Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

Photo of Nicole Kerr, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Kerr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
I am trauma-informed and and LGBTQIA+ affirming therapist.
Hey, I'm Nicole. I specialize in helping modern women in their 20s and 30s overcome anxiety, foster meaningful relationships, and become their truest, healthiest selves. If you're struggling with people pleasing, insecure attachment, boundaries, high-functioning anxiety, codependency, perfectionism, or general relationship issues, I'm here to help. I'm passionate about working with individuals who are ready to jump in and do the work, and I'm committed to helping you achieve your goals. I am also a board approved supervisor for therapists working towards LPCC licensure in the state of MN.
I am trauma-informed and and LGBTQIA+ affirming therapist.
Hey, I'm Nicole. I specialize in helping modern women in their 20s and 30s overcome anxiety, foster meaningful relationships, and become their truest, healthiest selves. If you're struggling with people pleasing, insecure attachment, boundaries, high-functioning anxiety, codependency, perfectionism, or general relationship issues, I'm here to help. I'm passionate about working with individuals who are ready to jump in and do the work, and I'm committed to helping you achieve your goals. I am also a board approved supervisor for therapists working towards LPCC licensure in the state of MN.
(612) 887-1910 View (612) 887-1910
Photo of Eleanor Croce, MA, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Eleanor Croce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55406
I am particularly passionate about trauma-focused therapy and am an EMDRIA Certified EMDR Therapist.
My therapeutic style is authentic, nonjudgmental, and laid back. I believe all humans should be treated with respect and kindness, and understand all people are seeking understanding and acceptance. I attempt to personalize my therapeutic approach to match the unique needs of you and your life.
I am particularly passionate about trauma-focused therapy and am an EMDRIA Certified EMDR Therapist.
My therapeutic style is authentic, nonjudgmental, and laid back. I believe all humans should be treated with respect and kindness, and understand all people are seeking understanding and acceptance. I attempt to personalize my therapeutic approach to match the unique needs of you and your life.
(651) 448-8175 View (651) 448-8175
Photo of Patricia Ann Lucas, PhD, R-DMT, LPCC, Counselor
Patricia Ann Lucas
Counselor, PhD, R-DMT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
I focus on very early origins of trauma.
It is my experience that the fullest, most satisfying healing involves our whole person, mind, body, and spirit. By focusing on patterns of movement in the body as well as thinking, we work together to achieve your goals for therapy. A body based and energetic focus is often a new and effective way for people to resolve issues that only talking about them did not reach. I look for resistance and protective actions that no longer serve a person. I emphasize developing aliveness in the body, feeling joyful, free, and peace.
I focus on very early origins of trauma.
It is my experience that the fullest, most satisfying healing involves our whole person, mind, body, and spirit. By focusing on patterns of movement in the body as well as thinking, we work together to achieve your goals for therapy. A body based and energetic focus is often a new and effective way for people to resolve issues that only talking about them did not reach. I look for resistance and protective actions that no longer serve a person. I emphasize developing aliveness in the body, feeling joyful, free, and peace.
(612) 326-6793 View (612) 326-6793
Photo of Catherine Russell, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Russell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Some of my work is with adolescent and adult women,teaching them the skills to manage underlying anxiety and trauma which often predate their substance use, adding to the effectiveness of the medication.
I work with families who have experienced a variety of traumas in my work at Children's Hospital in Minneapolis and St. Paul. Much of the that job involves counseling parents who have lost an infant or child, or who have a child with chronic health problems, or whose child has a life threatening condition. In addition, couples who try to have another child after a loss have specific needs. When interventions are available to address the trauma of child illness or death right away, we can sometimes reduce the severity of the struggles with their trauma.
Some of my work is with adolescent and adult women,teaching them the skills to manage underlying anxiety and trauma which often predate their substance use, adding to the effectiveness of the medication.
I work with families who have experienced a variety of traumas in my work at Children's Hospital in Minneapolis and St. Paul. Much of the that job involves counseling parents who have lost an infant or child, or who have a child with chronic health problems, or whose child has a life threatening condition. In addition, couples who try to have another child after a loss have specific needs. When interventions are available to address the trauma of child illness or death right away, we can sometimes reduce the severity of the struggles with their trauma.
