Infidelity Therapists in Austin, TX

Photo of Brandee Smith, MS, LPC-S, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brandee Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
Trauma? Infidelity? Desire personal growth? Letting go of unhealthy or destructive ways of thinking - even when we know they aren't working - can be difficult and hurtful. With support, however, even the most challenging issues can be explored and addressed to help create a clearer path to the life/relationship you choose. Every person comes to therapy with a beautifully unique cultural background and personal history. I celebrate these individual differences. Ask about my specialized training for treating trauma! I am also a Board approved Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas.
Trauma? Infidelity? Desire personal growth? Letting go of unhealthy or destructive ways of thinking - even when we know they aren't working - can be difficult and hurtful. With support, however, even the most challenging issues can be explored and addressed to help create a clearer path to the life/relationship you choose. Every person comes to therapy with a beautifully unique cultural background and personal history. I celebrate these individual differences. Ask about my specialized training for treating trauma! I am also a Board approved Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas.
(512) 882-0402 View (512) 882-0402
Photo of Amelia Canally, LCSW, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amelia Canally
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Hi and welcome! Therapy is a powerful and life changing force and the therapist client fit is the most important element in making therapy worthwhile and effective. Most clients who seek therapy with me are working through relationship issues (either old wounds from family of origin or current relationship issues), loneliness, parenting adjustments or struggles, loss, divorce or separation, connection challenges or relationship betrayal.
Hi and welcome! Therapy is a powerful and life changing force and the therapist client fit is the most important element in making therapy worthwhile and effective. Most clients who seek therapy with me are working through relationship issues (either old wounds from family of origin or current relationship issues), loneliness, parenting adjustments or struggles, loss, divorce or separation, connection challenges or relationship betrayal.
(512) 271-5368 View (512) 271-5368
Photo of Dr. Haselmayer Fayed - MIND Systemic Psychotherapy & Relational Expertise, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
MIND Systemic Psychotherapy & Relational Expertise
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
My work with couples and individuals includes recovering from relational betrayal trauma, communication challenges, infidelity, and depression.
Hello, I'm Dr. Haselmayer Fayed, licensed marriage and family therapist. What would you like to change in your relationships? What's on your MIND? You don't have to work on this on your own. For over a decade, I've dedicated my expertise to working with many people in their quest for change and happiness. There isn't much I haven't seen or helped with. Call me today! Don't wait any longer. As a psychology professor, I instruct master's and doctoral students, engage in research, and have published and presented my research studies. My dedication to academia and research gives me effective tools to work with what's challenging you.
My work with couples and individuals includes recovering from relational betrayal trauma, communication challenges, infidelity, and depression.
Hello, I'm Dr. Haselmayer Fayed, licensed marriage and family therapist. What would you like to change in your relationships? What's on your MIND? You don't have to work on this on your own. For over a decade, I've dedicated my expertise to working with many people in their quest for change and happiness. There isn't much I haven't seen or helped with. Call me today! Don't wait any longer. As a psychology professor, I instruct master's and doctoral students, engage in research, and have published and presented my research studies. My dedication to academia and research gives me effective tools to work with what's challenging you.
(210) 796-8455 View (210) 796-8455
Photo of Roxcy Brown, MA, LMFT-A, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Roxcy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
I specialize in relationships, families, blended families, sex, addictions, parenting, infidelity, and divorce.
I assist people in addressing their relationships, creating stability, building purpose, healing relationship pain, breaking negative cycles, and starting new. My passion lies in helping couples connect on a deeper level and achieve long-lasting change in their relationships. As a relational therapist, I understand that every relationship is unique and requires a personalized approach. To that end, I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities, including Satir, Experiential, Relational Life Therapy, Internal Family Systems, SFT, and Gottman. I help people identify and address their core issues while building strong foundations.
I specialize in relationships, families, blended families, sex, addictions, parenting, infidelity, and divorce.
I assist people in addressing their relationships, creating stability, building purpose, healing relationship pain, breaking negative cycles, and starting new. My passion lies in helping couples connect on a deeper level and achieve long-lasting change in their relationships. As a relational therapist, I understand that every relationship is unique and requires a personalized approach. To that end, I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities, including Satir, Experiential, Relational Life Therapy, Internal Family Systems, SFT, and Gottman. I help people identify and address their core issues while building strong foundations.
(512) 308-6072 View (512) 308-6072
Photo of Gretchen Goswitz, LPC-A
Gretchen Goswitz
LPC Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
Never in a million years did you think you’d be searching for a therapist to help you and your spouse address infidelity. Everything feels really intense right now – the betrayal, the grief, the unanswered questions, the revenge plotting, the instinct to do anything that will provide relief from this pain. Although you may feel like it’s all a mess, I know there’s a part of you that wants to see if your relationship can recover from an affair. Let's sort this out together.
Never in a million years did you think you’d be searching for a therapist to help you and your spouse address infidelity. Everything feels really intense right now – the betrayal, the grief, the unanswered questions, the revenge plotting, the instinct to do anything that will provide relief from this pain. Although you may feel like it’s all a mess, I know there’s a part of you that wants to see if your relationship can recover from an affair. Let's sort this out together.
