need to know you can get through this. Things can get better.
Is your trauma, grief, or loss taking everything from you? Does your health condition seem like it is more than you can bear? Are you lost in a cloud of deep depression and can’t see a way out? Are you scared that you have come to a point in your marriage that you are considering divorce and would do anything to just heal things, be happy again, and make it all better? Or, is your child really struggling and you want to know how to help them? If you are experiencing any of these or other extremely hard feelings, you need to know you can get through this. Things can get better.
(435) 850-2547 View (435) 850-2547
Photo of Karla Arroyo - Multicultural Counseling Center (MCC), LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Multicultural Counseling Center (MCC)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Valley, UT 84119
Nuestros servicios han sido creados para satisfacer las necesidades de la población Latina Hispano hablante, así mismo como la población Americana. Todas nuestras terapeutas hablan español como su lengua nativa y todas somos bilingües. Ofrecemos diferentes modalidades de terapia como individual, de pareja, jóvenes, familias y en grupo. Ofrecemos evaluaciones para casos de inmigración. Si su abogado le ha solicitado que obtenga una evaluación psicológica estamos aquí para ayudarlo con estos servicios. Tenemos una vasta experiencia trabajando con individuos y familias de diversos orígenes culturales y étnicos.
Nuestros servicios han sido creados para satisfacer las necesidades de la población Latina Hispano hablante, así mismo como la población Americana. Todas nuestras terapeutas hablan español como su lengua nativa y todas somos bilingües. Ofrecemos diferentes modalidades de terapia como individual, de pareja, jóvenes, familias y en grupo. Ofrecemos evaluaciones para casos de inmigración. Si su abogado le ha solicitado que obtenga una evaluación psicológica estamos aquí para ayudarlo con estos servicios. Tenemos una vasta experiencia trabajando con individuos y familias de diversos orígenes culturales y étnicos.
(801) 923-6259 View (801) 923-6259
Photo of Pam Hill At Beacon Therapy Of Utah, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pam Hill At Beacon Therapy Of Utah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84119
At times we all find ourselves in situations that we think no one else will understand. It’s easy to self-sabotage and self-criticize when you have no one to talk to. We often find ourselves putting up barriers instead of boundaries and unintentionally blocking those that want to help us. Therapy allows us to self-reflect, feel empowered, and increase our happiness.
At times we all find ourselves in situations that we think no one else will understand. It’s easy to self-sabotage and self-criticize when you have no one to talk to. We often find ourselves putting up barriers instead of boundaries and unintentionally blocking those that want to help us. Therapy allows us to self-reflect, feel empowered, and increase our happiness.
(385) 644-9164 View (385) 644-9164
Photo of Nancy Paige, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nancy Paige
Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84081
I cherish working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with people with self-esteem, trauma, depression, anxiety, premarital, marital conflict, separation, divorce, etc. I believe that self-compassion is essential for success. I am a big advocate of self-care and unconditional love for oneself. I strive to create a safe space where you can feel heard and understood. I use an integrative approach that is tailored to your needs.
I cherish working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with people with self-esteem, trauma, depression, anxiety, premarital, marital conflict, separation, divorce, etc. I believe that self-compassion is essential for success. I am a big advocate of self-care and unconditional love for oneself. I strive to create a safe space where you can feel heard and understood. I use an integrative approach that is tailored to your needs.
(385) 316-6957 View (385) 316-6957
Photo of Helder Alves, ACMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Helder Alves
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACMHC
Verified Verified
West Valley, UT 84081  (Online Only)
I utilize various therapeutic approaches to assist my clients. Some of the approaches I use are psychodynamic, person-centered therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and narrative therapy. I work with people of all genders, orientations, ethnicities, races, and religions. I offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Some of my areas of special interest and ongoing expanding expertise include anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, low self-esteem, relationship/marital issues, grief, sex therapy, understanding sexuality, open/ Polyamorous relationships, transgender/gender non-conforming individuals, and faith crisis/ transition.
