Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in Jacksonville, TX

Photo of Lucas Emilio Cantu, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lucas Emilio Cantu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, TX 75766
Providing treatment for Child and Family issues, with additional expertise in Post Traumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar symptoms. Lucas draws from extensive experience with spirituality, art, music, and cutting edge methods to surprise his clients in making REAL and NOTICEABLE progress: parents with their children, couples with remembering their love, teens searching for themselves, and those struck by tragedy with gaining freedom from despair, and discovering an enthusiasm for life like they've never known!
Providing treatment for Child and Family issues, with additional expertise in Post Traumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar symptoms. Lucas draws from extensive experience with spirituality, art, music, and cutting edge methods to surprise his clients in making REAL and NOTICEABLE progress: parents with their children, couples with remembering their love, teens searching for themselves, and those struck by tragedy with gaining freedom from despair, and discovering an enthusiasm for life like they've never known!
(210) 960-8362 View (210) 960-8362
Photo of Keri Cooper, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keri Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, TX 75766
My name is Keri Cooper, and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and LPC Supervisor with over 21 years of clinical experience working with older teens and adults who suffer from Anxiety, Stress, Coping Skills, Self Esteem, and Life Coaching issues. I use a mix of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Positive Psychology, Client-Centered Therapy, Strength-Based, and Solution-Focused Brief (SFBT) during treatments with my clients. I believe everyone should have the opportunity to make positive changes and live their best life. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
My name is Keri Cooper, and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and LPC Supervisor with over 21 years of clinical experience working with older teens and adults who suffer from Anxiety, Stress, Coping Skills, Self Esteem, and Life Coaching issues. I use a mix of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Positive Psychology, Client-Centered Therapy, Strength-Based, and Solution-Focused Brief (SFBT) during treatments with my clients. I believe everyone should have the opportunity to make positive changes and live their best life. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
(512) 359-8787 View (512) 359-8787
Photo of Cassandra Cumbie-Freeney, LPC-A
Cassandra Cumbie-Freeney
LPC Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, TX 75766  (Online Only)
You value your relationship, but lately you have been feeling like your needs are not being met. With constant disagreements about everything from your finances to work/life balance, you are left feeling like your relationship is at a standstill. You want your relationship to get better, but you are not sure where to start. If you want a deeper connection with your partner, you do not have to navigate these issues alone; I am here to help. I help couples and individuals in relationships to overcome obstacles and rebuild their relationships.
You value your relationship, but lately you have been feeling like your needs are not being met. With constant disagreements about everything from your finances to work/life balance, you are left feeling like your relationship is at a standstill. You want your relationship to get better, but you are not sure where to start. If you want a deeper connection with your partner, you do not have to navigate these issues alone; I am here to help. I help couples and individuals in relationships to overcome obstacles and rebuild their relationships.
(903) 527-7945 View (903) 527-7945
Photo of Heather Watkins, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Watkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, TX 75766
Seeking help and finding the right therapist for you can be a daunting and challenging process. The key to positive, lasting change is finding a therapist who will tailor your treatment based on your individual needs and strengths, and help you overcome the behaviors and thoughts that are getting in your way. You need someone who will listen and understand you without judgment, support you through these changes, be honest with you, and challenge you when needed.
Seeking help and finding the right therapist for you can be a daunting and challenging process. The key to positive, lasting change is finding a therapist who will tailor your treatment based on your individual needs and strengths, and help you overcome the behaviors and thoughts that are getting in your way. You need someone who will listen and understand you without judgment, support you through these changes, be honest with you, and challenge you when needed.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Tamara S Lawson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tamara S Lawson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, TX 75766
I love helping people who are struggling with issues that feel overwhelming. I can't solve your problems, but I work to help you find your way through them and to try to help you find your strength when you feel like it is gone.
I love helping people who are struggling with issues that feel overwhelming. I can't solve your problems, but I work to help you find your way through them and to try to help you find your strength when you feel like it is gone.