(737) 530-9642 View (737) 530-9642
Photo of Kelly Harold Edwards, MA, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly Harold Edwards
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
I work with individuals and couples who are struggling with their relationships or feeling stuck in their lives. I believe it takes courage to show up as our authentic selves, and in our work I encourage clients to stand in their truth and live in a way that feels fulfilling. I work with couples who are experiencing conflict, disconnection, or are recovering from betrayal. I help couples learn relational health by shedding light on dysfunctional patterns, improving communication of needs and feelings, and practicing co-regulation.
I work with individuals and couples who are struggling with their relationships or feeling stuck in their lives. I believe it takes courage to show up as our authentic selves, and in our work I encourage clients to stand in their truth and live in a way that feels fulfilling. I work with couples who are experiencing conflict, disconnection, or are recovering from betrayal. I help couples learn relational health by shedding light on dysfunctional patterns, improving communication of needs and feelings, and practicing co-regulation.
(737) 204-6552 View (737) 204-6552
Photo of Katie Bloodworth, MA
Katie Bloodworth
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I have a background in working with couples healing from infidelity and specialize in helping couples rebuild trust.
Supervised by Sarah Arnold, LPC-S. I'm looking to work with clients who are struggling with life transitions and looking to make meaning out of their circumstances. I often work with couples who are navigating a relationship breach and trying to rebuild their foundation. I also work with individuals who are trying to repair or understand relationships in their lives: partners/spouses, family of origin, friendships, etc. I also work with individuals trying to process their trauma(s) and offer tools for healing.
I have a background in working with couples healing from infidelity and specialize in helping couples rebuild trust.
Supervised by Sarah Arnold, LPC-S. I'm looking to work with clients who are struggling with life transitions and looking to make meaning out of their circumstances. I often work with couples who are navigating a relationship breach and trying to rebuild their foundation. I also work with individuals who are trying to repair or understand relationships in their lives: partners/spouses, family of origin, friendships, etc. I also work with individuals trying to process their trauma(s) and offer tools for healing.
(512) 489-9237 View (512) 489-9237
Photo of Leigh Ashley - Leigh Ashley, M.A., LMFT, MA, LMFT, CCTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leigh Ashley, M.A., LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
I work with adults, couples and families who are experiencing conflict, negative or anxious thoughts, feelings of being "stuck" or hopeless, lonely or insignificant. I also work with individuals and couples seeking infidelity recovery. God has a good plan for everyone but realizing that plan can be difficult today with the myriad of distractions and demands on our time and emotions. Situations like divorce, loss, health, betrayal, and other conditions can compound the struggle. I provide a reorienting, nurturing voice of compassion to walk beside you through those times, to help you appreciate your true self and enjoy life again.
I work with adults, couples and families who are experiencing conflict, negative or anxious thoughts, feelings of being "stuck" or hopeless, lonely or insignificant. I also work with individuals and couples seeking infidelity recovery. God has a good plan for everyone but realizing that plan can be difficult today with the myriad of distractions and demands on our time and emotions. Situations like divorce, loss, health, betrayal, and other conditions can compound the struggle. I provide a reorienting, nurturing voice of compassion to walk beside you through those times, to help you appreciate your true self and enjoy life again.
(512) 890-1497 View (512) 890-1497
Photo of Andrew M Miller - Austin Men and Couples Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Austin Men and Couples Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78745
With over 30 years of counseling experience, I am in the unique position to help you navigate through a myriad of issues such as anger, depression, addiction, infidelity, high conflict relationships and general life transitions.
If you are looking for a therapist chances are that you are in the midst of a significant loss, personal failure or the painful realization that your life is not what you hoped it would be-- aka the dark night of the soul. It is often these painful circumstances and events that propel us on a journey of self-discovery where we begin to live a more wholehearted and purposeful life. As your counselor, my job is provide you with support and guidance as you move beyond the pain and into your purpose.
With over 30 years of counseling experience, I am in the unique position to help you navigate through a myriad of issues such as anger, depression, addiction, infidelity, high conflict relationships and general life transitions.
If you are looking for a therapist chances are that you are in the midst of a significant loss, personal failure or the painful realization that your life is not what you hoped it would be-- aka the dark night of the soul. It is often these painful circumstances and events that propel us on a journey of self-discovery where we begin to live a more wholehearted and purposeful life. As your counselor, my job is provide you with support and guidance as you move beyond the pain and into your purpose.
(512) 399-1284 View (512) 399-1284
Photo of Veronica Leal - Westlake Couples Counseling- Veronica Leal, LPC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Westlake Couples Counseling- Veronica Leal, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746  (Online Only)
Do you and your partner desire clear communication and a meaningful connection? Want to get past arguing repeatedly about small trivial things? Has your relationship suffered from betrayal or addiction? I can help. I am a Level 3 trained Gottman Couples Therapist with over 15 years experience working exclusively with couples. I have a passion for working with couples at any stage of their relationship and specialize in couples counseling, marital & pre-marital therapy, relationship coaching and affair/betrayal recovery. During counseling sessions, couples learn to improve communication, manage conflict, and increase intimacy.
