Spirituality Therapists in Royse City, TX

Photo of James D. Coley, MDiv, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
James D. Coley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
My clients are adults of all ages working through a wide range of issues, such as depression, anxiety, addiction, grief, spiritual disconnection, relationship difficulties, and more. I have a particular interest and additional experience with the LGBTQ population, young adults working to establish their identities, those working through painful grief journeys, and those who are exploring their faith or spirituality. My goal is always to create a space free from judgment where you can explore who you are, who you want to be, and how you become that person!
My clients are adults of all ages working through a wide range of issues, such as depression, anxiety, addiction, grief, spiritual disconnection, relationship difficulties, and more. I have a particular interest and additional experience with the LGBTQ population, young adults working to establish their identities, those working through painful grief journeys, and those who are exploring their faith or spirituality. My goal is always to create a space free from judgment where you can explore who you are, who you want to be, and how you become that person!
(972) 476-0550 View (972) 476-0550
Photo of Elizabeth Davis - Teen Counseling @ Embrace New Life, DSW, PsyD, LPC, LCSW, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teen Counseling @ Embrace New Life
Licensed Professional Counselor, DSW, PsyD, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
Counselors are trained in working with: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma, family issues, communication struggles, sex, spirituality, stress and much more!.
🅟🅐🅡🅔🅝🅣🅢: Have you noticed a change in your teen's behavior? Do they seem more depressed or irritable than usual? 🅣🅔🅔🅝🅢: Are you feeling stress related to school, home or friends? Embrace NEW LIFE provides a SAFE space for your teen to explore boundaries, connection & mindfulness. SENIORs-to-COLLEGE: we provide structure and support for this key transition year. We provide VIDEO sessions as needed. << 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 & 𝗪𝗲𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀 >> ☏ 𝕋𝕠𝕕𝕒𝕪!
Counselors are trained in working with: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma, family issues, communication struggles, sex, spirituality, stress and much more!.
🅟🅐🅡🅔🅝🅣🅢: Have you noticed a change in your teen's behavior? Do they seem more depressed or irritable than usual? 🅣🅔🅔🅝🅢: Are you feeling stress related to school, home or friends? Embrace NEW LIFE provides a SAFE space for your teen to explore boundaries, connection & mindfulness. SENIORs-to-COLLEGE: we provide structure and support for this key transition year. We provide VIDEO sessions as needed. << 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 & 𝗪𝗲𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀 >> ☏ 𝕋𝕠𝕕𝕒𝕪!
(972) 460-9288 View (972) 460-9288
Photo of Milton M Timoteo - Contextual Counseling, PLLC, LPC, LMHC , LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Contextual Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC , LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
Hope is the ability to see light despite the darkness." - Desmond Tutu. With over 20 years of experience, I combine proven therapeutic techniques with genuine empathy to nurture hope and growth. I help clients uncover their strengths, develop effective coping strategies, and make meaningful changes. Seeking therapy is a courageous step. Whether you're facing life transitions, mental health challenges, or aiming to improve your well-being, I'll support you in achieving your goals and creating a balanced, fulfilling life.
Hope is the ability to see light despite the darkness." - Desmond Tutu. With over 20 years of experience, I combine proven therapeutic techniques with genuine empathy to nurture hope and growth. I help clients uncover their strengths, develop effective coping strategies, and make meaningful changes. Seeking therapy is a courageous step. Whether you're facing life transitions, mental health challenges, or aiming to improve your well-being, I'll support you in achieving your goals and creating a balanced, fulfilling life.
(469) 414-9250 View (469) 414-9250
Photo of Jeff Quan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jeff Quan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
Are you sick and tired of being sick and tired, but unsure what to do about it? Does anxiety, depression, or other life conditions keep you from being your best? If so, I may be able to assist you in your growth and development along your healing journey. I serve to empower my clients and assist them in working through and overcoming their mental and behavioral health struggles.
Are you sick and tired of being sick and tired, but unsure what to do about it? Does anxiety, depression, or other life conditions keep you from being your best? If so, I may be able to assist you in your growth and development along your healing journey. I serve to empower my clients and assist them in working through and overcoming their mental and behavioral health struggles.
(469) 746-5793 View (469) 746-5793
Photo of Gloria Dukes, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gloria Dukes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189  (Online Only)
Relationships can be full of conflicts fueled by the emotions of unresolved hurt, pain and insecurities. Marriages struggle because of inability to communicate needs and desires in an effective way and are often hampered by anger and emotion fueled episodes. I would love to assist you in fine tuning your tools to help build healthy interactions in your life and assist you in moving from hurt to healing, growth and the ability to thrive in your relationships. I specialize in restoring relationships and assisting clients in diving deep to heal past hurts that hinder present growth.
