Infertility Therapists in Rockwall, TX

Photo of Brandy Smith - Rockwall Heath Counseling , LMSW, LPC, BCBC, MA, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rockwall Heath Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMSW, LPC, BCBC, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032
Our focus areas: Narcissism & abuse, play facilitated therapy, infertility, child & teen behavior & self-control issues, grief & loss, adult & teen ADD/ADHD, trauma, teen issues, blended families/divorce & post-divorce care, family reunification, couples counseling: in crisis, pre-marital, communication & infidelity, & adoption.
At Rockwall Heath Counseling, our Dallas area clients know we provide a superior level of care & therapeutic excellence in areas that promote healing, growth & confidence in your counseling process. Our team treats grief & loss, neurodivergence/ADHD, marriage counseling, infidelity, infertility, narcissistic & abusive relationships, play therapy, blended & divorced families, family reunification, with over 35+ specialties & certifications and a 60+ combined years of counseling experience. Counseling ages 6 through adult, we are committed to your growth, change & healing. Change is hard but change is what we do.
Our focus areas: Narcissism & abuse, play facilitated therapy, infertility, child & teen behavior & self-control issues, grief & loss, adult & teen ADD/ADHD, trauma, teen issues, blended families/divorce & post-divorce care, family reunification, couples counseling: in crisis, pre-marital, communication & infidelity, & adoption.
At Rockwall Heath Counseling, our Dallas area clients know we provide a superior level of care & therapeutic excellence in areas that promote healing, growth & confidence in your counseling process. Our team treats grief & loss, neurodivergence/ADHD, marriage counseling, infidelity, infertility, narcissistic & abusive relationships, play therapy, blended & divorced families, family reunification, with over 35+ specialties & certifications and a 60+ combined years of counseling experience. Counseling ages 6 through adult, we are committed to your growth, change & healing. Change is hard but change is what we do.
(214) 833-9209 View (214) 833-9209
Photo of Shelia Kirksey, LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelia Kirksey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy is rarely an easy task and I applaud your courage in making this brave choice. Navigating life's challenges can be overwhelming and leave you feeling alone or unsure of what's next. In our time together, we will not only address the root of your challenges yet also identify solutions that alleviate worry and enhance your confidence in successfully moving forward. I am here to support you in the next steps of your journey toward becoming the best version of you. My specialty areas include: Life Transitions, Fertility/ Infertility Issues, Anxiety, Women's Issues, Sexuality, Sexual Trauma, and Stress Management.
Seeking therapy is rarely an easy task and I applaud your courage in making this brave choice. Navigating life's challenges can be overwhelming and leave you feeling alone or unsure of what's next. In our time together, we will not only address the root of your challenges yet also identify solutions that alleviate worry and enhance your confidence in successfully moving forward. I am here to support you in the next steps of your journey toward becoming the best version of you. My specialty areas include: Life Transitions, Fertility/ Infertility Issues, Anxiety, Women's Issues, Sexuality, Sexual Trauma, and Stress Management.
(214) 393-5498 View (214) 393-5498
Photo of Kimberly A Mendoza, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly A Mendoza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Are you looking for a safe space where you can process past and present difficulties of life? Are you finding it hard to figure out your future goals? I believe in providing an unconditional, non-judgmental place for clients to discuss the issues important to them. I have experience working with childhood trauma, narcissistic abuse, mental health issues, LGBTQ+ related issues, infertility, pregnancy and post-partum issues, teenagers as well as working in hospital and private office settings.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Are you looking for a safe space where you can process past and present difficulties of life? Are you finding it hard to figure out your future goals? I believe in providing an unconditional, non-judgmental place for clients to discuss the issues important to them. I have experience working with childhood trauma, narcissistic abuse, mental health issues, LGBTQ+ related issues, infertility, pregnancy and post-partum issues, teenagers as well as working in hospital and private office settings.
(817) 646-1772 View (817) 646-1772
Photo of Natalie Shelton, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natalie Shelton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032
Welcome to Rockwall Heath Counseling! At the core of my therapeutic philosophy, is the unwavering belief in the transformative power of a safe and nurturing environments and relationships. I view therapy as a collaborative journey, a sacred space where individuals can embark on a path towards self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. Ultimately, my goal is to instill a sense of hope and possibility for all. I believe that, even in the darkest moments, there is potential for positive change, growth, and the realization of one's fullest potential. In offering safe spaces for healing, I am dedicated to walking alongside my clients.
Welcome to Rockwall Heath Counseling! At the core of my therapeutic philosophy, is the unwavering belief in the transformative power of a safe and nurturing environments and relationships. I view therapy as a collaborative journey, a sacred space where individuals can embark on a path towards self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. Ultimately, my goal is to instill a sense of hope and possibility for all. I believe that, even in the darkest moments, there is potential for positive change, growth, and the realization of one's fullest potential. In offering safe spaces for healing, I am dedicated to walking alongside my clients.
(214) 814-7162 View (214) 814-7162
Photo of Bridges West, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bridges West
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032
Hi there—so nice to meet you! I'm Bridges, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas with extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults in a variety of environments. From working in a medical setting to parenting support, I am here to help support you through all of life's challenges. I prioritize the client-therapist relationship, viewing it as sacred. My holistic therapy approach celebrates your uniqueness, leveraging your strengths and resilience.