Do you and your partner desire clear communication and a meaningful connection? Want to get past arguing repeatedly about small trivial things? Has your relationship suffered from betrayal or addiction? I can help. I am a Level 3 trained Gottman Couples Therapist with over 15 years experience working exclusively with couples. I have a passion for working with couples at any stage of their relationship and specialize in couples counseling, marital & pre-marital therapy, relationship coaching and affair/betrayal recovery. During counseling sessions, couples learn to improve communication, manage conflict, and increase intimacy.
(737) 204-5931 View (737) 204-5931
Photo of Irwin A Tang - Sex, Porn, Infidelity & Phone Addictions Help, MA, MFA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sex, Porn, Infidelity & Phone Addictions Help
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MFA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78729
Are you addicted to sex, porn, or online activities? Alter your thinking and habits to break your addiction. Save your relationship and your sex life/drive. I have a dozen years' experience working with all forms of client sex issues, infidelity, escorts, porn, sexting, online/anon sex, deviance, and shame. I can help you cope with sexual anxieties, body image, impotence. to be clear, I also help with general depression, anxiety, motivation, unemployment, gaming addiction. Nothing's shocking; excellent record of success within 10 sessions of work. You must be ready to put forth a sincere and serious effort. Honesty is paramount.
Are you addicted to sex, porn, or online activities? Alter your thinking and habits to break your addiction. Save your relationship and your sex life/drive. I have a dozen years' experience working with all forms of client sex issues, infidelity, escorts, porn, sexting, online/anon sex, deviance, and shame. I can help you cope with sexual anxieties, body image, impotence. to be clear, I also help with general depression, anxiety, motivation, unemployment, gaming addiction. Nothing's shocking; excellent record of success within 10 sessions of work. You must be ready to put forth a sincere and serious effort. Honesty is paramount.
(512) 969-2488 View (512) 969-2488
Photo of Dr. Michael Johnson, PhD, SPSB, Psychologist
Dr. Michael Johnson
Psychologist, PhD, SPSB
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Problematic Sexual Behaviors often involve codependency, other addictions, depression, anxiety, infidelity, and relationship problems.
I specialize in the treatment individuals and couples dealing with sexual addiction (Problematic Sexual Behavior - PSB) and have for 20 years, treating hundreds of addicts and their partners. I am certified in treating sex addiction (S-PSB). PSBs reflect underlying problems in relationships, emotional attachment, affect management, and impulse control. Treatment engages the whole person, not merely suppression of problem behaviors. Therapy requires compassion, acceptance, and respect. I combine knowledge and wisdom with understanding, creativity, and humor in a down-to-earth, practical approach.
Problematic Sexual Behaviors often involve codependency, other addictions, depression, anxiety, infidelity, and relationship problems.
I specialize in the treatment individuals and couples dealing with sexual addiction (Problematic Sexual Behavior - PSB) and have for 20 years, treating hundreds of addicts and their partners. I am certified in treating sex addiction (S-PSB). PSBs reflect underlying problems in relationships, emotional attachment, affect management, and impulse control. Treatment engages the whole person, not merely suppression of problem behaviors. Therapy requires compassion, acceptance, and respect. I combine knowledge and wisdom with understanding, creativity, and humor in a down-to-earth, practical approach.
(737) 204-3352 View (737) 204-3352
Photo of Maria Wesley Pinion, LCSW, CSAT, CCBRT-c, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Wesley Pinion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT, CCBRT-c
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Are you struggling with sexual behaviors you've promised yourself you'll stop? Is your spouse's porn use or sexual betrayal threatening your marriage? I offer Individual and Couples counseling for those whose relationship is struggling due to Porn or Sex Addiction as well as counseling for Partners of Betrayal Trauma. Many couples struggling with Sex Addiction or Infidelity want to heal their relationship and learn how to return to connection and intimacy. As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a specialist in Couples Betrayal Recovery therapy, I will help you navigate the waters of recovering from infidelity.
Are you struggling with sexual behaviors you've promised yourself you'll stop? Is your spouse's porn use or sexual betrayal threatening your marriage? I offer Individual and Couples counseling for those whose relationship is struggling due to Porn or Sex Addiction as well as counseling for Partners of Betrayal Trauma. Many couples struggling with Sex Addiction or Infidelity want to heal their relationship and learn how to return to connection and intimacy. As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a specialist in Couples Betrayal Recovery therapy, I will help you navigate the waters of recovering from infidelity.
(512) 229-9767 View (512) 229-9767
Photo of Maria Mohamed, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Maria Mohamed
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
We all need a sense of connection to thrive and grow, but there are times in our lives and in our relationships when we experience disconnection. This might look like a hurtful communication pattern with your partner, a relationship rupture like infidelity, or the pain of a breakup. Therapy offers a space where you can feel heard and understood, allowing you to move forward with greater insight into yourself and your relationship dynamics. I aim to help couples rediscover the depth and beauty in their relationship and support individuals in reconnecting with themselves.
We all need a sense of connection to thrive and grow, but there are times in our lives and in our relationships when we experience disconnection. This might look like a hurtful communication pattern with your partner, a relationship rupture like infidelity, or the pain of a breakup. Therapy offers a space where you can feel heard and understood, allowing you to move forward with greater insight into yourself and your relationship dynamics. I aim to help couples rediscover the depth and beauty in their relationship and support individuals in reconnecting with themselves.
(512) 881-6957 View (512) 881-6957
Photo of Lindsay Poth, MFT-A, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lindsay Poth
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT-A, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
