Therapists in Ward County, TX

Photo of Ana Collazo, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ana Collazo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monahans, TX 79756  (Online Only)
Hello! Counseling can be a difficult decision to make, but common reasons people may seek it may be due to anxiety, depression, anger issues, relationship issues or changes in life and crossroads in career or life paths and many others. In my experience people want to feel good about themselves and confident in their decisions and feel present with life again and feel supported and not judged! It is hard enough to be open and vulnerable and I want to provide a safe space for people to feel at ease and comforted.
Hello! Counseling can be a difficult decision to make, but common reasons people may seek it may be due to anxiety, depression, anger issues, relationship issues or changes in life and crossroads in career or life paths and many others. In my experience people want to feel good about themselves and confident in their decisions and feel present with life again and feel supported and not judged! It is hard enough to be open and vulnerable and I want to provide a safe space for people to feel at ease and comforted.
(432) 302-5927 View (432) 302-5927
Photo of Lynn A Price, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lynn A Price
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monahans, TX 79756
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! The decision to begin therapy is a brave one. You have taken the first steps to receive guidance on resolving personal crises, social issues, or other difficulties. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I earned a Masters in School Counseling and Professional Counseling from Sul Ross State University. I have worked with children and adolescents in various capacities for over 29 years. I specialize in working with children and adolescents who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, loss, ADHD, as well as self-esteem.
Welcome! The decision to begin therapy is a brave one. You have taken the first steps to receive guidance on resolving personal crises, social issues, or other difficulties. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I earned a Masters in School Counseling and Professional Counseling from Sul Ross State University. I have worked with children and adolescents in various capacities for over 29 years. I specialize in working with children and adolescents who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, loss, ADHD, as well as self-esteem.
(325) 515-5191 View (325) 515-5191
Photo of Estella Molina - Estella Molina, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Estella Molina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Monahans, TX 79756
Not accepting new clients
I am pleased to provide counseling services in both English and Spanish. I offer Christian- based counseling for my clients who want to incorporate their spiritual beliefs into the counseling process. For more than 10 years, I have counseled individuals and families on a variety of issues. I look forward to working with you to create and accomplish your goals. Together, we will craft a plan for your easy and optimistic life style. It is of the utmost importance to keep my clients' wishes at the forefront of the therapy process.
I am pleased to provide counseling services in both English and Spanish. I offer Christian- based counseling for my clients who want to incorporate their spiritual beliefs into the counseling process. For more than 10 years, I have counseled individuals and families on a variety of issues. I look forward to working with you to create and accomplish your goals. Together, we will craft a plan for your easy and optimistic life style. It is of the utmost importance to keep my clients' wishes at the forefront of the therapy process.
(432) 239-1394 View (432) 239-1394
Photo of Tammy Martin, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tammy Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monahans, TX 79756
Maybe you're not sure when or why, but the emotional burdens you have been carrying became heavier. You've been carrying that pain for a while, hoping you could deal with it by yourself. But now, there's also worry, anger, shame, frustration, grief or exhaustion that you struggle to understand and cope with. Maybe you've started wondering if you're anxious or depressed. You thought about talking to someone, but worried that no one would understand, and maybe even judge you.
Maybe you're not sure when or why, but the emotional burdens you have been carrying became heavier. You've been carrying that pain for a while, hoping you could deal with it by yourself. But now, there's also worry, anger, shame, frustration, grief or exhaustion that you struggle to understand and cope with. Maybe you've started wondering if you're anxious or depressed. You thought about talking to someone, but worried that no one would understand, and maybe even judge you.
(432) 847-4329 View (432) 847-4329
Photo of Amy Garman, MA, LPC-S, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Garman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monahans, TX 79756
