Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Madison, WI

Photo of Jen Nowak, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jen Nowak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
I am especially interested and experienced in areas of PTSD, complex PTSD, attachment, anxiety, depression, neurodivergence, and complicated grief.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults throughout the lifespan. I enjoy working with diverse populations and have had the privilege of working in various settings including in-home behavioral therapy, group homes, assisted living, intensive day treatment settings, and outpatient counseling. I am currently offering outpatient counseling services at Golden Vibes Counseling Center.
I am especially interested and experienced in areas of PTSD, complex PTSD, attachment, anxiety, depression, neurodivergence, and complicated grief.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults throughout the lifespan. I enjoy working with diverse populations and have had the privilege of working in various settings including in-home behavioral therapy, group homes, assisted living, intensive day treatment settings, and outpatient counseling. I am currently offering outpatient counseling services at Golden Vibes Counseling Center.
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Photo of Jennifer Hendrickson, MS, LPC, SAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Hendrickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SAC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703  (Online Only)
My special interests involve serving transgender, non-binary, and other adult members of the LGBTQIA+ population, as well as adults struggling with the impacts of trauma and PTSD.
I decided to become a therapist because of my passion for helping others. My mission is to help others heal and grow. When people have a safe space to explore their concerns, the possibilities for healing and growth are endless. It is an honor for me to provide that space and empower others to identify the next steps in their journey. I facilitate a welcoming, safe, judgment-free zone. I promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. My approach is trauma-informed and culturally sensitive.
My special interests involve serving transgender, non-binary, and other adult members of the LGBTQIA+ population, as well as adults struggling with the impacts of trauma and PTSD.
I decided to become a therapist because of my passion for helping others. My mission is to help others heal and grow. When people have a safe space to explore their concerns, the possibilities for healing and growth are endless. It is an honor for me to provide that space and empower others to identify the next steps in their journey. I facilitate a welcoming, safe, judgment-free zone. I promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. My approach is trauma-informed and culturally sensitive.
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Photo of Jordyn Riemer, CAPSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jordyn Riemer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CAPSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
I am passionate about supporting folks with anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment issues, family and relationship struggles, self-esteem, identity, body image, and job or school stress.
I am an advanced practice social worker with experience supporting people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds with their mental well-being. I aim to create a welcoming, warm space for people to explore and heal with support. I value building strong therapeutic relationships and working alongside clients to help them achieve their goals. I am currently working with individual clients ages 13+ at Golden Vibes Counseling Center offering outpatient counseling services.
I am passionate about supporting folks with anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment issues, family and relationship struggles, self-esteem, identity, body image, and job or school stress.
I am an advanced practice social worker with experience supporting people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds with their mental well-being. I aim to create a welcoming, warm space for people to explore and heal with support. I value building strong therapeutic relationships and working alongside clients to help them achieve their goals. I am currently working with individual clients ages 13+ at Golden Vibes Counseling Center offering outpatient counseling services.
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Photo of Nicole Podolak | Anxiety Stress Trauma Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Podolak | Anxiety Stress Trauma Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
Ever wonder what your life would be like if you spent it living, instead of healing from things that weren't your fault? Every life chapter can have challenges, but that doesn't mean you must suffer and it certainly doesn't mean you go it alone. I focus on helping the helpers, healers and those who serve. All are welcome. I guide you to help resolve the root cause of your problems, remove barriers, and experience life. You can recover from trauma, ditch old narratives and begin your next chapter.
Ever wonder what your life would be like if you spent it living, instead of healing from things that weren't your fault? Every life chapter can have challenges, but that doesn't mean you must suffer and it certainly doesn't mean you go it alone. I focus on helping the helpers, healers and those who serve. All are welcome. I guide you to help resolve the root cause of your problems, remove barriers, and experience life. You can recover from trauma, ditch old narratives and begin your next chapter.