(612) 260-4569 View (612) 260-4569
Photo of Emily Steece, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Steece
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
I believe that everyone is the expert on themselves, but at times this expertise can be difficult to harness due to the curveballs life often throws our way. My approach is empathetic, flexible, non-judgmental with a dash of humor, and some occasional colorful language. I can also be very direct when needed. Utilizing both trauma-informed and attachment-based perspectives, I will collaborate with you on discovering that expertise. I am passionate about diversity and inclusion which allows me to honor the unique needs of everyone who grants me the privilege of joining them on their journey.
I believe that everyone is the expert on themselves, but at times this expertise can be difficult to harness due to the curveballs life often throws our way. My approach is empathetic, flexible, non-judgmental with a dash of humor, and some occasional colorful language. I can also be very direct when needed. Utilizing both trauma-informed and attachment-based perspectives, I will collaborate with you on discovering that expertise. I am passionate about diversity and inclusion which allows me to honor the unique needs of everyone who grants me the privilege of joining them on their journey.
(763) 265-6228 View (763) 265-6228
Photo of Xavier Schmitz, MS, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Xavier Schmitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55417
Waitlist for new clients
Issues addressed may include: depression, anxiety, fear of exercising outdoors, trauma recovery, climate distress, gender identity, relationship concerns, sexuality, identity development, chronic illness, and life transitions.
Whether you’re a nature lover or nature avoider, love to move your body or can’t stand to break a sweat, this therapy is for you. With today’s stressors, we all need nature more than ever. Take your therapy outdoors and gain the benefits of moving your eyes off the screen, engaging your senses, and really feeling your body in nature...all while addressing your personal goals.
Issues addressed may include: depression, anxiety, fear of exercising outdoors, trauma recovery, climate distress, gender identity, relationship concerns, sexuality, identity development, chronic illness, and life transitions.
Whether you’re a nature lover or nature avoider, love to move your body or can’t stand to break a sweat, this therapy is for you. With today’s stressors, we all need nature more than ever. Take your therapy outdoors and gain the benefits of moving your eyes off the screen, engaging your senses, and really feeling your body in nature...all while addressing your personal goals.
(651) 333-8206 View (651) 333-8206
Photo of Laura Groeneweg, MSW, LICSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Groeneweg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people experiencing complex PTSD and trauma symptoms.
Do you notice your body alternating between being ready to fight a hoard of zombies or being mistaken for one? Are feelings from past pain overwhelming you at inopportune times despite doing everything you can to avoid remembering those experiences? Have you noticed feelings of unexplained shame, paralysis, frustration, with the occasional dash of self abandonment? Are you disappointed that catastrophizing isn’t an Olympic sport because planning for the worst case scenario of every situation is your jam?
I specialize in working with people experiencing complex PTSD and trauma symptoms.
Do you notice your body alternating between being ready to fight a hoard of zombies or being mistaken for one? Are feelings from past pain overwhelming you at inopportune times despite doing everything you can to avoid remembering those experiences? Have you noticed feelings of unexplained shame, paralysis, frustration, with the occasional dash of self abandonment? Are you disappointed that catastrophizing isn’t an Olympic sport because planning for the worst case scenario of every situation is your jam?
(612) 445-2673 View (612) 445-2673
Photo of Kelsey Sorensen, MA, LPCC
Kelsey Sorensen
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
My therapeutic approach is person-centered and trauma-informed.
I am passionate about supporting women as they navigate the perinatal period - pregnancy, birth and postpartum. This is a period of transformation, where we may experience changes emotionally, physically, interpersonally, and in identity. The experience surrounding pregnancy and birth, especially when one or both don’t go as planned, can increase feelings of distress, isolation, and overwhelm - adding challenge to an already intense life transition. We tend to have a lot of judgements about how we "should" feel during this time, and it can be quite upsetting when that doesn't match our experience.
My therapeutic approach is person-centered and trauma-informed.