If you are experiencing challenges with communication, physical and emotional intimacy, infidelity, or trust recovery, either in your partnership or individually, I can help to strengthen or bring healing to your relationship.
I believe that each of us has the potential to experience dramatic growth, healing, and joy through our relationships and within ourselves, but we are often held back by fear, disconnection from ourselves, and repetitive relational dynamics that seem impossible to change. I feel my role as a therapist is to work in partnership with couples and individuals to bring awareness to these patterns and create an environment for change. By uncovering these insights, you will be able to build healthier connections and achieve a clearer understanding of yourself, your partner, or your relationship.
If you are experiencing challenges with communication, physical and emotional intimacy, infidelity, or trust recovery, either in your partnership or individually, I can help to strengthen or bring healing to your relationship.
I believe that each of us has the potential to experience dramatic growth, healing, and joy through our relationships and within ourselves, but we are often held back by fear, disconnection from ourselves, and repetitive relational dynamics that seem impossible to change. I feel my role as a therapist is to work in partnership with couples and individuals to bring awareness to these patterns and create an environment for change. By uncovering these insights, you will be able to build healthier connections and achieve a clearer understanding of yourself, your partner, or your relationship.
(737) 234-8379 x6 View (737) 234-8379 x6
Photo of Tonea Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tonea Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I'm so glad you found me! I love working with adults concerning anxiety, depression and trauma. Anxiety isn't just fear/nervousness. Anxiety happens when we aren't willing to process difficult emotions. Anxiety can present itself through anger/projection, isolation, busyness, and being unusually overwhelmed. As I operate within the Bowen Family Systems theory, a safe space is created that promotes the ability to process these undesired emotions lending the ability to promote emotional resiliency, maturity and balance! I also thoroughly enjoy couples counseling with an emphasis on conflict resolution and affair/betrayal recovery.
I'm so glad you found me! I love working with adults concerning anxiety, depression and trauma. Anxiety isn't just fear/nervousness. Anxiety happens when we aren't willing to process difficult emotions. Anxiety can present itself through anger/projection, isolation, busyness, and being unusually overwhelmed. As I operate within the Bowen Family Systems theory, a safe space is created that promotes the ability to process these undesired emotions lending the ability to promote emotional resiliency, maturity and balance! I also thoroughly enjoy couples counseling with an emphasis on conflict resolution and affair/betrayal recovery.
(512) 548-8733 View (512) 548-8733
Photo of Anna McElearney, LMFT, LPC, NCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anna McElearney
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I help couples struggling with communication, intimacy, grief, infidelity and trust issues.
Communication Issues in Your Marriage? I can help.
I help couples struggling with communication, intimacy, grief, infidelity and trust issues.
Communication Issues in Your Marriage? I can help.
(512) 354-1551 View (512) 354-1551
Photo of Kendall Campbell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kendall Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731
It takes a great deal of courage to admit that something's askew in your life, so thank you for taking the first (and arguably) the most difficult step towards help. Hello, my name is Kendall Campbell and I specialize in helping couples communicate effectively, manage and resolve conflict, and move forward from two of the greatest challenges that can affect relationships: Infidelity and Addiction. I believe relationships of any kind can help us overcome life's challenges and even grow through shared understanding.
It takes a great deal of courage to admit that something's askew in your life, so thank you for taking the first (and arguably) the most difficult step towards help. Hello, my name is Kendall Campbell and I specialize in helping couples communicate effectively, manage and resolve conflict, and move forward from two of the greatest challenges that can affect relationships: Infidelity and Addiction. I believe relationships of any kind can help us overcome life's challenges and even grow through shared understanding.
(512) 831-4812 View (512) 831-4812
Photo of Lisa Hanusch - Lisa Hanusch PhD, PhD, Psychologist
Lisa Hanusch PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I work with couples, women, and young adults (18+). I enjoy helping couples enhance their connection by identifying barriers and teaching skills. I have special training and experience helping couples recover from the trauma of infidelity. I work also with women (of all ages) with a variety of issues including self-esteem, boundaries, codependency, parenting, relationships, trauma, depression, anxiety, and grief - to name a few. I desire to see women fulfilled, whole, and empowered.
I work with couples, women, and young adults (18+). I enjoy helping couples enhance their connection by identifying barriers and teaching skills. I have special training and experience helping couples recover from the trauma of infidelity. I work also with women (of all ages) with a variety of issues including self-esteem, boundaries, codependency, parenting, relationships, trauma, depression, anxiety, and grief - to name a few. I desire to see women fulfilled, whole, and empowered.
(512) 354-1591 View (512) 354-1591
Photo of Sandra Clem, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sandra Clem
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78727
Infidelity in marriage is devastating, but not necessarily a deal breaker.
Providing a safe, confidential environment where you can share your story is my first priority. I believe in using prayer and the transformation that faith brings to the therapy process along with evidence-based techques to provide you with the tools you need to promote mental, spiritual, emotional, and relational health.
Infidelity in marriage is devastating, but not necessarily a deal breaker.
Providing a safe, confidential environment where you can share your story is my first priority. I believe in using prayer and the transformation that faith brings to the therapy process along with evidence-based techques to provide you with the tools you need to promote mental, spiritual, emotional, and relational health.
(512) 960-3975 View (512) 960-3975
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Infidelity Therapists