Relationships can be full of conflicts fueled by the emotions of unresolved hurt, pain and insecurities. Marriages struggle because of inability to communicate needs and desires in an effective way and are often hampered by anger and emotion fueled episodes. I would love to assist you in fine tuning your tools to help build healthy interactions in your life and assist you in moving from hurt to healing, growth and the ability to thrive in your relationships. I specialize in restoring relationships and assisting clients in diving deep to heal past hurts that hinder present growth.
(972) 694-1030 View (972) 694-1030
Photo of Yvonne Vina Pleasant, LPC, CRC, CVE, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yvonne Vina Pleasant
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, CVE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189  (Online Only)
You are not alone. At one point or another, we all experience issues related to relationships, work and family. Oftentimes those experiences are associated with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma and feelings and emotions that we cannot explain. Counseling is an opportunity to participate in evidence-based treatments to help cope with mental and emotional distress and begin the journey to becoming the best version of you. As a mental health therapist my goal is to provide a safe, open and nonjudgmental environment to help individuals improve mental health, address relationship difficulties and adjust to life’s changes. Be Empowered!
You are not alone. At one point or another, we all experience issues related to relationships, work and family. Oftentimes those experiences are associated with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma and feelings and emotions that we cannot explain. Counseling is an opportunity to participate in evidence-based treatments to help cope with mental and emotional distress and begin the journey to becoming the best version of you. As a mental health therapist my goal is to provide a safe, open and nonjudgmental environment to help individuals improve mental health, address relationship difficulties and adjust to life’s changes. Be Empowered!
(469) 727-5453 View (469) 727-5453
Photo of Lori Woodford - Lori Woodford, RN, Nurse, Coach, Board, Certifi, ed
Lori Woodford, RN
Nurse, Coach, Board, Certifi, ed
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189  (Online Only)
I work with adults of all ages on preventing, treating, and reversing headaches, GI symptoms, muscle/joint pain, etc. Why is this so important? We live in a world that places many demands on us, and often times, we don't even realize it until our finances, or our health are suffering. Chronic stress leads to inflammation and can cause our immune system to attack healthy organs & tissues-leading to chronic conditions (arthritis, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, heart disease), etc. Helping others live their lives with intention & purpose is MY purpose & passion. I'm so glad you're here-let's connect!
I work with adults of all ages on preventing, treating, and reversing headaches, GI symptoms, muscle/joint pain, etc. Why is this so important? We live in a world that places many demands on us, and often times, we don't even realize it until our finances, or our health are suffering. Chronic stress leads to inflammation and can cause our immune system to attack healthy organs & tissues-leading to chronic conditions (arthritis, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, heart disease), etc. Helping others live their lives with intention & purpose is MY purpose & passion. I'm so glad you're here-let's connect!
(469) 812-7984 View (469) 812-7984
Photo of Amy K Murphy, MS, LPC-A
Amy K Murphy
LPC Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
Sometimes life is overwhelming as struggles come too fast to manage. Other times, the repetition and sameness of each day piles up and just trudging forward feels like too much. Whether anxiety is out of control or the way ahead simply is unclear, there is a way forward. I work with people who are facing life transitions, from puberty to childbirth to menopause and beyond.
Sometimes life is overwhelming as struggles come too fast to manage. Other times, the repetition and sameness of each day piles up and just trudging forward feels like too much. Whether anxiety is out of control or the way ahead simply is unclear, there is a way forward. I work with people who are facing life transitions, from puberty to childbirth to menopause and beyond.
(469) 382-4154 View (469) 382-4154
Photo of Elizabeth Davis - Embrace New Life / Counseling & Wellness, DSW, PsyD , PhD, LPC, AACC LC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Embrace New Life / Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, DSW, PsyD , PhD, LPC, AACC LC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
Our hope is that 𝐄𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 (𝐞𝐍𝐋) is a place where each and every person who enters our doors, no matter how big or small their problems - feel cared for, safe, and important. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫! Our goal is to come alongside you as you work toward personal healing and emotional connection. 𝐞𝐍𝐋 is a leading provider of high-quality, private counseling for teens, adults & couples. #𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 #𝐖𝐞𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞 #𝐋𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬 We are 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝-𝙗𝙖𝙨𝙚𝙙 ✞, 𝙥𝙨𝙮𝙘𝙝𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮-𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙙 Ψ & 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙮-𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙙 ♥ ! ☎ Today!