(608) 501-3361 View (608) 501-3361
Photo of Angela Pennell, LCSW, CSAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angela Pennell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705  (Online Only)
I have clinical experience working with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders. My approach is individualized for each client utilizing Person-Centered Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Mindfulness, and Harm Reduction. I believe the rapport you have with your Therapist is vital for a successful outcome.
I have clinical experience working with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders. My approach is individualized for each client utilizing Person-Centered Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Mindfulness, and Harm Reduction. I believe the rapport you have with your Therapist is vital for a successful outcome.
(608) 571-3866 View (608) 571-3866
Photo of Christine Newville Gartler, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Newville Gartler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53715
I specialize in the treatment of adults and adolescents for anxiety, addictions, trauma, depression, women's issues, LGBTQIA+ issues, and PTSD.
I established my practice in 2007 following a decade of working as a therapist at Jane Addams' Hull House and Chicago area treatment facilities. My office is highly accessible, comfortable, and conducive to effective therapy. I believe that most people can benefit from an objective outside perspective during difficult or challenging times in their lives. My role is to provide additional support and to assist clients during this time of growth, transition or discovery. I help clients identify and navigate issues, crises and areas that are in need of healing. My approach is insight oriented, client centered, and non-judgmental.
I specialize in the treatment of adults and adolescents for anxiety, addictions, trauma, depression, women's issues, LGBTQIA+ issues, and PTSD.
I established my practice in 2007 following a decade of working as a therapist at Jane Addams' Hull House and Chicago area treatment facilities. My office is highly accessible, comfortable, and conducive to effective therapy. I believe that most people can benefit from an objective outside perspective during difficult or challenging times in their lives. My role is to provide additional support and to assist clients during this time of growth, transition or discovery. I help clients identify and navigate issues, crises and areas that are in need of healing. My approach is insight oriented, client centered, and non-judgmental.
(608) 291-5263 View (608) 291-5263
Photo of Heather Edge, MSSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Edge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a wide range of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, relationship connection and parenting concerns.
My down to earth, compassionate and honest nature will make you feel supported and comfortable in the therapeutic process. I convey an empathic approach and gentle sense of humor as I create a safe space that allows clients to develop their authentic self. I bring a playful spirit to my work which is complimented by training and numerous years of experience. I am passionate about helping adults, children and families heal from past trauma and find success in building healthy relationships.
I work with a wide range of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, relationship connection and parenting concerns.
My down to earth, compassionate and honest nature will make you feel supported and comfortable in the therapeutic process. I convey an empathic approach and gentle sense of humor as I create a safe space that allows clients to develop their authentic self. I bring a playful spirit to my work which is complimented by training and numerous years of experience. I am passionate about helping adults, children and families heal from past trauma and find success in building healthy relationships.
(608) 812-8690 View (608) 812-8690
Photo of Megan Ludwigson, MS, LPC-IT, Counselor
Megan Ludwigson
Counselor, MS, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53726
Currently accepting new virtual clients! We all encounter challenges and setbacks in life. Therapy can support you in overcoming them while co-creating a life that you love. I approach therapy through a wellness lens to help you flourish, which means that instead of focusing solely on what's wrong, we pay attention to your strengths and ways that you can feel your best. As a trauma-informed therapist, I recognize that healing happens within the context of felt safety and connection so I strive to create a therapeutic space where you can show up as your whole and unique self. It is an honor to be there as a witness and guide.
Currently accepting new virtual clients! We all encounter challenges and setbacks in life. Therapy can support you in overcoming them while co-creating a life that you love. I approach therapy through a wellness lens to help you flourish, which means that instead of focusing solely on what's wrong, we pay attention to your strengths and ways that you can feel your best. As a trauma-informed therapist, I recognize that healing happens within the context of felt safety and connection so I strive to create a therapeutic space where you can show up as your whole and unique self. It is an honor to be there as a witness and guide.
(608) 765-5264 View (608) 765-5264
Photo of Kellie Juris, MFT-IT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kellie Juris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT-IT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
I am a trauma-informed therapist, trained in EMDR. I use a combination of evidence-based, somatic, and systemic theories to work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief and loss, relational concerns, life transitions, and self-confidence.