Hi there—so nice to meet you! I'm Bridges, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas with extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults in a variety of environments. From working in a medical setting to parenting support, I am here to help support you through all of life's challenges. I prioritize the client-therapist relationship, viewing it as sacred. My holistic therapy approach celebrates your uniqueness, leveraging your strengths and resilience.
(430) 245-5989 View (430) 245-5989
Photo of Christine Waisner - Leapfrog Counseling and Wellness, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leapfrog Counseling and Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
If you’re reading this, you’re likely experiencing a tough time in life. I want to be there to make sure you don’t have to go through it alone. My approach focuses on guiding clients to confront and understand the difficult parts of themselves rather than trying to eliminate them. Whether dealing with trauma, marital conflict, or a child’s challenging behavior, I believe that meaningful change comes from learning to work with these 'difficult' parts. Every aspect of ourselves has a purpose, even if it no longer serves us. There is no such thing as a bad part of us. Together, we can explore these aspects to foster healing and growth.
If you’re reading this, you’re likely experiencing a tough time in life. I want to be there to make sure you don’t have to go through it alone. My approach focuses on guiding clients to confront and understand the difficult parts of themselves rather than trying to eliminate them. Whether dealing with trauma, marital conflict, or a child’s challenging behavior, I believe that meaningful change comes from learning to work with these 'difficult' parts. Every aspect of ourselves has a purpose, even if it no longer serves us. There is no such thing as a bad part of us. Together, we can explore these aspects to foster healing and growth.
(469) 409-1554 View (469) 409-1554
Photo of Jeanette Haynes Chivvis Lpc-A Supervised By Tiffany Ashenfelter Lpc-S, LPC-A
Jeanette Haynes Chivvis Lpc-A Supervised By Tiffany Ashenfelter Lpc-S
LPC Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I have a passion for supporting teenage girls and women in understanding and addressing the unique challenges they may face. My goal is to create a safe and inclusive space where clients can openly explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop effective coping strategies. In addition to working with teens and women, I also have experience in couples and blended family therapy. I believe that healthy relationships are built on positive and effective communication. I work closely with couples to provide them with the tools and guidance they need to enhance their connection, resolve conflicts, and foster a deeper understanding
I have a passion for supporting teenage girls and women in understanding and addressing the unique challenges they may face. My goal is to create a safe and inclusive space where clients can openly explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop effective coping strategies. In addition to working with teens and women, I also have experience in couples and blended family therapy. I believe that healthy relationships are built on positive and effective communication. I work closely with couples to provide them with the tools and guidance they need to enhance their connection, resolve conflicts, and foster a deeper understanding
(972) 764-8305 View (972) 764-8305
Photo of Linda Ludden - The Ludden Group, P.C., EdD, Psy, LPC-S, Psychologist
The Ludden Group, P.C.
Psychologist, EdD, Psy, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032
I have more than twenty five years experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in individual, marital, family, and groups in the field of counseling health services. My experience includes consulting in inpatient psychiatric and hospitals, medical/surgical hospitals, nursing homes, pain management clinics, and private practice. I also specialize in career testing and counseling for high school students, college students, and in career transition for adults. I have served as a psychologist and director of a Christian counseling center for eight years and as a psychologist and manager for the employee assistance program for Methodist Hospitals of Dallas.
I have more than twenty five years experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in individual, marital, family, and groups in the field of counseling health services. My experience includes consulting in inpatient psychiatric and hospitals, medical/surgical hospitals, nursing homes, pain management clinics, and private practice. I also specialize in career testing and counseling for high school students, college students, and in career transition for adults. I have served as a psychologist and director of a Christian counseling center for eight years and as a psychologist and manager for the employee assistance program for Methodist Hospitals of Dallas.
(972) 646-2801 View (972) 646-2801
Photo of Taylor Alan Horton, MS
Taylor Alan Horton
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Relationships can be difficult. We long for meaningful connection, understanding, and support from our closest relationships. But sometimes, we find conflict and alienation instead. Perhaps an "Other" has taken your place in a relationship-pornography, a physical affair, an addiction. Maybe dysfunction has spread throughout your family, building high walls between you and your loved ones. Perhaps your greatest struggle is relating not to others...but to yourself. You become vaguely aware that something is wrong. Something foundational has cracked. Feeling lost, you wonder how life led you to this deeply uncomfortable place.
Relationships can be difficult. We long for meaningful connection, understanding, and support from our closest relationships. But sometimes, we find conflict and alienation instead. Perhaps an "Other" has taken your place in a relationship-pornography, a physical affair, an addiction. Maybe dysfunction has spread throughout your family, building high walls between you and your loved ones. Perhaps your greatest struggle is relating not to others...but to yourself. You become vaguely aware that something is wrong. Something foundational has cracked. Feeling lost, you wonder how life led you to this deeply uncomfortable place.
(469) 523-4687 View (469) 523-4687