(430) 300-3022 View (430) 300-3022
Photo of Ana Ferrell, MA, LPC, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ana Ferrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, TX 75766
Seeking help for life’s struggles is not an easy task especially when it requires our emotional exposure. I believe it takes a very courageous person to seek help and be vulnerable. If this is you, I want to congratulate you! I consider it an honor and a big privilege to walk beside my clients who are facing hardships in life. I believe therapy can be extremely helpful when the client is approached with welcoming, comforting and the nonjudgmental heart of a therapist.
Seeking help for life’s struggles is not an easy task especially when it requires our emotional exposure. I believe it takes a very courageous person to seek help and be vulnerable. If this is you, I want to congratulate you! I consider it an honor and a big privilege to walk beside my clients who are facing hardships in life. I believe therapy can be extremely helpful when the client is approached with welcoming, comforting and the nonjudgmental heart of a therapist.
(903) 730-6573 View (903) 730-6573
Photo of Katie Barton, MA, LPC, CRC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Barton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, TX 75766  (Online Only)
Everyone has a unique and individual story. Sometimes this story has deep and dark moments or complex traumas affecting the course of an individual's life. If you have moments in your story triggering PTSD, anxiety or depression, I would love to assist you through this and help change the areas no longer deserving of so much power in your life. I enjoy helping to empower individuals work past areas in their mind causing them to feel stuck. I hope to be able to work with you to feel empowered and brave enough to implement changes in your life.
Everyone has a unique and individual story. Sometimes this story has deep and dark moments or complex traumas affecting the course of an individual's life. If you have moments in your story triggering PTSD, anxiety or depression, I would love to assist you through this and help change the areas no longer deserving of so much power in your life. I enjoy helping to empower individuals work past areas in their mind causing them to feel stuck. I hope to be able to work with you to feel empowered and brave enough to implement changes in your life.
(903) 225-8796 View (903) 225-8796
Photo of Holly Nealy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Nealy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, TX 75766  (Online Only)
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have five years experience with adults with co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse issues, anxiety, and depression as well as children with ADHD and Autism.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have five years experience with adults with co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse issues, anxiety, and depression as well as children with ADHD and Autism.
(903) 568-3928 View (903) 568-3928

Online Therapists

Photo of Mikayla Bugh, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mikayla Bugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Ennis, TX 75119
I primarily utilize Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral techniques to help my clients change their unhelpful thoughts and behaviors in order to cultivate a holistically healthy lifestyle.
My name is Mikayla Bugh, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Waco, Texas. It is my passion to walk alongside people in their suffering and help them find the hope and healing they need. I work with individuals 13 + who are struggling with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, family of origin issues, and trauma. I work with individuals ages 13 + who are struggling in a wide variety of areas. I have the most experience working with adolescents and young adults who are dealing with depression, anxiety, OCD, family issues, self-worth, self-harm and suicidality, and trauma.
I primarily utilize Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral techniques to help my clients change their unhelpful thoughts and behaviors in order to cultivate a holistically healthy lifestyle.
My name is Mikayla Bugh, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Waco, Texas. It is my passion to walk alongside people in their suffering and help them find the hope and healing they need. I work with individuals 13 + who are struggling with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, family of origin issues, and trauma. I work with individuals ages 13 + who are struggling in a wide variety of areas. I have the most experience working with adolescents and young adults who are dealing with depression, anxiety, OCD, family issues, self-worth, self-harm and suicidality, and trauma.
(469) 746-3253 View (469) 746-3253
Photo of Maria Teresa Tiscareno, LMSW
Maria Teresa Tiscareno
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Longview, TX 75601  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As when unwrapping a gift, my goal is to guide the client in unwrapping adequate mechanisms to regain balance; offering a safe space and evidenced-based interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy.
