Therapists in Carrollton, TX

Photo of Shelly Butler, LPC, MHR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shelly Butler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHR
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010
Unfortunately we live in a hectic and fast paced world. At times things can be overwhelming, often feeling negative and hopeless that change will ever occur. I have worked with clients struggling with depression, social anxiety, mood disorders and self-esteem issues sort out their own darkest and deepest moments. We all have bridges to cross and at times reaching out to a health care professional is the first step. Allow me to be that stepping stone for you.......
Unfortunately we live in a hectic and fast paced world. At times things can be overwhelming, often feeling negative and hopeless that change will ever occur. I have worked with clients struggling with depression, social anxiety, mood disorders and self-esteem issues sort out their own darkest and deepest moments. We all have bridges to cross and at times reaching out to a health care professional is the first step. Allow me to be that stepping stone for you.......
(972) 846-4054 View (972) 846-4054
Photo of Becky Lee, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Becky Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75007  (Online Only)
Experiences can shape who we believe ourselves to be without us even recognizing the impact of it all, often skewing our perceptions of our true self. Our situations and relationships can also leave us feeling hurt, disappointed, afraid, angry, confused, out of control, unmotivated, and so much more. I understand how difficult and uncomfortable it is to feel conflicting emotions simultaneously. I absolutely enjoy working with people of all walks of life to help build mindfulness, a deeper sense of self and clarity and peace amid whatever issues you may be facing.
Experiences can shape who we believe ourselves to be without us even recognizing the impact of it all, often skewing our perceptions of our true self. Our situations and relationships can also leave us feeling hurt, disappointed, afraid, angry, confused, out of control, unmotivated, and so much more. I understand how difficult and uncomfortable it is to feel conflicting emotions simultaneously. I absolutely enjoy working with people of all walks of life to help build mindfulness, a deeper sense of self and clarity and peace amid whatever issues you may be facing.
(469) 414-3082 View (469) 414-3082
Photo of Yas Farrokh, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yas Farrokh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and counselor supervisor with over 14 years of clinical experience. I work with adult individuals, adolescents, children, couples and families, using a variety of therapeutic techniques. I have vast experience working with issues related to trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, anger management, mood disorders, anxiety, employment and work place problems, and grief.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and counselor supervisor with over 14 years of clinical experience. I work with adult individuals, adolescents, children, couples and families, using a variety of therapeutic techniques. I have vast experience working with issues related to trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, anger management, mood disorders, anxiety, employment and work place problems, and grief.
(469) 294-8291 View (469) 294-8291
Photo of Lauren Bayer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Bayer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75007
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am so glad to see that you have decided to take this step. This process can be intimidating but it is very worthwhile. Counseling is a collaborative process in which the counselor helps clients find their truths and answers to the questions that brought them to counseling, along with ones they discover during their journey. Therapy is a space to help clients be their whole self in a safe, judgement free environment. Sessions are personalized for each unique client and may include talk therapy, EMDR, sandtray, activities or expressive arts.
Hello! I am so glad to see that you have decided to take this step. This process can be intimidating but it is very worthwhile. Counseling is a collaborative process in which the counselor helps clients find their truths and answers to the questions that brought them to counseling, along with ones they discover during their journey. Therapy is a space to help clients be their whole self in a safe, judgement free environment. Sessions are personalized for each unique client and may include talk therapy, EMDR, sandtray, activities or expressive arts.
(214) 646-3389 View (214) 646-3389
Photo of Adrena Streetz - Spectrum of Grace, MA, BCBA, LBA
Spectrum of Grace
MA, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010
Waitlist for new clients
Does your child struggle with routines and transitions or engaging in play activities with peers? Are you struggling to teach self help skills? Are you preparing your child for school? Behavior Therapy can provide the tools to promote lasting behavior change for your child. During 1:1 sessions my goal is to create opportunities for learning and to improve upon skills to increase functional independence. Working with parents is an essential component to your child's progress, communication is highly encouraged throughout treatment to ensure confidence and retention in the new skills and resources.
Does your child struggle with routines and transitions or engaging in play activities with peers? Are you struggling to teach self help skills? Are you preparing your child for school? Behavior Therapy can provide the tools to promote lasting behavior change for your child. During 1:1 sessions my goal is to create opportunities for learning and to improve upon skills to increase functional independence. Working with parents is an essential component to your child's progress, communication is highly encouraged throughout treatment to ensure confidence and retention in the new skills and resources.