How does therapy for infidelity work?

A skilled infidelity therapist will provide a safe space for clients to communicate their feelings and concerns. The goal is to be completely honest about what led to the cheating and how it has affected the entire family to prevent it from recurring in the future. The therapist will help the clients work on rebuilding mutual trust and respect and developing better communication and conflict-resolution skills. If the goal is to remain a couple, clients will learn the “danger signs” for their specific relationship, and they will make a renewed commitment to be faithful.

How long does therapy for infidelity take?

Recovery from infidelity can take time, and it can vary from person to person. Generally, a therapist will want to see the clients at least once a week for around six months. Then the sessions can be arranged as needed, depending on the clients’ individual needs. While therapy may end or shift to an as-needed basis, it can take up to two years or more for some clients to fully recover from infidelity.

How does therapy help the partner who was cheated on?

When a client discovers their partner’s infidelity, their trust in the relationship and in the life they had together may be shattered. They often experience mental health symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, grief, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They don’t always want to stay in the relationship; they may feel ambivalent or may even want to leave. Therapy gives these clients a safe and healthy way to communicate all of their complicated emotions and concerns.

How does therapy help the partner who committed infidelity?

Infidelity often occurs when one or both partners’ emotional needs are not being met in the relationship. Therapy can help this client understand why they cheated and figure out how to address those unmet needs without resorting to infidelity in the future. This can lessen (but not entirely eliminate) the risk of repeated infidelity. Clients who cheat may also feel intense guilt about deceiving their partners, a sentiment that they can work through in therapy.