I am passionate about supporting women as they navigate the perinatal period - pregnancy, birth and postpartum. This is a period of transformation, where we may experience changes emotionally, physically, interpersonally, and in identity. The experience surrounding pregnancy and birth, especially when one or both don’t go as planned, can increase feelings of distress, isolation, and overwhelm - adding challenge to an already intense life transition. We tend to have a lot of judgements about how we "should" feel during this time, and it can be quite upsetting when that doesn't match our experience.
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Photo of Shawna Belcher, MA, NCC, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shawna Belcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55429  (Online Only)
I am deeply passionate about partnering with my clients to identify their strengths, navigate obstacles stemming from trauma, and facilitate transformative change towards healing and empowerment.
As a mental health therapist, I am dedicated to providing evidence-based and client-centered support to individuals seeking guidance on their journey towards improved well being. With a deep commitment to fostering a safe and comforting therapeutic relationship, I strive to provide a supportive space where clients feel enabled to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences openly. Grounded in a person-centered approach to wellness, my practice integrates various therapeutic modalities tailored to meet the unique needs of each client.
I am deeply passionate about partnering with my clients to identify their strengths, navigate obstacles stemming from trauma, and facilitate transformative change towards healing and empowerment.
As a mental health therapist, I am dedicated to providing evidence-based and client-centered support to individuals seeking guidance on their journey towards improved well being. With a deep commitment to fostering a safe and comforting therapeutic relationship, I strive to provide a supportive space where clients feel enabled to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences openly. Grounded in a person-centered approach to wellness, my practice integrates various therapeutic modalities tailored to meet the unique needs of each client.
(763) 373-5042 View (763) 373-5042
Photo of Stacie Peckels, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stacie Peckels
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
As a Prepare/Enrich certified facilitator, I focus on helping individuals and couples navigate their relationships, unpack trauma, rebuild self-esteem, and reclaim their lives.
Now Accepting New Clients! Life can be challenging and even traumatic, but it can also be beautiful and fulfilling. My goal is to provide a judgment-free space where you can heal and move toward that place of fulfillment. I specialize in Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Personality Disorders, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Relationships, Family Conflict, and significant life events such as Divorce and Grief/Loss.
As a Prepare/Enrich certified facilitator, I focus on helping individuals and couples navigate their relationships, unpack trauma, rebuild self-esteem, and reclaim their lives.
Now Accepting New Clients! Life can be challenging and even traumatic, but it can also be beautiful and fulfilling. My goal is to provide a judgment-free space where you can heal and move toward that place of fulfillment. I specialize in Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Personality Disorders, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Relationships, Family Conflict, and significant life events such as Divorce and Grief/Loss.
(612) 324-5264 View (612) 324-5264
Photo of Marlee James - Reviving Roots Therapy & Wellness, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Reviving Roots Therapy & Wellness
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Our ideal client seeks a holistic approach to healing, navigating trauma, stress, and societal pressures. They desire wellness practices that honor their cultural identity, aiming for peace, resilience, and self-discovery. At Reviving Roots, they find a community and strategies rooted in a deep understanding of the Black experience, seeking to thrive mentally, physically, and spiritually.
Our ideal client seeks a holistic approach to healing, navigating trauma, stress, and societal pressures. They desire wellness practices that honor their cultural identity, aiming for peace, resilience, and self-discovery. At Reviving Roots, they find a community and strategies rooted in a deep understanding of the Black experience, seeking to thrive mentally, physically, and spiritually.
(612) 712-9135 View (612) 712-9135
Photo of Dr. Nelly Bonilla, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Dr. Nelly Bonilla
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55437  (Online Only)
Are you wondering how past traumatic events are impacting your life? Would you like to heal from childhood trauma? Or, do you describe yourself as an angry and resentful person, and you would like to manage your emotions in a healthier way? Or, do you need to feel understood and not judged? If any of these scenarios describe you, you need a safe space to fully express all aspects of what you are experiencing in order to find emotional well-being.
Are you wondering how past traumatic events are impacting your life? Would you like to heal from childhood trauma? Or, do you describe yourself as an angry and resentful person, and you would like to manage your emotions in a healthier way? Or, do you need to feel understood and not judged? If any of these scenarios describe you, you need a safe space to fully express all aspects of what you are experiencing in order to find emotional well-being.