I utilize various therapeutic approaches to assist my clients. Some of the approaches I use are psychodynamic, person-centered therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and narrative therapy. I work with people of all genders, orientations, ethnicities, races, and religions. I offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Some of my areas of special interest and ongoing expanding expertise include anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, low self-esteem, relationship/marital issues, grief, sex therapy, understanding sexuality, open/ Polyamorous relationships, transgender/gender non-conforming individuals, and faith crisis/ transition.
(801) 683-5073 View (801) 683-5073
Photo of Rebecka Hanson, MA, ACMHC, Counselor
Rebecka Hanson
Counselor, MA, ACMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84128
So many of us struggle with feeling like we are "Not Enough". It's a constant battle to face each day with a smile, pretending everything is okay when deep down we are falling apart. Sometimes all we need is someone to truly listen, someone to guide us, someone to understand and support us through the darkest of times. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to feel successful, loved, and capable. By harnessing your personal strengths and breaking down negative thought patterns, I aim to equip you with the tools and skills necessary to thrive.
So many of us struggle with feeling like we are "Not Enough". It's a constant battle to face each day with a smile, pretending everything is okay when deep down we are falling apart. Sometimes all we need is someone to truly listen, someone to guide us, someone to understand and support us through the darkest of times. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to feel successful, loved, and capable. By harnessing your personal strengths and breaking down negative thought patterns, I aim to equip you with the tools and skills necessary to thrive.
(435) 485-2655 View (435) 485-2655
Photo of Rob Shaffer, CSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rob Shaffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84081
You’re here because being a HUMAN is hard work. Life can be tough, and it's easy to feel weighed down by its pressures and past experiences. I understand that. You've made it this far, but sometimes it feels overwhelming. My mission is to help you move from merely surviving to truly thriving in your badass life. I blend traditional therapy with practical coaching techniques, providing tools and strategies to tackle life's challenges. Authenticity, honesty, and a non-judgmental attitude are the cornerstones of my practice. By actively engaging with your unique dilemmas, I offer tailored guidance that fits your journey.
You’re here because being a HUMAN is hard work. Life can be tough, and it's easy to feel weighed down by its pressures and past experiences. I understand that. You've made it this far, but sometimes it feels overwhelming. My mission is to help you move from merely surviving to truly thriving in your badass life. I blend traditional therapy with practical coaching techniques, providing tools and strategies to tackle life's challenges. Authenticity, honesty, and a non-judgmental attitude are the cornerstones of my practice. By actively engaging with your unique dilemmas, I offer tailored guidance that fits your journey.
(385) 645-4055 View (385) 645-4055
Photo of Jakie Deily, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jakie Deily
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Valley, UT 84081
I believe we all experience events throughout our lives that not only aid us in creating a unique perspective through which we see the world, but that can also impact our quality of life. We’ll take the experiences that you have had, lay them out, see where you are feeling hindered or where you want to expand. Then we build new structures that allow you to process what holds you back. My methodology is influenced by my belief that identifying our limitations, recognizing our patterns allows us to practice authentic self-care which moves you forward towards your goals.
I believe we all experience events throughout our lives that not only aid us in creating a unique perspective through which we see the world, but that can also impact our quality of life. We’ll take the experiences that you have had, lay them out, see where you are feeling hindered or where you want to expand. Then we build new structures that allow you to process what holds you back. My methodology is influenced by my belief that identifying our limitations, recognizing our patterns allows us to practice authentic self-care which moves you forward towards your goals.
(385) 376-1502 View (385) 376-1502