I am committed to helping people move through the trauma that has been, or continues to be in their lives. I believe that a genuine empathetic attitude from me to my clients is the most important thing I can do as a therapist. I use several modalities in my client centered therapeutic approach. I work with adults, adolescents, and children with a wide range of problems such as depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am Attachment Focused EMDR trained and I believe that this is an extremely successful way to relieve some of the symptoms associated with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety and disturbances associated with trauma.
I am committed to helping people move through the trauma that has been, or continues to be in their lives. I believe that a genuine empathetic attitude from me to my clients is the most important thing I can do as a therapist. I use several modalities in my client centered therapeutic approach. I work with adults, adolescents, and children with a wide range of problems such as depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am Attachment Focused EMDR trained and I believe that this is an extremely successful way to relieve some of the symptoms associated with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety and disturbances associated with trauma.
(432) 214-8046 View (432) 214-8046
Photo of Donn Edgington, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Donn Edgington
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Monahans, TX 79756
My name is Donn Edgington. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the State of Texas. I work with individuals and families for a wide variety of reasons for seeking services. I work with teenagers up to senior adults. I do Telehealth and can work with many situations including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and other issues. I am a cognitive therapist. I believe that the way we think, feel, and behave are all intertwined, and if we can change one of those three, the other two will change. I try to make my sessions comfortable for the client. I have been told I am easy to speak with and I listen well.
My name is Donn Edgington. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the State of Texas. I work with individuals and families for a wide variety of reasons for seeking services. I work with teenagers up to senior adults. I do Telehealth and can work with many situations including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and other issues. I am a cognitive therapist. I believe that the way we think, feel, and behave are all intertwined, and if we can change one of those three, the other two will change. I try to make my sessions comfortable for the client. I have been told I am easy to speak with and I listen well.
(346) 553-9219 View (346) 553-9219
Photo of Lauro Guzman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauro Guzman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Monahans, TX 79756  (Online Only)
Greetings! I am Lauro Guzman; I am a down-to-earth clinician, and my goal is to help you better understand and resolve challenges in your life. We first complete an evaluation to gather relevant information about your past and your current circumstances. We can then look for the source of your problem or identify behavior patterns that may be keeping you back from a healthy, balanced life. Clients I work with include adults ages 18 to 99 and address the following conditions: depression, anxiety, anger management, and stress. I do not work with couples or families. I also do not complete FMLA /employment leave paperwork.
Greetings! I am Lauro Guzman; I am a down-to-earth clinician, and my goal is to help you better understand and resolve challenges in your life. We first complete an evaluation to gather relevant information about your past and your current circumstances. We can then look for the source of your problem or identify behavior patterns that may be keeping you back from a healthy, balanced life. Clients I work with include adults ages 18 to 99 and address the following conditions: depression, anxiety, anger management, and stress. I do not work with couples or families. I also do not complete FMLA /employment leave paperwork.
(346) 788-5169 View (346) 788-5169
Photo of Amy Garman - Balance Counseling , LPC-S, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Balance Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monahans, TX 79756
At Balance Counseling, we are invested in healing. Our team of licensed professional counselors and licensed professional counselor associates stay current on the most trauma-informed and attachment-based methods so that we can help you get to the root of your struggles. We are committed to meet clients where they are, and we take a highly individualized, holistic approach to counseling. We treat children, teens and adults experiencing a variety of challenges to their mental health
At Balance Counseling, we are invested in healing. Our team of licensed professional counselors and licensed professional counselor associates stay current on the most trauma-informed and attachment-based methods so that we can help you get to the root of your struggles. We are committed to meet clients where they are, and we take a highly individualized, holistic approach to counseling. We treat children, teens and adults experiencing a variety of challenges to their mental health
(432) 226-7981 View (432) 226-7981