Our hope is that 𝐄𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 (𝐞𝐍𝐋) is a place where each and every person who enters our doors, no matter how big or small their problems - feel cared for, safe, and important. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫! Our goal is to come alongside you as you work toward personal healing and emotional connection. 𝐞𝐍𝐋 is a leading provider of high-quality, private counseling for teens, adults & couples. #𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 #𝐖𝐞𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞 #𝐋𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬 We are 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙩𝙝-𝙗𝙖𝙨𝙚𝙙 ✞, 𝙥𝙨𝙮𝙘𝙝𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮-𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙙 Ψ & 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙮-𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙙 ♥ ! ☎ Today!
(972) 449-1687 View (972) 449-1687
Photo of Edward Luna, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Edward Luna
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
Anxiety, depression, and relationship issues take a toll on everyday life. They can lead to counter-productive coping strategies such as substance use (i.e., alcohol) and may even further complicate your interactions with others. While these concerns have become all too familiar in our society, the experience is uniquely personal. Symptoms vary widely from persistent stress and worry, mindless habits (i.e., endlessly scrolling the internet), trouble sleeping, lack of motivation, irritability, fatigue, and loss of interest. Fortunately, there is hope as these types of issues are treatable—change is possible.
Anxiety, depression, and relationship issues take a toll on everyday life. They can lead to counter-productive coping strategies such as substance use (i.e., alcohol) and may even further complicate your interactions with others. While these concerns have become all too familiar in our society, the experience is uniquely personal. Symptoms vary widely from persistent stress and worry, mindless habits (i.e., endlessly scrolling the internet), trouble sleeping, lack of motivation, irritability, fatigue, and loss of interest. Fortunately, there is hope as these types of issues are treatable—change is possible.
(972) 292-7092 View (972) 292-7092
Photo of Melissa Holt, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Holt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
We all need to feel loved, cared for, supported, and like we matter. I am a firm believer in meeting my clients where they are in life. When these needs are not met, we feel anxious, depressed and hopeless. These feelings may spill into your relationships as well and become self-destructive. Every emotion you feel is valid, and my goal is for my clients and couples to feel empowered, worthy, and safe.
We all need to feel loved, cared for, supported, and like we matter. I am a firm believer in meeting my clients where they are in life. When these needs are not met, we feel anxious, depressed and hopeless. These feelings may spill into your relationships as well and become self-destructive. Every emotion you feel is valid, and my goal is for my clients and couples to feel empowered, worthy, and safe.
(469) 457-3974 View (469) 457-3974
Photo of Jennifer Oxford, CMHC, LPC, Counselor
Jennifer Oxford
Counselor, CMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189  (Online Only)
My counseling philosophy is focused on helping individuals as they go through adversity to continue their personal growth through compassionate therapy. I am excited to work with individuals who seek to increase emotional regulation, heal from adversity, and desire to improve their relationships with themselves and others. I firmly believe in helping people navigate through issues and circumstances to reach their goals in all aspects of their lives. Through strengths and evidence-based therapies, I will cheer and guide individuals to self-empowerment and increased quality of life.
My counseling philosophy is focused on helping individuals as they go through adversity to continue their personal growth through compassionate therapy. I am excited to work with individuals who seek to increase emotional regulation, heal from adversity, and desire to improve their relationships with themselves and others. I firmly believe in helping people navigate through issues and circumstances to reach their goals in all aspects of their lives. Through strengths and evidence-based therapies, I will cheer and guide individuals to self-empowerment and increased quality of life.
(469) 654-4752 View (469) 654-4752
Photo of Shann Davis, MA, CPC-C
Shann Davis
MA, CPC-C
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
Life can be complicated...marriage, children, extended families, work, and school. Then life happens within these units and it can really get messy...and stressful! But you don't have to figure it out alone. With a masters degree in Psychology and an emphasis in Life Coaching, I can help you navigate these often, overwhelming seasons of life. (A former secondary educator, I also work with teenagers.)
Life can be complicated...marriage, children, extended families, work, and school. Then life happens within these units and it can really get messy...and stressful! But you don't have to figure it out alone. With a masters degree in Psychology and an emphasis in Life Coaching, I can help you navigate these often, overwhelming seasons of life. (A former secondary educator, I also work with teenagers.)
(469) 203-4989 View (469) 203-4989
Elizabeth Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, PsyD , (ABD)
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
Struggling with relationship hurdles? Battling anxiety or overwhelming panic? Haunted by lingering trauma? You're far from being on your own. Here's the bright side – there's a beacon of hope. We don't offer a one-size-fits-all solution. Instead, we base our counseling on a Biblical foundation with the best from neuroscience and wellness – into tailored counseling crafted just for you. But beyond techniques, what truly matters is our connection. Our sessions are your safe haven, where warmth and understanding thrive. Remember, YouMatter, and we're here to help.
Struggling with relationship hurdles? Battling anxiety or overwhelming panic? Haunted by lingering trauma? You're far from being on your own. Here's the bright side – there's a beacon of hope. We don't offer a one-size-fits-all solution. Instead, we base our counseling on a Biblical foundation with the best from neuroscience and wellness – into tailored counseling crafted just for you. But beyond techniques, what truly matters is our connection. Our sessions are your safe haven, where warmth and understanding thrive. Remember, YouMatter, and we're here to help.