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lindsey Van Roo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsey Van Roo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84118
My name is Lindsey Van Roo, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked with clients ranging in age from 6 years old to 54. Some common areas of focus in my sessions are personality growth, life goals, emotional regulation, coping skills, stress management, and trauma processing. I have had experience with clients from several different populations and in different areas of life. Most of my experience has been with teens and their families doing individual and family therapy. I have also worked with parents individually or as a couple to help support them and their families.
My name is Lindsey Van Roo, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked with clients ranging in age from 6 years old to 54. Some common areas of focus in my sessions are personality growth, life goals, emotional regulation, coping skills, stress management, and trauma processing. I have had experience with clients from several different populations and in different areas of life. Most of my experience has been with teens and their families doing individual and family therapy. I have also worked with parents individually or as a couple to help support them and their families.
(385) 324-7621 View (385) 324-7621
Photo of Amanda Curtis, LCMHC, Counselor
Amanda Curtis
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylorsville, UT 84129
I enjoy helping people discover their strengths and overcome barriers. At Inner Pieces Psychotherapy, I understand that true healing requires a holistic approach. Everyone encounters problems and challenges, but they do not need to determine your identity or future. Overcoming your past is possible and there is hope. I work with people going through a variety of life challenges and pride myself on meeting the unique needs of each person who enters my practice
I enjoy helping people discover their strengths and overcome barriers. At Inner Pieces Psychotherapy, I understand that true healing requires a holistic approach. Everyone encounters problems and challenges, but they do not need to determine your identity or future. Overcoming your past is possible and there is hope. I work with people going through a variety of life challenges and pride myself on meeting the unique needs of each person who enters my practice
(385) 318-3408 View (385) 318-3408
Photo of Kiley Kaczmarek, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kiley Kaczmarek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
Taylorsville, UT 84129
Taking the first step towards therapy can be hard, and I will be here for you every step of the way! I believe we are all capable of making meaningful change in our lives. I strive to create a safe space for healing, balance, and wholeness in all aspects of life's journey, and I believe laughter can be part of our healing journey as well! My style is relationship-based, with person centered integration, so the therapy revolves around YOU and your needs!
Taking the first step towards therapy can be hard, and I will be here for you every step of the way! I believe we are all capable of making meaningful change in our lives. I strive to create a safe space for healing, balance, and wholeness in all aspects of life's journey, and I believe laughter can be part of our healing journey as well! My style is relationship-based, with person centered integration, so the therapy revolves around YOU and your needs!
(385) 993-4409 View (385) 993-4409
Photo of Laken Shirey, MEd, CMHC, Counselor
Laken Shirey
Counselor, MEd, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84129
What do you notice in the quiet moments of your life? It might be self-criticism, guilt, or shame. Maybe you get stuck in the past, trying to figure out what went wrong, or preparing for every possible future scenario. For some people, there are no quiet moments, and for others, every second feels like deafening silence, even in a crowded room. Superficial interactions leave us feeling unseen, ignored, and alone. You deserve a time and space to be fully present and authentic without fear of judgment, dismissal, or empty platitudes.
What do you notice in the quiet moments of your life? It might be self-criticism, guilt, or shame. Maybe you get stuck in the past, trying to figure out what went wrong, or preparing for every possible future scenario. For some people, there are no quiet moments, and for others, every second feels like deafening silence, even in a crowded room. Superficial interactions leave us feeling unseen, ignored, and alone. You deserve a time and space to be fully present and authentic without fear of judgment, dismissal, or empty platitudes.
(435) 893-7837 View (435) 893-7837
Photo of Justin Trout - Justin Trout - NOCD, LPC, QMHP, Counselor
Justin Trout - NOCD
Counselor, LPC, QMHP
Verified Verified
West Valley City, UT 84128  (Online Only)
From a young age, personal experiences have called me to help people. I've always been passionate about seeing individuals overcome challenges and reach a point where they can say, "I feel better." In my family, I've witnessed the effects of bipolar disorder and major depression, and how they can impact a person and their entire support network. These experiences inspired me to pursue a career in mental health. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of its nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
From a young age, personal experiences have called me to help people. I've always been passionate about seeing individuals overcome challenges and reach a point where they can say, "I feel better." In my family, I've witnessed the effects of bipolar disorder and major depression, and how they can impact a person and their entire support network. These experiences inspired me to pursue a career in mental health. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of its nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
(410) 970-3725 View (410) 970-3725
Photo of Camille Hart, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Camille Hart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84118
Welcome! My name is Camille Hart. I am a licensed clinical social worker. My approach to therapy is strengths based. I believe that clients have strengths to draw on as we work towards building the skills we need to function at the level we desire. I enjoy working with clients who have a strong drive to improve their lives. I treat individuals ages 18 and older. I specialize in treating trauma, substance use disorders, grief, depression, and anxiety.
Welcome! My name is Camille Hart. I am a licensed clinical social worker. My approach to therapy is strengths based. I believe that clients have strengths to draw on as we work towards building the skills we need to function at the level we desire. I enjoy working with clients who have a strong drive to improve their lives. I treat individuals ages 18 and older. I specialize in treating trauma, substance use disorders, grief, depression, and anxiety.
(385) 503-8479 View (385) 503-8479
Photo of Mai Nguyen Blanchard, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mai Nguyen Blanchard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84118