I am a trauma-informed therapist, trained in EMDR. I use a combination of evidence-based, somatic, and systemic theories to work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief and loss, relational concerns, life transitions, and self-confidence.
(608) 544-8827 View (608) 544-8827
Photo of Kayla Easland, MFT-IT, LPC-IT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kayla Easland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT-IT, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
Are you an individual or first responder who struggles with unhealed trauma that has left you feeling disconnected and on edge? You're emotionally and mentally exhausted. You've found yourself here and now you want to find someone who might be able to "get it". I'm here to support YOU. Whether you're a first responder or you've experienced a traumatic event or childhood trauma... you're ready to heal from the trauma that has you re-living the past. If this sounds like you, it's time to feel more fulfilled. I'm here to tell you that nothing is wrong with you, you're not broken, and it's not your fault. Healing is possible.
Are you an individual or first responder who struggles with unhealed trauma that has left you feeling disconnected and on edge? You're emotionally and mentally exhausted. You've found yourself here and now you want to find someone who might be able to "get it". I'm here to support YOU. Whether you're a first responder or you've experienced a traumatic event or childhood trauma... you're ready to heal from the trauma that has you re-living the past. If this sounds like you, it's time to feel more fulfilled. I'm here to tell you that nothing is wrong with you, you're not broken, and it's not your fault. Healing is possible.
(608) 719-4419 View (608) 719-4419
Photo of Jaime Lam, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Jaime Lam
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
I work with a wide array of concerns (anxiety, depression, trauma, gender exploration, relationship distress, etc.
I know that seeking therapy can be an intensely vulnerable act. My goal as your therapist will be to meet that vulnerability with the care and understanding that it deserves. This means approaching your concerns with curiosity and respect for all of the identities and experiences that you bring to the table. I have extensive experience working with adults with a variety of backgrounds, and make every effort to acknowledge how your environment, cultural factors and systems of power/oppression have shaped the concerns that have brought you to therapy.
I work with a wide array of concerns (anxiety, depression, trauma, gender exploration, relationship distress, etc.
I know that seeking therapy can be an intensely vulnerable act. My goal as your therapist will be to meet that vulnerability with the care and understanding that it deserves. This means approaching your concerns with curiosity and respect for all of the identities and experiences that you bring to the table. I have extensive experience working with adults with a variety of backgrounds, and make every effort to acknowledge how your environment, cultural factors and systems of power/oppression have shaped the concerns that have brought you to therapy.
(608) 401-4315 View (608) 401-4315
Photo of Joshua H. Aronoff, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP-II, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joshua H. Aronoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
When we struggle with stress, anxiety, and trauma, it can interfere with our relationships and ability to function. I work with adults to work through these difficulties in a way that supports their needs. My goal is to provide a welcoming space where people feel safe and heard, and that is inclusive and intersectional—a space that welcomes folks with a variety of identities, experiences, and perspectives, whether that is as an individual or within the context of their relationships.
When we struggle with stress, anxiety, and trauma, it can interfere with our relationships and ability to function. I work with adults to work through these difficulties in a way that supports their needs. My goal is to provide a welcoming space where people feel safe and heard, and that is inclusive and intersectional—a space that welcomes folks with a variety of identities, experiences, and perspectives, whether that is as an individual or within the context of their relationships.
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Photo of Thomas Michael Kaufman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thomas Michael Kaufman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
For the past 20 years, I have worked with families, couples, adults, and adolescents. Using cognitive-behavioral theory with narrative techniques, I help empower clients to explore areas within their lives that present challenges and inhibit change, and assist them with finding solutions that will work for them. However, I also believe that the therapeutic relationship is a vital component within any program, which means that I believe that any work needs to be collaborative between myself and my clients. I am certified to deliver trauma-focused treatments as well as providing services to help manage stress and anxiety.