Welcome to this transforming experience in discovering the path towards self-care and personal growth. I graduated from Stephen F. Austin State University with a master’s degree in social work. I am a Licensed Master of Social Work currently working under the supervision of Mary Carmen Perez, LCSW-S. I am a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish) offering individual, online and in-person counseling sessions in Longview, Texas.
As when unwrapping a gift, my goal is to guide the client in unwrapping adequate mechanisms to regain balance; offering a safe space and evidenced-based interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy.
Welcome to this transforming experience in discovering the path towards self-care and personal growth. I graduated from Stephen F. Austin State University with a master’s degree in social work. I am a Licensed Master of Social Work currently working under the supervision of Mary Carmen Perez, LCSW-S. I am a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish) offering individual, online and in-person counseling sessions in Longview, Texas.
(903) 546-8469 View (903) 546-8469
Photo of LaShondra Brown, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaShondra Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Vernon, TX 75457  (Online Only)
I have experience in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and various mood disorders, among others.
I enjoy the process of helping my clients, besides my vocation, it is my passion and I have been in the social work field for more than a decade. Through online therapy I have had the opportunity to help people both near and far from me. It's time that the fact of going to therapy stopped being stigmatized, so one of my goals is that the client feels comfortable during the process. Telling how we feel does not make us weak, on the contrary, it is the first and most important step to feel better, that is why at One Alkaline Life we have always focused on offering you the best to accompany you in your learning process.
I have experience in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and various mood disorders, among others.
I enjoy the process of helping my clients, besides my vocation, it is my passion and I have been in the social work field for more than a decade. Through online therapy I have had the opportunity to help people both near and far from me. It's time that the fact of going to therapy stopped being stigmatized, so one of my goals is that the client feels comfortable during the process. Telling how we feel does not make us weak, on the contrary, it is the first and most important step to feel better, that is why at One Alkaline Life we have always focused on offering you the best to accompany you in your learning process.
(903) 282-3435 View (903) 282-3435
Photo of Baylee Martin, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Baylee Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Longview, TX 75601
I pull from a few counseling modalities including ACT, DBT, and IFS depending on clients' presenting concerns and preferences.
Are you highly self-critical? Do you pick yourself apart? Do you struggle to believe in yourself despite the evidence that you are capable? Do you struggle with your appearance or your relationship with food? Do your emotions get in the way of living your most fulfilled life? Are you going through a life transition and struggling to adjust? Maybe you don't know exactly what is happening but you know that you are struggling... I would love to be a part of your journey towards finding peace with yourself and living a life aligned with the things you value most!
I pull from a few counseling modalities including ACT, DBT, and IFS depending on clients' presenting concerns and preferences.
Are you highly self-critical? Do you pick yourself apart? Do you struggle to believe in yourself despite the evidence that you are capable? Do you struggle with your appearance or your relationship with food? Do your emotions get in the way of living your most fulfilled life? Are you going through a life transition and struggling to adjust? Maybe you don't know exactly what is happening but you know that you are struggling... I would love to be a part of your journey towards finding peace with yourself and living a life aligned with the things you value most!
(903) 648-7638 View (903) 648-7638
Photo of Tanya R Roper, LCSW, LCDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tanya R Roper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Gun Barrel City, TX 75156  (Online Only)
I am a relational, compassionate, and empathetic therapist trained in a variety of evidenced based therapies including (CBT), ( DBT), Humanistic Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic.
Each of us reach a point in life where we need to pause, breathe, and restart. For some of us that restart will happen on our own for others of us that restart will require someone a few steps ahead of us to reach back and give use a hand. I would be honored to explore the obstacles in your life, identify the changes you want and deserve while providing you the tools to create a life that you are proud to show the world!
I am a relational, compassionate, and empathetic therapist trained in a variety of evidenced based therapies including (CBT), ( DBT), Humanistic Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic.
Each of us reach a point in life where we need to pause, breathe, and restart. For some of us that restart will happen on our own for others of us that restart will require someone a few steps ahead of us to reach back and give use a hand. I would be honored to explore the obstacles in your life, identify the changes you want and deserve while providing you the tools to create a life that you are proud to show the world!