Online Therapists

Photo of Sindy Muro, LPC-A, MA
Sindy Muro
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midland, TX 79701
You are here because you are taking the first steps toward seeking help, and I admire your courage to reach out. We each have the innate potential to heal and grow, and I am committed to being present with you in a beautiful journey free from judgment. I strive to create a welcoming, safe, and accepting environment where my clients can be genuine. Therapy is effective in gaining insight, resilience, and empowerment, allowing the opportunity to honor your authentic self.
You are here because you are taking the first steps toward seeking help, and I admire your courage to reach out. We each have the innate potential to heal and grow, and I am committed to being present with you in a beautiful journey free from judgment. I strive to create a welcoming, safe, and accepting environment where my clients can be genuine. Therapy is effective in gaining insight, resilience, and empowerment, allowing the opportunity to honor your authentic self.
(432) 200-0690 View (432) 200-0690
Photo of Dr. Mark White - Dr. White and Associates, PC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. White and Associates, PC
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Odessa, TX 79762
Caught up in compulsive sexual behavior, pornography, infidelity, sexual temptation, or relationship distress? Does it feel betraying to your partner? Do you feel betrayed? Traumatized/retraumatized by the experience, or by failed recovery efforts? Trying recovery on your own? Stuck on “why . . .” questions? Does your status in life limit treatment? Contrary to the experience, you want to reconcile your relationship, you want a new normal. Discovered recently or years ago, the guilt, shame, and betrayal pain can repeatedly feel like it yesterday. There is hope and healing for the compulsive partner and for the traumatized partner.
Caught up in compulsive sexual behavior, pornography, infidelity, sexual temptation, or relationship distress? Does it feel betraying to your partner? Do you feel betrayed? Traumatized/retraumatized by the experience, or by failed recovery efforts? Trying recovery on your own? Stuck on “why . . .” questions? Does your status in life limit treatment? Contrary to the experience, you want to reconcile your relationship, you want a new normal. Discovered recently or years ago, the guilt, shame, and betrayal pain can repeatedly feel like it yesterday. There is hope and healing for the compulsive partner and for the traumatized partner.
(806) 375-3958 View (806) 375-3958
Photo of Veronica Moreno-Rodriguez, MA, LPC-A
Veronica Moreno-Rodriguez
LPC-Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midland, TX 79701
Have you ever felt as if trying your best is not enough? Overwhelmed and exhausted by life, unsure where to turn or who to ask for help because you do not want to be a burden. I have a seat on my couch for you. Trauma can manifest in many ways, and it is often a struggle to let go of the past. Your experiences during challenging times can leave profound wounds that are invisible to the eye. Change can be difficult, terrifying, and painful, but you do not have to do it alone. There is hope, and healing starts with you!
Have you ever felt as if trying your best is not enough? Overwhelmed and exhausted by life, unsure where to turn or who to ask for help because you do not want to be a burden. I have a seat on my couch for you. Trauma can manifest in many ways, and it is often a struggle to let go of the past. Your experiences during challenging times can leave profound wounds that are invisible to the eye. Change can be difficult, terrifying, and painful, but you do not have to do it alone. There is hope, and healing starts with you!
(432) 237-4925 View (432) 237-4925
Photo of Nancy L Piette, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nancy L Piette
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midland, TX 79707
My clients and I enjoy a relaxed, conversational relationship. Together, we find ways to empower them toward hope and forward movment in life. By working through situations they are facing, we explore how to help them manage problems in life instead of problems managing the clients.
My clients and I enjoy a relaxed, conversational relationship. Together, we find ways to empower them toward hope and forward movment in life. By working through situations they are facing, we explore how to help them manage problems in life instead of problems managing the clients.
(432) 348-2402 View (432) 348-2402
Photo of Marilee Melendez, MA, LPC
Marilee Melendez
MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Midland, TX 79701
Congratulations on making this great first step towards your wellbeing! I understand that finding the right counselor for you is of great importance, that is why I deeply value each client and your trust in our partnership. My approach is to treat every person and their situations as their own and work as a team to figure out what is best for you and your therapeutic needs. I offer genuine, empathetic, and honest counseling sessions. I believe in sharing my own vulnerabilities and experiences to be a compassionate and relatable counselor for you.
Congratulations on making this great first step towards your wellbeing! I understand that finding the right counselor for you is of great importance, that is why I deeply value each client and your trust in our partnership. My approach is to treat every person and their situations as their own and work as a team to figure out what is best for you and your therapeutic needs. I offer genuine, empathetic, and honest counseling sessions. I believe in sharing my own vulnerabilities and experiences to be a compassionate and relatable counselor for you.
(432) 300-4591 View (432) 300-4591
Photo of Margaret Abrell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margaret Abrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Odessa, TX 79761
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas with over twenty years of experience working in social services and two and a half years of counseling experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, adoption, and challenges with self-harming. In sessions I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing. In session I take a client centered approach, I am here to support the client and to help along their journey.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas with over twenty years of experience working in social services and two and a half years of counseling experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, adoption, and challenges with self-harming. In sessions I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing. In session I take a client centered approach, I am here to support the client and to help along their journey.
(432) 300-6273 View (432) 300-6273
Photo of Kandis R Snowden, MA
Kandis R Snowden
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midland, TX 79701