For the past 20 years, I have worked with families, couples, adults, and adolescents. Using cognitive-behavioral theory with narrative techniques, I help empower clients to explore areas within their lives that present challenges and inhibit change, and assist them with finding solutions that will work for them. However, I also believe that the therapeutic relationship is a vital component within any program, which means that I believe that any work needs to be collaborative between myself and my clients. I am certified to deliver trauma-focused treatments as well as providing services to help manage stress and anxiety.
(608) 512-0319 View (608) 512-0319
Photo of David Langford, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
David Langford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53726
I also offer EMDR, a type of therapy which helps the brain reprocess trauma and other distress.
Here is how I help: I offer grounded and compassionate therapy that is open, present, and realistic. You will be understood and accepted as you are so we can work toward resolving the problems that stand in your way, whether they are challenges you want to face on your own, or relationship issues you want to resolve with your partner or family. With couples, Meshel Langford is my co-therapist. Having both of us provides balance, perspective, and support (please see our website, linked on this page).
I also offer EMDR, a type of therapy which helps the brain reprocess trauma and other distress.
Here is how I help: I offer grounded and compassionate therapy that is open, present, and realistic. You will be understood and accepted as you are so we can work toward resolving the problems that stand in your way, whether they are challenges you want to face on your own, or relationship issues you want to resolve with your partner or family. With couples, Meshel Langford is my co-therapist. Having both of us provides balance, perspective, and support (please see our website, linked on this page).
(608) 200-2163 View (608) 200-2163
Photo of Nora Burnham, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nora Burnham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53711
I use a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach to focus on growth and healing.
Are you overwhelmed and burned out? Do you feel disconnected from yourself, others, and the world? Are you trying to manage uncertainty, emotional discomfort, and distressing events all on your own? I work with adolescents and adults that are seeking support while they navigate difficult life transitions, healing from trauma, identity and gender exploration, anxiety, depression, and family conflict among other challenges. we can work together to identify patterns in your life that no longer serve you, build on your positive values, discover your existing skills, and learn new techniques to work through life’s challenges.
I use a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach to focus on growth and healing.
Are you overwhelmed and burned out? Do you feel disconnected from yourself, others, and the world? Are you trying to manage uncertainty, emotional discomfort, and distressing events all on your own? I work with adolescents and adults that are seeking support while they navigate difficult life transitions, healing from trauma, identity and gender exploration, anxiety, depression, and family conflict among other challenges. we can work together to identify patterns in your life that no longer serve you, build on your positive values, discover your existing skills, and learn new techniques to work through life’s challenges.
(608) 889-2921 View (608) 889-2921
Photo of Stephanie Hall, LCSW, SAC-IT, MC-ASD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAC-IT, MC-ASD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, losing time, loss of a sense of self, masking, sensory overload, or trauma that affects activities of daily life, life goals, relationships, or work? Do you find yourself feeling exhausted, frustrated, lost, overwhelmed, or just plain done by trying get through the day or live up to other’s standards? Do you question whether life could be better? Now more than ever, folks are feeling uncertain about finding a life that they want to live.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, losing time, loss of a sense of self, masking, sensory overload, or trauma that affects activities of daily life, life goals, relationships, or work? Do you find yourself feeling exhausted, frustrated, lost, overwhelmed, or just plain done by trying get through the day or live up to other’s standards? Do you question whether life could be better? Now more than ever, folks are feeling uncertain about finding a life that they want to live.
(608) 640-3303 View (608) 640-3303
Photo of Anastasia Coppola, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anastasia Coppola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
I'm trained in Brainspotting, which is an effective body-based therapy used to resolve trauma, address negative thinking patterns, and work through difficult emotions.
Sept availability Mon & Tues. My approach centers on the mind-body connection. My goal is to facilitate deep healing with psychosomatic therapy. Through interpersonal and systemic traumas, unmet needs throughout life, and generally overwhelming situations, disconnection and an inability to cope can arise. Using approaches, like IFS and Brainspotting, we will work together to process emotions and distress and increase your ability to be present in your life. Through an attuned presence and your mindful awareness in therapy, you can engage in healing and connection to yourself and the world around you.
I'm trained in Brainspotting, which is an effective body-based therapy used to resolve trauma, address negative thinking patterns, and work through difficult emotions.