Photo of Dr. Courtney Greer, DSW, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Courtney Greer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
Hey there! I'm Dr. Courtney—a therapist, veteran, mom, and fitness enthusiast who believes in the powerful connection between mind and body. My passion is helping women and couples find balance, heal, and thrive in every area of life. Whether you're working through relationship challenges, navigating the ups and downs of motherhood, or battling anxiety, I'm here to support you.
Hey there! I'm Dr. Courtney—a therapist, veteran, mom, and fitness enthusiast who believes in the powerful connection between mind and body. My passion is helping women and couples find balance, heal, and thrive in every area of life. Whether you're working through relationship challenges, navigating the ups and downs of motherhood, or battling anxiety, I'm here to support you.
(972) 302-1000 View (972) 302-1000
Photo of Audra Joy Funk, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Audra Joy Funk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Do you feel stuck, lost, anxious, depressed, afraid, or angry? Of course, we all feel strong emotions at times. Some of us are frozen by these emotions, have panic attacks, depression, rage, or fears that affect every aspect of our lives. Others describe having a “mental block” that interferes with achieving goals, or performance enhancement. Maybe you've been to counseling and don’t feel like it helped or worked for you. I specialize in working with clients that have tried counseling and given up, feel hopeless, helpless, and desperate for someone to meet them where they are and guide them to the best version of themselves!
Do you feel stuck, lost, anxious, depressed, afraid, or angry? Of course, we all feel strong emotions at times. Some of us are frozen by these emotions, have panic attacks, depression, rage, or fears that affect every aspect of our lives. Others describe having a “mental block” that interferes with achieving goals, or performance enhancement. Maybe you've been to counseling and don’t feel like it helped or worked for you. I specialize in working with clients that have tried counseling and given up, feel hopeless, helpless, and desperate for someone to meet them where they are and guide them to the best version of themselves!
(469) 391-0210 View (469) 391-0210
Photo of Brittany Steigner, LPC-A
Brittany Steigner
LPC Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I believe that no one is beyond hope or healing. I work with clients of all ages, from children to elderly adults. If you are experiencing anxiety, panic attacks, grief, past trauma, depression, eating disorders, abuse, abortion, divorce, social anxiety, family conflict, etc., I would be honored to work with you. I also offer couples and family counseling, as well as Christian counseling. With a background in military life, as well as special needs, I am able to offer support and care for these particular individuals and their families.
I believe that no one is beyond hope or healing. I work with clients of all ages, from children to elderly adults. If you are experiencing anxiety, panic attacks, grief, past trauma, depression, eating disorders, abuse, abortion, divorce, social anxiety, family conflict, etc., I would be honored to work with you. I also offer couples and family counseling, as well as Christian counseling. With a background in military life, as well as special needs, I am able to offer support and care for these particular individuals and their families.
(469) 747-0923 View (469) 747-0923
Photo of Jennifer Sparks, LPC, NCC, TTP, SEP, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Sparks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, TTP, SEP, CSAT
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
Life and living is stressful. I am passionate about helping people recover, and settle, from the impact of life. I support clients who are struggling, and often suffering from the various manifestations of early Developmental Trauma, Complex Trauma, and PTSD. In my practice, I work closely with those suffering from symptoms of Personality Disorders, Dissociative Identity Disorder, ADHD, Spectrum and Sensitivities, Anxiety, Impulsivity, Mood Disorders, Intimacy and Attachment Issues, along with a host of physical symptoms, emotions, behaviors and “addictions” that clients present in an attempt to regulate the nervous system.
Life and living is stressful. I am passionate about helping people recover, and settle, from the impact of life. I support clients who are struggling, and often suffering from the various manifestations of early Developmental Trauma, Complex Trauma, and PTSD. In my practice, I work closely with those suffering from symptoms of Personality Disorders, Dissociative Identity Disorder, ADHD, Spectrum and Sensitivities, Anxiety, Impulsivity, Mood Disorders, Intimacy and Attachment Issues, along with a host of physical symptoms, emotions, behaviors and “addictions” that clients present in an attempt to regulate the nervous system.
(972) 853-8317 View (972) 853-8317
Photo of Dr. Jill M. Bennett, PhD, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Jill M. Bennett
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I seek to assist individuals, couples, families, and organizations to resolve a wide range of difficulties and achieve their goals. I offer traditional talk therapy for adolescents and adults, online counseling, play therapy, parent coaching, consulting services, testing and assessments, trauma resolution therapy, equine assisted therapy and organizational effectiveness programs and services.
I seek to assist individuals, couples, families, and organizations to resolve a wide range of difficulties and achieve their goals. I offer traditional talk therapy for adolescents and adults, online counseling, play therapy, parent coaching, consulting services, testing and assessments, trauma resolution therapy, equine assisted therapy and organizational effectiveness programs and services.
(903) 742-4067 View (903) 742-4067
Photo of Amber Foster Winter, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Foster Winter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75032  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas and see clients throughout the state via virtual therapy. I received my Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Amberton University and also hold a Masters in Marriage & Family Therapy. I have experience working with a diverse client population encompassing care for a variety of mental health concerns. I strive to provide a safe space for my clients in order to build a strong, therapeutic relationship that allows for growth.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas and see clients throughout the state via virtual therapy. I received my Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Amberton University and also hold a Masters in Marriage & Family Therapy. I have experience working with a diverse client population encompassing care for a variety of mental health concerns. I strive to provide a safe space for my clients in order to build a strong, therapeutic relationship that allows for growth.