(469) 900-8063 View (469) 900-8063
Photo of Belinda Gale Hartschuh, MS, LPC-S, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Belinda Gale Hartschuh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LPC-S, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75006  (Online Only)
Stop feeling overwhelmed by problems, stress, or family issues! Stop feeling depressed, anxious, or angry! Stop the fighting and arguing! I have helped hundreds of people just like you to raise their self-esteem, find happiness and fulfillment, and learn how to "do" life better. Discover how to communicate with your family in a way where everyone feels heard and understood. Learn how to parent your kids without nagging or constantly reminding. Overcome the issues and baggage of your past so that you aren't "triggered" in the present day. Check out the reviews on my website to see what others have said about working with me!
Stop feeling overwhelmed by problems, stress, or family issues! Stop feeling depressed, anxious, or angry! Stop the fighting and arguing! I have helped hundreds of people just like you to raise their self-esteem, find happiness and fulfillment, and learn how to "do" life better. Discover how to communicate with your family in a way where everyone feels heard and understood. Learn how to parent your kids without nagging or constantly reminding. Overcome the issues and baggage of your past so that you aren't "triggered" in the present day. Check out the reviews on my website to see what others have said about working with me!
(972) 362-6559 View (972) 362-6559
Photo of Melinda Porter, MA, LPC-S, AASECT, CST-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melinda Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, AASECT, CST-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75007
Create a healthier self and find your voice! As an AASECT certified sex Therapist-Supervisor, EMDR trained therapist, LPC Supervisor, Trained Clinical Trauma Professional and certified CNM therapist ( SHA) , I believe in growing continuously, learning in all the moments, and remembering your journey will be forever changing. I am Licensed in both Texas and Colorado. I would be honored to work with you during the next part of your journey.
Create a healthier self and find your voice! As an AASECT certified sex Therapist-Supervisor, EMDR trained therapist, LPC Supervisor, Trained Clinical Trauma Professional and certified CNM therapist ( SHA) , I believe in growing continuously, learning in all the moments, and remembering your journey will be forever changing. I am Licensed in both Texas and Colorado. I would be honored to work with you during the next part of your journey.
(214) 915-2870 View (214) 915-2870
Photo of Teen And Young Adult Therapist Kelsey Madenwald, M Ed, LPC-A, LPC Intern
Teen And Young Adult Therapist Kelsey Madenwald
LPC Intern, M Ed, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75007
Do you want a fresh perspective on how your brain works and work with it rather than against it? Are you in a marginalized community that you feel is not heard through traditional therapy? I may be the right therapist for you! I am a LPC-A under the supervision of Melinda Porter and I am passionate about treating the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe in treating the person and their needs rather than pathologizing the client's state and approaching every client individually. Whether you are struggling with a large change in your life or want to improve your overall mental health, we can work on it together!
Do you want a fresh perspective on how your brain works and work with it rather than against it? Are you in a marginalized community that you feel is not heard through traditional therapy? I may be the right therapist for you! I am a LPC-A under the supervision of Melinda Porter and I am passionate about treating the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe in treating the person and their needs rather than pathologizing the client's state and approaching every client individually. Whether you are struggling with a large change in your life or want to improve your overall mental health, we can work on it together!
(972) 914-3462 View (972) 914-3462
Photo of LeeAnn Russell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
LeeAnn Russell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75010
Hey there! Are you a teenager or young adult feeling the pressure of growing up? I totally get it. Whether it's the stress of school, societal expectations, or just trying to find your place in the world, I'm here to help. Let's tackle issues like low self-esteem, past hurts, or battling anxiety and depression together. And ladies, if you're navigating life after divorce, working through childhood wounds, or feeling stuck in a rut, I've got your back. Let's break free and find your path to happiness together!
Hey there! Are you a teenager or young adult feeling the pressure of growing up? I totally get it. Whether it's the stress of school, societal expectations, or just trying to find your place in the world, I'm here to help. Let's tackle issues like low self-esteem, past hurts, or battling anxiety and depression together. And ladies, if you're navigating life after divorce, working through childhood wounds, or feeling stuck in a rut, I've got your back. Let's break free and find your path to happiness together!
(469) 966-8179 View (469) 966-8179
Photo of Mary Safi Crisis Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Safi Crisis Counselor
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75007  (Online Only)
We live in a time where we struggle to understand how to cope with our mental health needs, especially with everything going on these past few years. Our thoughts are powerful and we minimize the effect they have on us, this can be overwhelming without the coping skills needed to deal with them. Understand and be assured, you have come to the right place. The combination of graduating from both UT Southwestern (Rehabilitation Counseling) and Texas Woman's University (Counseling & Development) has helped me understand both sides of the counseling process, medical and behavioral. Give me a call or email when ready!