(903) 385-3115 View (903) 385-3115
Photo of Rebecca Phipps, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rebecca Phipps
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kaufman, TX 75142  (Online Only)
The modalities I use include cognitive, behavioral therapy, emotional focus therapy, a solution strength-based focus, dialectical therapy, EMDR, and a multi-dimensional partner trauma model.
My name is Rebecca Phipps, I am a licensed, professional, counselor, certified partner specialist, and an EMDR-trained therapist. I am an evidence-based, solution-focused therapist. I use interactive, educational, and practical skill-based approaches that empower clients to achieve their goals. I have extensive background counseling in, diverse populations of individuals, couples, and families.
The modalities I use include cognitive, behavioral therapy, emotional focus therapy, a solution strength-based focus, dialectical therapy, EMDR, and a multi-dimensional partner trauma model.
My name is Rebecca Phipps, I am a licensed, professional, counselor, certified partner specialist, and an EMDR-trained therapist. I am an evidence-based, solution-focused therapist. I use interactive, educational, and practical skill-based approaches that empower clients to achieve their goals. I have extensive background counseling in, diverse populations of individuals, couples, and families.
(817) 587-8972 View (817) 587-8972
Photo of Chelsea Wooley, PhD, LP, PSYPACT, Psychologist
Chelsea Wooley
Psychologist, PhD, LP, PSYPACT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Forney, TX 75126  (Online Only)
I have an eclectic approach to therapy, including utilizing CBT, DBT, interpersonal, and psychodynamic.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing for 10 years and the owner of Hope Reimagined Psychological Services. I specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, and family-of-origin issues. I have a particular passion working with women struggling with fertility and postpartum moms. I believe therapy is most effective when there is genuine trust, connection, and collaboration.
I have an eclectic approach to therapy, including utilizing CBT, DBT, interpersonal, and psychodynamic.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing for 10 years and the owner of Hope Reimagined Psychological Services. I specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, and family-of-origin issues. I have a particular passion working with women struggling with fertility and postpartum moms. I believe therapy is most effective when there is genuine trust, connection, and collaboration.
(512) 601-8763 View (512) 601-8763
Photo of Jessie Groth, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessie Groth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
Utilizing a DBT approach, I believe every thought and feeling is valid, but not a fact.
I offer virtual and in-person sessions in Texas and virtual-only sessions for residents of Arkansas. Thank you for taking the time to seek help and invest in yourself. It can be overwhelming to navigate mental health and accept that you might need assistance. Whether you are going through a life adjustment, anxiety, depression, trauma, etc. I am here to help you feel a little better.
Utilizing a DBT approach, I believe every thought and feeling is valid, but not a fact.
I offer virtual and in-person sessions in Texas and virtual-only sessions for residents of Arkansas. Thank you for taking the time to seek help and invest in yourself. It can be overwhelming to navigate mental health and accept that you might need assistance. Whether you are going through a life adjustment, anxiety, depression, trauma, etc. I am here to help you feel a little better.
(972) 736-7337 View (972) 736-7337
Photo of Suzanne Rischard, LPC-A
Suzanne Rischard
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Mesquite, TX 75149  (Online Only)
I use evidence-based practices tailored to your unique needs including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Interpersonal Psychotherapy.
A free 15-minute consultation and sliding scale fees are available. Your needs are unique and you want to feel heard, supported, and guided by someone who truly cares. I provide a safe, understanding space where your experiences and emotions are validated. You might be overwhelmed by anxiety or depression, coping with a mood or personality disorder, or struggling with the aftermath of trauma. You may be navigating family dynamics, grappling with the challenges of being part of the LGBTQIA+ community or facing the profound sorrow of grief and bereavement. Perhaps you're coping with the pain of abuse or sexual assault.