(214) 466-2162 View (214) 466-2162
Photo of Lauren Coats, BS, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Coats
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
NOW OFFERING VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSONS SESSIONS! Life and relationships can be difficult and painful. Sometimes you're left feeling "stuck." I offer counseling for those who want to improve their lives, alleviate anxiety or depression, & build positive relationships. I provide a warm space where we can discuss your situation and develop a plan that allows you to feel some relief from your current circumstances. I encourage clients by providing practical tools in the first session that can help with stress, depression, anxiety, & conflict. We will work together on a plan to help you in your everyday life. You will leave feeling relieved.
(972) 992-5957 View (972) 992-5957
Photo of Sydney Cole, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Sydney Cole
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087  (Online Only)
Finding help can feel overwhelming, daunting, and scary. It is a vulnerable feeling to trust someone with your deepest insecurities and pain. My goal is to be a soft place to land where you feel compassion and understanding. We all need someone in our lives who will listen without judgment and care for us without conditions. Anxiety, depression, pain, and illness do not have to take away your power any longer. Struggling with mental health can be an all-consuming and isolating experience. You don't have to walk this path alone.
Finding help can feel overwhelming, daunting, and scary. It is a vulnerable feeling to trust someone with your deepest insecurities and pain. My goal is to be a soft place to land where you feel compassion and understanding. We all need someone in our lives who will listen without judgment and care for us without conditions. Anxiety, depression, pain, and illness do not have to take away your power any longer. Struggling with mental health can be an all-consuming and isolating experience. You don't have to walk this path alone.
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Photo of Cheryl S Tunnell, MS, LPC-S, Analyst, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cheryl S Tunnell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, Analyst
Verified Verified
Rockwall, TX 75087
Relationship problems, depression, anxiety, anger, and unresolved trauma are among the problems which bring people to therapy. These difficulties interfere in a person's enjoyment of their life whether work, school, love, or leisure time. In my experience, there is hope and help. By developing a trusting relationship with a therapist, individuals find they are more able to explore their thoughts and feelings. In this way, people often experience relief from troubling symptoms. Over time, they are able to make choices in their lives from a position of greater self-knowledge and acceptance.
Relationship problems, depression, anxiety, anger, and unresolved trauma are among the problems which bring people to therapy. These difficulties interfere in a person's enjoyment of their life whether work, school, love, or leisure time. In my experience, there is hope and help. By developing a trusting relationship with a therapist, individuals find they are more able to explore their thoughts and feelings. In this way, people often experience relief from troubling symptoms. Over time, they are able to make choices in their lives from a position of greater self-knowledge and acceptance.
(469) 489-4499 View (469) 489-4499
Photo of Brianna Souddress, MS, LPC
Brianna Souddress
MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I want to be a safe space for you. Let me help you develop real and tangible life skills to navigate what you're going through and let me do so while meeting you together in our humanity. As your therapist, I will create a space where you can explore and feel, as well as somewhere we can create a gameplan for how to cope and heal. I will emphasize the power of relationships in growth and change and will use attachment framework to guide my work with you as we use skills from a variety of therapies to build a solid foundation. Relief and growth are possible!
I want to be a safe space for you. Let me help you develop real and tangible life skills to navigate what you're going through and let me do so while meeting you together in our humanity. As your therapist, I will create a space where you can explore and feel, as well as somewhere we can create a gameplan for how to cope and heal. I will emphasize the power of relationships in growth and change and will use attachment framework to guide my work with you as we use skills from a variety of therapies to build a solid foundation. Relief and growth are possible!
(469) 414-5404 View (469) 414-5404
Photo of Andrew Simmons, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrew Simmons
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Andrew is accepting new clients! Realizing you could use help doesn’t make you broken, it makes you human. A person who can benefit from counseling realizes that if they could have fixed a problem on their own, they would have done it by now. They realize that they could benefit from having a professional listen and help them better tell and re-frame their story. This person believes that they are committed to make needed change to become the best version of themselves. A person who benefits from counseling is there because they want to be and they fully buy-in to the process. Start simply and simply start by reaching out now!
Andrew is accepting new clients! Realizing you could use help doesn’t make you broken, it makes you human. A person who can benefit from counseling realizes that if they could have fixed a problem on their own, they would have done it by now. They realize that they could benefit from having a professional listen and help them better tell and re-frame their story. This person believes that they are committed to make needed change to become the best version of themselves. A person who benefits from counseling is there because they want to be and they fully buy-in to the process. Start simply and simply start by reaching out now!
(469) 393-7036 View (469) 393-7036
1
Infertility Therapists