We live in a time where we struggle to understand how to cope with our mental health needs, especially with everything going on these past few years. Our thoughts are powerful and we minimize the effect they have on us, this can be overwhelming without the coping skills needed to deal with them. Understand and be assured, you have come to the right place. The combination of graduating from both UT Southwestern (Rehabilitation Counseling) and Texas Woman's University (Counseling & Development) has helped me understand both sides of the counseling process, medical and behavioral. Give me a call or email when ready!
(469) 557-2394 View (469) 557-2394
Photo of Na Mi Cho, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Na Mi Cho
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Welcome! I'm a licensed professional therapist dedicated to supporting individuals through their unique life journeys. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I strive to provide a safe and nurturing environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or navigating life transitions, I'm here to help you find clarity and build resilience.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Welcome! I'm a licensed professional therapist dedicated to supporting individuals through their unique life journeys. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I strive to provide a safe and nurturing environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or navigating life transitions, I'm here to help you find clarity and build resilience.
(469) 966-8262 View (469) 966-8262
Photo of Katie Chadwick, PhD, LP, LCDC, Psychologist
Katie Chadwick
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LCDC
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010
No matter how young or old, dealing with life's challenges, big or small, can be difficult to do on our own. We all possess the ability to become resilient so that we not only bounce back from challenges, but grow in the process. Whether you are struggling with a significant life event, past trauma, relationship or family issues, anxiety or depression, substance abuse, or are just seeking change and growth in your life, therapy can help!
No matter how young or old, dealing with life's challenges, big or small, can be difficult to do on our own. We all possess the ability to become resilient so that we not only bounce back from challenges, but grow in the process. Whether you are struggling with a significant life event, past trauma, relationship or family issues, anxiety or depression, substance abuse, or are just seeking change and growth in your life, therapy can help!
(214) 225-3860 View (214) 225-3860
Photo of Lynne M Lutz, PsyD, RN, Psychologist
Lynne M Lutz
Psychologist, PsyD, RN
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010
I am a Christian psychologist and have been in practice for over 20 years. I believe true healing is possible and that good therapy with a caring and well trained therapist can speed that process. My treatment approach is interpersonal and relational. I work from a psychodynamic framework with an engaged and warm style. My work with clients is always centered around their specific goals and needs.
I am a Christian psychologist and have been in practice for over 20 years. I believe true healing is possible and that good therapy with a caring and well trained therapist can speed that process. My treatment approach is interpersonal and relational. I work from a psychodynamic framework with an engaged and warm style. My work with clients is always centered around their specific goals and needs.
(972) 316-9211 View (972) 316-9211
Photo of Jordan Holley, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jordan Holley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75007  (Online Only)
Jordan works for those dealing with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and guides them towards greater self-awareness and self-acceptance. Jordan is committed to providing affirming support for LGBTQIA+ individuals by creating a welcoming environment where all identities are honored and respected. Jordan has helped her clients reclaim a sense of control back into their lives by finding inner peace, and experiencing a renewed purpose. Through a collaborative and inclusive approach, Jordan strives to empower clients to overcome challenges, cultivate resilience, and embrace a life of authenticity and fulfillment.
Jordan works for those dealing with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and guides them towards greater self-awareness and self-acceptance. Jordan is committed to providing affirming support for LGBTQIA+ individuals by creating a welcoming environment where all identities are honored and respected. Jordan has helped her clients reclaim a sense of control back into their lives by finding inner peace, and experiencing a renewed purpose. Through a collaborative and inclusive approach, Jordan strives to empower clients to overcome challenges, cultivate resilience, and embrace a life of authenticity and fulfillment.
(469) 727-7661 View (469) 727-7661
Photo of Terri Schaefer, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Terri Schaefer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010  (Online Only)
Choosing a therapist is a very personal decision and finding the right fit is crucial to the therapeutic process. We are licensed and experienced therapists helping individuals and families develop coping skills for anxiety, depression, chronic stress, and other life issues. Our goal is to explore ways to improve the quality of your life, while helping you adjust through various life transitions.
Choosing a therapist is a very personal decision and finding the right fit is crucial to the therapeutic process. We are licensed and experienced therapists helping individuals and families develop coping skills for anxiety, depression, chronic stress, and other life issues. Our goal is to explore ways to improve the quality of your life, while helping you adjust through various life transitions.