(469) 203-4989 View (469) 203-4989
Photo of Ashley Ortiz, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Ortiz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189  (Online Only)
Are you needing peace of mind or hope for the future? "Peace and hope come one step at a time." Each person defines peace and hope in many different ways, and I am here to help guide you on your path. I provide high quality and person-centered care using dynamic therapeutic approaches and techniques.
Are you needing peace of mind or hope for the future? "Peace and hope come one step at a time." Each person defines peace and hope in many different ways, and I am here to help guide you on your path. I provide high quality and person-centered care using dynamic therapeutic approaches and techniques.
(903) 206-1846 View (903) 206-1846
Photo of Lauren Coats - Rockwall Counseling and Wellness, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rockwall Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL AND IN-PERSON SESSIONS! I'm Lauren Coats, licensed professional counselor and owner of Rockwall Counseling and Wellness. We take pride in being a boutique practice. We see less clients so that we may spend more time preparing for each one. You can expect a high level of care and confidentiality when you see one of our expert therapists. Our office provides you with private parking behind our office on Ridge Road in the heart Rockwall.
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL AND IN-PERSON SESSIONS! I'm Lauren Coats, licensed professional counselor and owner of Rockwall Counseling and Wellness. We take pride in being a boutique practice. We see less clients so that we may spend more time preparing for each one. You can expect a high level of care and confidentiality when you see one of our expert therapists. Our office provides you with private parking behind our office on Ridge Road in the heart Rockwall.
(214) 817-3593 View (214) 817-3593
Photo of Shanon Thomas, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shanon Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
As a therapist, I bring my life, career, academic, and ministry experience to the counseling profession. Along with empathy and compassion, a healthy therapeutic connection develops. Throughout life, we can be faced with struggles that require the expertise and experience of a licensed professional. I help those who are facing a variety of life and mentally impactful challenges. Together we work to achieve the goals that are most important to you to live the life you desire.
As a therapist, I bring my life, career, academic, and ministry experience to the counseling profession. Along with empathy and compassion, a healthy therapeutic connection develops. Throughout life, we can be faced with struggles that require the expertise and experience of a licensed professional. I help those who are facing a variety of life and mentally impactful challenges. Together we work to achieve the goals that are most important to you to live the life you desire.
(469) 757-4986 View (469) 757-4986
Photo of Pamela D. Vrana, MS, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pamela D. Vrana
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
I have a passion for working with individuals, couples, and families in assisting them to find their true potential and "be the change they want to see." I can help couples and families that are feeling lost and confused by functioning as a guide, and together we can develop reference points towards resolving conflicts. I am a level three Gottman trained therapist.
I have a passion for working with individuals, couples, and families in assisting them to find their true potential and "be the change they want to see." I can help couples and families that are feeling lost and confused by functioning as a guide, and together we can develop reference points towards resolving conflicts. I am a level three Gottman trained therapist.
(469) 844-4573 View (469) 844-4573
Photo of Linda Ludden - The Ludden Group, P.C., EdD, Psy, LPC-S, Psychologist
The Ludden Group, P.C.
Psychologist, EdD, Psy, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Royse City, TX 75189
I have more than twenty five years experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in individual, marital, family, and groups in the field of counseling health services. My experience includes consulting in inpatient psychiatric and hospitals, medical/surgical hospitals, nursing homes, pain management clinics, and private practice. I also specialize in career testing and counseling for high school students, college students, and in career transition for adults. I have served as a psychologist and director of a Christian counseling center for eight years and as a psychologist and manager for the employee assistance program for Methodist Hospitals of Dallas.
I have more than twenty five years experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in individual, marital, family, and groups in the field of counseling health services. My experience includes consulting in inpatient psychiatric and hospitals, medical/surgical hospitals, nursing homes, pain management clinics, and private practice. I also specialize in career testing and counseling for high school students, college students, and in career transition for adults. I have served as a psychologist and director of a Christian counseling center for eight years and as a psychologist and manager for the employee assistance program for Methodist Hospitals of Dallas.
(972) 646-2801 View (972) 646-2801
Photo of Lauren Coats, BS, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Coats
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Royse City, TX 75189
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
(972) 992-5957 View (972) 992-5957
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Spirituality Therapists