How can infertility affect couples and their relationship?

Clients who are dealing with infertility may experience conflict and communication problems. It’s not unusual for shame, blame, and guilt to arise in cases of infertility, whether the source of the problem is one partner or both. This means that clients are upset and pulling away from their partner just when they need them the most. Some clients may find it difficult to spend time around friends and family who are pregnant. Friends and family can also make hurtful comments that increase tension during this time.

How does therapy for infertility issues work?

The therapist will begin by gathering information about the client or couple and make a treatment plan for their specific concerns. In addition to addressing common mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma reactions or PTSD, therapists can help clients improve their decision-making and deal with stressors unique to infertility. Some examples include coping with the “two-week wait” before a pregnancy test, the distress associated with a failed attempt or miscarriage, and the shame and blame sometimes associated with reproductive concerns.

What type of therapy is best for infertility issues?

Many therapists offer psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are dealing with infertility issues. Some helpful therapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can aid clients in reframing negative thoughts about their situation. Expressive writing and art therapy can help clients process difficult feelings. Clients might also benefit from group therapy to experience support from others who are dealing with the same problems.

How long does therapy for infertility issues take?

There is no set length for therapy that addresses infertility or reproductive concerns. Some clients might find it helpful to continue therapy during their pregnancy to have healthy ways to cope with any associated stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma. Some clients who decide not to pursue fertility treatments might benefit from the support of a therapist. The duration of therapy varies depending on the individual client’s specific needs and goals.