I use evidence-based practices tailored to your unique needs including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Interpersonal Psychotherapy.
A free 15-minute consultation and sliding scale fees are available. Your needs are unique and you want to feel heard, supported, and guided by someone who truly cares. I provide a safe, understanding space where your experiences and emotions are validated. You might be overwhelmed by anxiety or depression, coping with a mood or personality disorder, or struggling with the aftermath of trauma. You may be navigating family dynamics, grappling with the challenges of being part of the LGBTQIA+ community or facing the profound sorrow of grief and bereavement. Perhaps you're coping with the pain of abuse or sexual assault.
(817) 904-3187 View (817) 904-3187
Photo of Sophia Worth, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophia Worth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Longview, TX 75601  (Online Only)
I was a medical social worker for a psychiatric hospital for over four years, running group therapy and completing biopsychosocial assessments. I have also supported clients with end-stage renal disease for over five years. I work with those struggling with fertility, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum depression. My specialties include anxiety, depression, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder I and II, borderline personality disorder, chemical dependency, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. My top modalities include cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and more.
I was a medical social worker for a psychiatric hospital for over four years, running group therapy and completing biopsychosocial assessments. I have also supported clients with end-stage renal disease for over five years. I work with those struggling with fertility, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum depression. My specialties include anxiety, depression, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder I and II, borderline personality disorder, chemical dependency, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. My top modalities include cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and more.
(682) 463-3556 View (682) 463-3556
Photo of Britain Shaw, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Britain Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockwall, TX 75087
I help clients build up their self-esteem, learn new ways of thinking, and face the monsters in their own narratives through a combination of therapy types with a focus on narrative and DBT-informed therapies.
Everyone has a story to tell. Sometimes it is filled with dark twists and turns, shadows, and the unexpected. Other times it is full of light, gentle breezes, and warmth. Stories are often full of both and it can be daunting to try and revisit some of the harder chapters alone. I offer a place of solace for your stories. A place where we can open and read each chapter of it together, learn from them, and gather tools to face the battles ahead. A place where we can challenge the things that still haunt us from these stories, and then put them on a shelf, a reminder of where you came from and what you’ve overcome.
I help clients build up their self-esteem, learn new ways of thinking, and face the monsters in their own narratives through a combination of therapy types with a focus on narrative and DBT-informed therapies.
Everyone has a story to tell. Sometimes it is filled with dark twists and turns, shadows, and the unexpected. Other times it is full of light, gentle breezes, and warmth. Stories are often full of both and it can be daunting to try and revisit some of the harder chapters alone. I offer a place of solace for your stories. A place where we can open and read each chapter of it together, learn from them, and gather tools to face the battles ahead. A place where we can challenge the things that still haunt us from these stories, and then put them on a shelf, a reminder of where you came from and what you’ve overcome.
(972) 236-4302 x702 View (972) 236-4302 x702
Photo of Kristi Zimmerman, MS, LPC, LMFT, LCDC, NCC
Kristi Zimmerman
MS, LPC, LMFT, LCDC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gun Barrel City, TX 75156
Master level Counselor (LPC, LMFT, LCDC, NCC, EMDR certified). My primary focus is trauma work through EMDR, Expressive Arts, REBT, and DBT, Family Therapy through Experiential and Structural Therapy, and Addiction Therapy with Motivational Interviewing and Twelve Steps. I also have experience working with children and adolescents using Play Therapy, Animal Assisted Therapy, and Expressive Arts.
Master level Counselor (LPC, LMFT, LCDC, NCC, EMDR certified). My primary focus is trauma work through EMDR, Expressive Arts, REBT, and DBT, Family Therapy through Experiential and Structural Therapy, and Addiction Therapy with Motivational Interviewing and Twelve Steps. I also have experience working with children and adolescents using Play Therapy, Animal Assisted Therapy, and Expressive Arts.
(430) 206-3165 View (430) 206-3165

See more therapy options for Jacksonville

Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.