(952) 592-8578 View (952) 592-8578
Photo of Nicole Crain, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Crain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55406  (Online Only)
Do you find it difficult to muster the energy to start your day? Are you feeling crushed beneath the weight of stress or anxiety? Have you experienced loss or trauma that continues to impact your life and relationships? Many individuals experience these obstacles, and it's completely normal to feel overwhelmed at times. But imagine a life where each day feels like an opportunity rather than a challenge. It may seem daunting, but countless people have found their joy again, and you can too. I am passionate about helping others find their path to a meaningful and balanced life.
Do you find it difficult to muster the energy to start your day? Are you feeling crushed beneath the weight of stress or anxiety? Have you experienced loss or trauma that continues to impact your life and relationships? Many individuals experience these obstacles, and it's completely normal to feel overwhelmed at times. But imagine a life where each day feels like an opportunity rather than a challenge. It may seem daunting, but countless people have found their joy again, and you can too. I am passionate about helping others find their path to a meaningful and balanced life.
(651) 800-7873 View (651) 800-7873
Photo of Brad Fern, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brad Fern
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
I help people free themselves from anxiety, depression, and the effects of trauma. I customize my approach to your needs so you can achieve the healing and growth you're striving for. I can help. Individuals and couples. If you feel that you have to hide your true self, feel overwhelmed, stressed in your professional or personal relationships. I will create a safe space for you to heal.
I help people free themselves from anxiety, depression, and the effects of trauma. I customize my approach to your needs so you can achieve the healing and growth you're striving for. I can help. Individuals and couples. If you feel that you have to hide your true self, feel overwhelmed, stressed in your professional or personal relationships. I will create a safe space for you to heal.
(952) 592-3621 View (952) 592-3621
Photo of Dara Denton, LPCC, Counselor
Dara Denton
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I believe in the necessity of evidence-based practices and therefore continually receive training and education on best practices for treating trauma and mood disorders.
Do you question if your wants and needs are reasonable? Have you been told you're "too sensitive"? Are you finding yourself in relationships where you give more than you get? I am committed to empowering women to trust themselves, understand the science behind their "symptoms," and ultimately improve their relationships (whether in one or not). I'll help you develop skills to support connection while reducing self-doubt and worry. You'll walk away from therapy less reliant on others to gauge how you should feel about something and more in tune with your body's internal wisdom.
I believe in the necessity of evidence-based practices and therefore continually receive training and education on best practices for treating trauma and mood disorders.
Do you question if your wants and needs are reasonable? Have you been told you're "too sensitive"? Are you finding yourself in relationships where you give more than you get? I am committed to empowering women to trust themselves, understand the science behind their "symptoms," and ultimately improve their relationships (whether in one or not). I'll help you develop skills to support connection while reducing self-doubt and worry. You'll walk away from therapy less reliant on others to gauge how you should feel about something and more in tune with your body's internal wisdom.
(763) 247-7912 View (763) 247-7912
Photo of Reema Bhattacharya - Holistic Psychotherapy Practice, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Holistic Psychotherapy Practice
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439  (Online Only)
You are facing some challenges in your life like trauma, mood disorders, chronic health or pain issues, perhaps with co-occurring diagnoses of mental health & addiction. You might be struggling in your relationships as a spouse, partner or parent. You need a collaborative partnership with a trauma-informed therapist who will customize their approach towards your care, work with you to understand your needs, recognize your strengths and learn to address your challenges. You are looking for a therapist who is responsive to your culture, sexuality & uniqueness. You could work with the therapist as an individual, a couple or a family.
You are facing some challenges in your life like trauma, mood disorders, chronic health or pain issues, perhaps with co-occurring diagnoses of mental health & addiction. You might be struggling in your relationships as a spouse, partner or parent. You need a collaborative partnership with a trauma-informed therapist who will customize their approach towards your care, work with you to understand your needs, recognize your strengths and learn to address your challenges. You are looking for a therapist who is responsive to your culture, sexuality & uniqueness. You could work with the therapist as an individual, a couple or a family.