Kandis Snowden is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, being supervised by Cheryl Willoughby LPC-S. lts challenging to go into a fancy office and speak with a stranger in a world with so much stigma regarding help for our mental health. My heart desires to make you feel safe and welcome. I offer a comfortable and relaxed atmosphere, like sitting on the porch. By caring, we allow growth, healing, and change to occur—a place to sit on a porch where anything can be said and not held against you. If you want to understand the past or want to discuss the future; there is nothing that good ol’ porch therapy cannot do.
Kandis Snowden is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, being supervised by Cheryl Willoughby LPC-S. lts challenging to go into a fancy office and speak with a stranger in a world with so much stigma regarding help for our mental health. My heart desires to make you feel safe and welcome. I offer a comfortable and relaxed atmosphere, like sitting on the porch. By caring, we allow growth, healing, and change to occur—a place to sit on a porch where anything can be said and not held against you. If you want to understand the past or want to discuss the future; there is nothing that good ol’ porch therapy cannot do.
(432) 287-1184 View (432) 287-1184
Photo of Garland Willis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Garland Willis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Odessa, TX 79765
I am Garland Willis, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I began counseling after retiring as a school principal in 2017. I look forward to working with individuals, families, couples, and adults with Anger Management, Coping Skills, Anxiety, Family Conflict, and Relationship Issues. I firmly believe that by changing the perception of events, a person can indeed change their life.
I am Garland Willis, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I began counseling after retiring as a school principal in 2017. I look forward to working with individuals, families, couples, and adults with Anger Management, Coping Skills, Anxiety, Family Conflict, and Relationship Issues. I firmly believe that by changing the perception of events, a person can indeed change their life.
(512) 764-0757 View (512) 764-0757
Photo of Barbara A Kennedy, MPH, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara A Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPH, LMSW
Verified Verified
Midland, TX 79705
When the heart opens, the imagination expands, the memory becomes more abstract, the mind grows, and one’s relationships acquire depth and complexity, this changes all relationships with all things. First, we identify who or what triggers your anxiety and/or depression. Are you living in isolation? Are you eating and sleeping properly? What is depression and what are the symptoms? Is it the time of year? The holidays? A recent loss? The end of something you thought would go on forever? A diagnosis of yourself or a loved one? Triggers are everywhere. Anger is another conversation; substance abuse is just different levels of numbing.
When the heart opens, the imagination expands, the memory becomes more abstract, the mind grows, and one’s relationships acquire depth and complexity, this changes all relationships with all things. First, we identify who or what triggers your anxiety and/or depression. Are you living in isolation? Are you eating and sleeping properly? What is depression and what are the symptoms? Is it the time of year? The holidays? A recent loss? The end of something you thought would go on forever? A diagnosis of yourself or a loved one? Triggers are everywhere. Anger is another conversation; substance abuse is just different levels of numbing.
(405) 251-8642 View (405) 251-8642
Photo of Desirae Cardona, MA
Desirae Cardona
LPC Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midland, TX 79707
Learning how to cope with change can sometimes prove to be difficult. You may be struggling to cope with change of school and/or work, going through a different stage in your life, or even struggling to communicate boundaries with others. My approach is to collaborate with the client to develop self-awareness, self-compassion and coping mechanisms to navigate life’s challenges. I integrate evidence-based techniques with a person-centered approach, adjusting my interventions to meet the specific goals and needs of each client.
Learning how to cope with change can sometimes prove to be difficult. You may be struggling to cope with change of school and/or work, going through a different stage in your life, or even struggling to communicate boundaries with others. My approach is to collaborate with the client to develop self-awareness, self-compassion and coping mechanisms to navigate life’s challenges. I integrate evidence-based techniques with a person-centered approach, adjusting my interventions to meet the specific goals and needs of each client.
(432) 302-5933 View (432) 302-5933
Photo of Joevany Sanchez, LPC-A, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joevany Sanchez
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Midland, TX 79707
Joevany Sanchez is a Licensed Professional Counseling Associate, who is being supervised by Deidra Fuller LPC-S, and has been a resident of the Permian Basin since 2013. She enjoys helping pre-teens, teens, and adults of all ages. Joevany specializes in depression, grief, anxiety, divorce, life changes, and relationship issues.
Joevany Sanchez is a Licensed Professional Counseling Associate, who is being supervised by Deidra Fuller LPC-S, and has been a resident of the Permian Basin since 2013. She enjoys helping pre-teens, teens, and adults of all ages. Joevany specializes in depression, grief, anxiety, divorce, life changes, and relationship issues.
(432) 255-1520 View (432) 255-1520
Photo of George F. Gomez, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
George F. Gomez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Odessa, TX 79761
In therapy you will develop greater levels of insight, understanding regarding personal motivations, internal conflicts, and emotions. I have 29 years of clinical experience and have attended numerous trainings over the years at the national level. The knowledge and experience gained over 29 years have prepared me to help people with a multitude of problems.
In therapy you will develop greater levels of insight, understanding regarding personal motivations, internal conflicts, and emotions. I have 29 years of clinical experience and have attended numerous trainings over the years at the national level. The knowledge and experience gained over 29 years have prepared me to help people with a multitude of problems.
(432) 231-0523 View (432) 231-0523

See more therapy options for Ward County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ward County, TX

< 10

Therapists in Ward County, TX who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
88% Grief
88% Trauma and PTSD
88% Self Esteem
88% Stress
75% Child

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Ward County, TX see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ward County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.