What should I expect from therapy that incorporates a focus on spirituality?

Spirituality can mean different things to different individuals, depending on their experiences, beliefs, and life histories. Some individuals focus on strengthening their belief system, while others experience spirituality in secular ways, such as through meditation, yoga, or by spending time in nature. Clients can expect a therapist to help guide and grow their spirituality through any of these techniques, encouraging the individual to cope with the challenges they face and develop strategies to build resilience and purpose to improve their outlook in life.

What are the most common treatments that include spirituality?

There are several treatments that incorporate spirituality. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) helps a person examine and reframe their negative thoughts and behaviors. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on emotional acceptance and psychological flexibility. Existential therapy is most often used to address anxiety, depression, grief, loneliness, apathy, despair, questions of identity, and feelings of purposelessness and existential dread. Transpersonal therapy focuses on a client’s spirituality and meaning in life and may incorporate techniques including meditation, visualization, hypnotherapy, dream analysis, and or breathwork.

Can therapy incorporating spirituality help atheistic or agnostic individuals?

Yes. For non-believers, spirituality can offer benefits including a greater sense of connection to others and to the natural world. An interest in spirituality may also spur individuals to pursue mindfulness practices, or to contemplate their purpose in life and how to achieve it.

How effective is spirituality as a therapeutic remedy?

​​Research suggests spirituality is generally beneficial for individuals. It is correlated with better health habits, such as less substance use, and an improved capacity to cope with stress and other mental health challenges. Increased spirituality can lead individuals to become more empathic and less materialistic, as well.