(469) 378-5742 View (469) 378-5742
Photo of Brooke Petty, LPC-A
Brooke Petty
LPC-Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75010  (Online Only)
I'm Brooke Petty, an Licensed Professional Counselor Associate specializing in telehealth therapy. My clients describe me as warm, empathetic, and truly understanding. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and various techniques, tailoring sessions to your needs, supported by my crisis management background. I help those with depression, anxiety, grief, and mood disorders, ensuring no one feels alone. Our private, virtual sessions offer convenience and accessibility from your own space. Together, we’ll build coping skills and enhance your self-image for a happier, more balanced life.
I'm Brooke Petty, an Licensed Professional Counselor Associate specializing in telehealth therapy. My clients describe me as warm, empathetic, and truly understanding. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and various techniques, tailoring sessions to your needs, supported by my crisis management background. I help those with depression, anxiety, grief, and mood disorders, ensuring no one feels alone. Our private, virtual sessions offer convenience and accessibility from your own space. Together, we’ll build coping skills and enhance your self-image for a happier, more balanced life.
(832) 403-0614 View (832) 403-0614
Photo of Sherry Nasta, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sherry Nasta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carrollton, TX 75010
Attention all struggling adults, couples, and families-- YOU are my speciality! All of us come from a family and if that family was unhealthy, you may likely experience turbulence in your relationships if old family wounds have been left to fester. Let's check in... how would you describe your relationships right now?... Disconnected? Lost? Chaotic? Would you like to describe them as Warm, Safe, and Supportive? I can help you and your loved ones work towards achieving the emotional safety that every human needs to feel deeply safe and satisfied in our relationships.
Attention all struggling adults, couples, and families-- YOU are my speciality! All of us come from a family and if that family was unhealthy, you may likely experience turbulence in your relationships if old family wounds have been left to fester. Let's check in... how would you describe your relationships right now?... Disconnected? Lost? Chaotic? Would you like to describe them as Warm, Safe, and Supportive? I can help you and your loved ones work towards achieving the emotional safety that every human needs to feel deeply safe and satisfied in our relationships.
(972) 885-1222 View (972) 885-1222
Photo of Terri Wright, LPC-A
Terri Wright
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75010  (Online Only)
Openings for Couples! Discounted Rates Offered and Evening/Saturday Appointments Available! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate (supervised by Stephanie Haraburda, LPC-S) whose greatest strength as a therapist is building rapport with clients. I am passionate about working with young adults and couples, however I look forward to working with adults of all age groups. I also have a background working with military members; those overcoming addiction, and clients struggling with relationship and/or family issues.
Openings for Couples! Discounted Rates Offered and Evening/Saturday Appointments Available! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate (supervised by Stephanie Haraburda, LPC-S) whose greatest strength as a therapist is building rapport with clients. I am passionate about working with young adults and couples, however I look forward to working with adults of all age groups. I also have a background working with military members; those overcoming addiction, and clients struggling with relationship and/or family issues.
(469) 812-5648 View (469) 812-5648
Photo of Brandi Herzog, MA,  LPC-S,  ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brandi Herzog
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, ATR
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75006
Brandi Herzog is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from Southwestern College. Brandi offers a unique perspective and a variety of tools to help clients build the life they want to live. She uses art therapy, nature and ecotherapy, mindfulness, and emotion regulation skills to coach clients on how to replace ineffective skills and behaviors with more effective ones to achieve their goals and live a more fulfilling life that reflects their needs and desires.
Brandi Herzog is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from Southwestern College. Brandi offers a unique perspective and a variety of tools to help clients build the life they want to live. She uses art therapy, nature and ecotherapy, mindfulness, and emotion regulation skills to coach clients on how to replace ineffective skills and behaviors with more effective ones to achieve their goals and live a more fulfilling life that reflects their needs and desires.
(214) 833-8497 View (214) 833-8497
Photo of Lisa Schrakamp, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Schrakamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carrollton, TX 75007
Are you struggling to keep up with your family relationships, work and health? Do you know what you need to do but it is hard to make the changes needed? Are you harder on yourself than you are on others? I help people make healthy decisions, manage anxiety and develop strategies to support change and manage stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you where you want to be. I have worked in schools for over two decades and love helping parents improve their relationships with their children and learn strategies to help set their children up for long term success.
Are you struggling to keep up with your family relationships, work and health? Do you know what you need to do but it is hard to make the changes needed? Are you harder on yourself than you are on others? I help people make healthy decisions, manage anxiety and develop strategies to support change and manage stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you where you want to be. I have worked in schools for over two decades and love helping parents improve their relationships with their children and learn strategies to help set their children up for long term success.
(713) 730-2608 View (713) 730-2608
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Carrollton, TX

200+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Carrollton, TX who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
76% Coping Skills
73% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Carrollton, TX see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Carrollton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.