I work with individuals, couples, and families to identify undesired behavioral and relational patterns. These patterns leave us feeling anxious and depressed, a telling sign that change/growth is needed. I specialize in immigrant trauma, second-generation immigrant experience, and interracial relationships/parenting. Being a second-generation immigrant myself, I have an understanding for the challenges families face in the immigrant experience.
I work with individuals, couples, and families to identify undesired behavioral and relational patterns. These patterns leave us feeling anxious and depressed, a telling sign that change/growth is needed. I specialize in immigrant trauma, second-generation immigrant experience, and interracial relationships/parenting. Being a second-generation immigrant myself, I have an understanding for the challenges families face in the immigrant experience.
(385) 786-6329 View (385) 786-6329
Photo of Jed Thorpe, CMHC, NCC, Counselor
Jed Thorpe
Counselor, CMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84118
Welcome to a space where your story is heard, your challenges are acknowledged, and your growth is celebrated. I’m Jed Thorpe, a licensed therapist and the creator behind the “Jed Said Therapy” YouTube channel that has over 90,000 subscribers. With a passion for guiding individuals through their unique paths of self-discovery and healing, Along with being trained and certified in EMDR, I offer a compassionate approach to therapy that integrates evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of human psychology. You are stronger and more resilient than you realize and I look forward to working with you.
Welcome to a space where your story is heard, your challenges are acknowledged, and your growth is celebrated. I’m Jed Thorpe, a licensed therapist and the creator behind the “Jed Said Therapy” YouTube channel that has over 90,000 subscribers. With a passion for guiding individuals through their unique paths of self-discovery and healing, Along with being trained and certified in EMDR, I offer a compassionate approach to therapy that integrates evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of human psychology. You are stronger and more resilient than you realize and I look forward to working with you.
(435) 244-3338 View (435) 244-3338
Photo of Kristen Tolbert - Associates in Corporate Psychology, EdD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Associates in Corporate Psychology
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84120  (Online Only)
We deliver high-quality executive mental health and leadership development programs that drive business success. Unlock peak performance, elevate workplace mental health, and drive business growth. Led by a team of highly skilled corporate psychotherapists, executive performance coaches, and organizational psychologists, we support group and team relations, leadership, communication, high performance, and thriving for healthy, high-performing leaders and teams that drive business success.
We deliver high-quality executive mental health and leadership development programs that drive business success. Unlock peak performance, elevate workplace mental health, and drive business growth. Led by a team of highly skilled corporate psychotherapists, executive performance coaches, and organizational psychologists, we support group and team relations, leadership, communication, high performance, and thriving for healthy, high-performing leaders and teams that drive business success.
(877) 759-0919 View (877) 759-0919
Photo of Caroline Schnarrs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Schnarrs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
West Valley City, UT 84120
For over 20 years I have compassionately navigated the mental health journey of my clients who have had a diverse set of issues. With experience with in-patient, out-patient, and addiction – I am most passionate about eliminating the stigma surrounding mental health treatment.
For over 20 years I have compassionately navigated the mental health journey of my clients who have had a diverse set of issues. With experience with in-patient, out-patient, and addiction – I am most passionate about eliminating the stigma surrounding mental health treatment.
(385) 406-3920 View (385) 406-3920
Photo of Mark West, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark West
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Jordan, UT 84084
I am Deven West, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and I am dedicated to improving the mental and emotional well being of my clients. I focus on supporting my clients through their personal healing and progress. My priorities are to create a safe and conducive environment for my clients to trust the therapeutic process. I help support the therapeutic journey of my clients by learning important interactions of thoughts and emotions, managing negative narratives, working to address maladaptive behaviors, and understanding relationship dynamics with others.
I am Deven West, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and I am dedicated to improving the mental and emotional well being of my clients. I focus on supporting my clients through their personal healing and progress. My priorities are to create a safe and conducive environment for my clients to trust the therapeutic process. I help support the therapeutic journey of my clients by learning important interactions of thoughts and emotions, managing negative narratives, working to address maladaptive behaviors, and understanding relationship dynamics with others.
(385) 200-9018 View (385) 200-9018
Steven Wong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylorsville, UT 84118
Life can be a puzzle, As a therapist, I work with children, adolescents, adults and families to help identify their strengths and help with solving their life puzzles. I have a wealth of experience with mood disorders, anxiety disorders,marital issues, childhood mental health disorders, as well as foster care and adoptive issues. I use individual, family, and couples therapy as needed for the situation. Give me a call and we can discuss if I can help and if not I can find a suitable referral for you.
Life can be a puzzle, As a therapist, I work with children, adolescents, adults and families to help identify their strengths and help with solving their life puzzles. I have a wealth of experience with mood disorders, anxiety disorders,marital issues, childhood mental health disorders, as well as foster care and adoptive issues. I use individual, family, and couples therapy as needed for the situation. Give me a call and we can discuss if I can help and if not I can find a suitable referral for you.
(801) 719-5127 View (801) 719-5127

See more therapy options for West Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Valley, UT

< 10

Therapists in West Valley, UT who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
88% Depression
88% Anxiety
88% Grief
88% Trauma and PTSD
88% Self Esteem
63% Anger Management

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% EMI Health
83% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Public Employees Health Plan

How Therapists in West Valley, UT see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

63% Female
37% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.