Sept availability Mon & Tues. My approach centers on the mind-body connection. My goal is to facilitate deep healing with psychosomatic therapy. Through interpersonal and systemic traumas, unmet needs throughout life, and generally overwhelming situations, disconnection and an inability to cope can arise. Using approaches, like IFS and Brainspotting, we will work together to process emotions and distress and increase your ability to be present in your life. Through an attuned presence and your mindful awareness in therapy, you can engage in healing and connection to yourself and the world around you.
(608) 535-6532 View (608) 535-6532
Photo of Briana Thomas - Discover You Counseling and Personal Wellness, MS, LMFT, CCTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Discover You Counseling and Personal Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53718
I like to use Gottman’s Relationship Method, Emotion Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Intergenerational Therapy, Solution Focused and Trauma-Informed Approaches.
Is your relationship suffering from ongoing issues? Does it seem to be getting worse? Family conflict? Has your child begun to act out behaviorally? Issues with trust? Infidelity? Issues with communication? Lack of overall satisfaction? Has it gotten to the point where you've considered breaking things off with your partner? Ending a friendship? Cutting off a family member? Pause for a moment...and consider this...what would be different in your life if the issues within your relationship were no longer a major concern? How would the quality of your life be impacted?
I like to use Gottman’s Relationship Method, Emotion Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Intergenerational Therapy, Solution Focused and Trauma-Informed Approaches.
Is your relationship suffering from ongoing issues? Does it seem to be getting worse? Family conflict? Has your child begun to act out behaviorally? Issues with trust? Infidelity? Issues with communication? Lack of overall satisfaction? Has it gotten to the point where you've considered breaking things off with your partner? Ending a friendship? Cutting off a family member? Pause for a moment...and consider this...what would be different in your life if the issues within your relationship were no longer a major concern? How would the quality of your life be impacted?
(608) 560-5355 View (608) 560-5355
Photo of Jill Klotz Flitter, PhD, Psychologist
Jill Klotz Flitter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
I have significant experience working with clients who have a wide range of concerns including sexual trauma, depression, anxiety, family difficulties, peer problems, self-injurious behaviors, grief and loss, and adjustment and life transitions.
Chocolate, snowboarding, and shopping can be therapeutic, but sometimes they're not enough. I see teenagers, adults, and families when struggles get in the way of fun and suffering becomes too familiar. Friends and family hopefully are there when we need them, yet therapists can provide additional essentials: nonjudgmental, individual attention in a safe setting. Relationships are central to our well-being, and the therapy process involves building a relationship. Clients lead, and I listen to your goals and help you to identify unhealthy patterns, reduce negative self-talk, and learn more about how you view yourself and the world.
I have significant experience working with clients who have a wide range of concerns including sexual trauma, depression, anxiety, family difficulties, peer problems, self-injurious behaviors, grief and loss, and adjustment and life transitions.
Chocolate, snowboarding, and shopping can be therapeutic, but sometimes they're not enough. I see teenagers, adults, and families when struggles get in the way of fun and suffering becomes too familiar. Friends and family hopefully are there when we need them, yet therapists can provide additional essentials: nonjudgmental, individual attention in a safe setting. Relationships are central to our well-being, and the therapy process involves building a relationship. Clients lead, and I listen to your goals and help you to identify unhealthy patterns, reduce negative self-talk, and learn more about how you view yourself and the world.
(608) 514-1124 x4 View (608) 514-1124 x4
Photo of Jesse Heer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jesse Heer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53717  (Online Only)
At Oak Leaf Psychotherapy, we work with individuals dealing with a wide range of mental health concerns including, but not limited to, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, and ADHD. We are proud to welcome individuals of all backgrounds, all genders, and all members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
At Oak Leaf Psychotherapy, we work with individuals dealing with a wide range of mental health concerns including, but not limited to, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, and ADHD. We are proud to welcome individuals of all backgrounds, all genders, and all members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
(608) 602-7089 View (608) 602-7089
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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.