(763) 265-6352 View (763) 265-6352
Photo of Nichelle Dillon, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nichelle Dillon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55437  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with people struggling with life changes, relationship stressors, and trauma.
Has life been harder to navigate lately? Maybe you’re going through a major change or transition that has been more stressful than you imagined. Maybe the relationships in your life have been difficult to manage. Maybe you want to start speaking up for yourself and setting boundaries but don’t know how to. Maybe you’ve gone through a difficult or traumatic experience and are having a hard time moving forward. Maybe you’ve lost touch with your true self and what you really want and need support getting back to yourself. If any of the above resonates with you, we might be a good fit.
I have extensive experience working with people struggling with life changes, relationship stressors, and trauma.
Has life been harder to navigate lately? Maybe you’re going through a major change or transition that has been more stressful than you imagined. Maybe the relationships in your life have been difficult to manage. Maybe you want to start speaking up for yourself and setting boundaries but don’t know how to. Maybe you’ve gone through a difficult or traumatic experience and are having a hard time moving forward. Maybe you’ve lost touch with your true self and what you really want and need support getting back to yourself. If any of the above resonates with you, we might be a good fit.
(952) 395-8700 View (952) 395-8700
Photo of Amy Griffis, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amy Griffis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Are you an older teen or adult ages 17-65 years old? And have you been experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, gender identity exploration/issues, body image issues, or other issues and wish you could work collaboratively with someone who is compassionate and supportive to help you achieve your goals? Change and relief are possible and you don't have to do it alone.
Are you an older teen or adult ages 17-65 years old? And have you been experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, gender identity exploration/issues, body image issues, or other issues and wish you could work collaboratively with someone who is compassionate and supportive to help you achieve your goals? Change and relief are possible and you don't have to do it alone.
(612) 482-7601 View (612) 482-7601
Photo of Roger Pollock, LICSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Roger Pollock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55402
I specialize in treating trauma, emotional dysregulation, impulsiveness, and life-threatening behaviors.
My mission is to genuinely share myself with others so that we can reach higher levels of understanding and experience acceptance, commitment, and hope. We are doing the best we can, with what we have, in this moment and we can do better, being more motivated to change. With a dialectical perspective, drawing from the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping my clients achieve their goals and create a life worth living.In my work, I connect with adolescents, families, and young adults, offering a radically genuine relationship that helps them discover that hope and recovery are possible.
I specialize in treating trauma, emotional dysregulation, impulsiveness, and life-threatening behaviors.
My mission is to genuinely share myself with others so that we can reach higher levels of understanding and experience acceptance, commitment, and hope. We are doing the best we can, with what we have, in this moment and we can do better, being more motivated to change. With a dialectical perspective, drawing from the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping my clients achieve their goals and create a life worth living.In my work, I connect with adolescents, families, and young adults, offering a radically genuine relationship that helps them discover that hope and recovery are possible.
(612) 662-5680 View (612) 662-5680
Photo of Ashley Shepard, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Shepard
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
I specialize in working with individuals aged 13 and above who deal with complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, gender and sexuality struggles, body image issues, chronic pain, and women’s issues.
Are you facing challenges due to societal inequities and need a safe, affirming space where you feel seen and heard without judgment? Would you benefit from trauma-informed, holistic, and inclusive care that can address various levels of oppression and social factors affecting your well-being? Are you looking to heal from trauma, reclaim your authentic self, build healthy relationships, feel empowered, and attain holistic well-being? If so, I am confident in my ability to assist you along this journey! I look forward to watching you grow resiliently and live authentically despite societal pressures.
I specialize in working with individuals aged 13 and above who deal with complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, gender and sexuality struggles, body image issues, chronic pain, and women’s issues.
Are you facing challenges due to societal inequities and need a safe, affirming space where you feel seen and heard without judgment? Would you benefit from trauma-informed, holistic, and inclusive care that can address various levels of oppression and social factors affecting your well-being? Are you looking to heal from trauma, reclaim your authentic self, build healthy relationships, feel empowered, and attain holistic well-being? If so, I am confident in my ability to assist you along this journey! I look forward to watching you grow resiliently and live authentically despite societal pressures.
(763) 347-2496 View (763) 347-2496
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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.