Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Peoria Heights, IL

Photo of Jessica L Wooden, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica L Wooden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Peoria Heights, IL 61616  (Online Only)
I have years of experience helping people work through life stressors, childhood trauma, anxiety, rejection, abandonment, grief, self-esteem issues, anger and relationship issues.
Are you ready to work through past hurts or unresolved issues so that you can have more peace in your life? I want to help you develop more insight into some of your unresolved issues you may be struggling with so that you can feel better. Do you want to feel more confident in yourself and work through negative beliefs you may have been struggling with for years? I want to help you and be that supportive and empathetic person to guide you through those things.
I have years of experience helping people work through life stressors, childhood trauma, anxiety, rejection, abandonment, grief, self-esteem issues, anger and relationship issues.
Are you ready to work through past hurts or unresolved issues so that you can have more peace in your life? I want to help you develop more insight into some of your unresolved issues you may be struggling with so that you can feel better. Do you want to feel more confident in yourself and work through negative beliefs you may have been struggling with for years? I want to help you and be that supportive and empathetic person to guide you through those things.
(309) 220-5632 View (309) 220-5632
Photo of Stephanie Weir, LCPC, Counselor
Stephanie Weir
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
As a skilled and compassionate therapist, I specialize in working with persons having experienced trauma, sexual abuse, and domestic violence, offering a safe place for individuals to heal and rediscover their strength. With many years of experience in the field, I have committed myself to supporting survivors on their path towards healing and empowerment.
As a skilled and compassionate therapist, I specialize in working with persons having experienced trauma, sexual abuse, and domestic violence, offering a safe place for individuals to heal and rediscover their strength. With many years of experience in the field, I have committed myself to supporting survivors on their path towards healing and empowerment.
(309) 450-2266 View (309) 450-2266
Photo of Denise A. Bow - Bess Practice, LLC, MA, NCC, LPC, LCPC, EMDR, Counselor
Bess Practice, LLC
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, LCPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616  (Online Only)
EMDR and Brainspotting therapies help with healing trauma -relational, simple or developmental.
"Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways." I enjoy working who are struggling to cope, adjust or heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, personality and/or family issues. I use a broad range of theory in practice to address client concerns and moving them into wellness.
EMDR and Brainspotting therapies help with healing trauma -relational, simple or developmental.
"Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways." I enjoy working who are struggling to cope, adjust or heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, personality and/or family issues. I use a broad range of theory in practice to address client concerns and moving them into wellness.
(309) 326-5820 View (309) 326-5820
Photo of Maria Hight-Hallstrom, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Maria Hight-Hallstrom
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Accepting new clients - immediate day/evening appointments available! We all have seasons where we need to be reminded that we are not alone. I strive to cultivate a safe and authentic space for you to explore the complexities of your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Practicing from a trauma-informed perspective, I integrate both attachment and parts work to suit the holistic goals of my clients.
Accepting new clients - immediate day/evening appointments available! We all have seasons where we need to be reminded that we are not alone. I strive to cultivate a safe and authentic space for you to explore the complexities of your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Practicing from a trauma-informed perspective, I integrate both attachment and parts work to suit the holistic goals of my clients.
(309) 463-3404 View (309) 463-3404
Photo of Kyle Freiburger, LCPC
Kyle Freiburger
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
I have found through my journey of becoming a counselor that I want to help those who have experienced trauma.
Beginning the process of counseling can be a very different type of experience. Allowing oneself to be vulnerable enough to discuss personal and sometimes traumatic topics about one’s life is not always an easy task. As someone who has been in counseling, myself, I understand how difficult it can be to take that first step. This is why I became a counselor. I understand that faith can be an important part of one’s life and am able to integrate concepts of faith into counseling, based on each individual’s preference. I also realize that some wish to focus solely on therapeutic concepts and want to engage you where you are.
I have found through my journey of becoming a counselor that I want to help those who have experienced trauma.
Beginning the process of counseling can be a very different type of experience. Allowing oneself to be vulnerable enough to discuss personal and sometimes traumatic topics about one’s life is not always an easy task. As someone who has been in counseling, myself, I understand how difficult it can be to take that first step. This is why I became a counselor. I understand that faith can be an important part of one’s life and am able to integrate concepts of faith into counseling, based on each individual’s preference. I also realize that some wish to focus solely on therapeutic concepts and want to engage you where you are.
(309) 274-0765 View (309) 274-0765
Photo of Mary Beth Cunningham, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Mary Beth Cunningham
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Waitlist for new clients
I have vast training and experience in working with individuals with backgrounds of trauma (including domestic violence and sexual assault), substance use, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenic disorder (including schizoaffective disorder), and clients whose diagnoses impede their abilities to learn and work in a traditional setting.
My office is a judgement-free zone when helping my clients to achieve their goal of a higher quality of life. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who is skilled in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders. I have over a decade of experience helping adolescents and adults overcome barriers related to mood & anxiety disorders, trauma-related stressors, substance use disorders, grief & loss, and educational difficulties related to learning disabilities and mental health diagnoses. I am a client-centered therapist and am able to tailor treatment goals to each individual's needs using evidence-based approaches.
I have vast training and experience in working with individuals with backgrounds of trauma (including domestic violence and sexual assault), substance use, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenic disorder (including schizoaffective disorder), and clients whose diagnoses impede their abilities to learn and work in a traditional setting.
My office is a judgement-free zone when helping my clients to achieve their goal of a higher quality of life. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who is skilled in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders. I have over a decade of experience helping adolescents and adults overcome barriers related to mood & anxiety disorders, trauma-related stressors, substance use disorders, grief & loss, and educational difficulties related to learning disabilities and mental health diagnoses. I am a client-centered therapist and am able to tailor treatment goals to each individual's needs using evidence-based approaches.
(309) 213-2825 View (309) 213-2825
Photo of Shannon Jo Erdmann, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shannon Jo Erdmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
I have experience working with victims of trauma including sexual assault, sexual abuse, and domestic violence.
Currently Accepting new clients. Realizing that it might be time to make some changes in your life can be a hard realization, and even harder to reach out for support on your journey. You are taking a brave step and it would be my honor to walk beside you as you work toward understanding what works best for you.
I have experience working with victims of trauma including sexual assault, sexual abuse, and domestic violence.
Currently Accepting new clients. Realizing that it might be time to make some changes in your life can be a hard realization, and even harder to reach out for support on your journey. You are taking a brave step and it would be my honor to walk beside you as you work toward understanding what works best for you.
(309) 248-5959 View (309) 248-5959
Photo of Jason Davis, MA, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Jason Davis
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Most of my experience has been with the following clinical issues: depression, stress, anxiety, grief, anger management, life transitions, and trauma.
I believe counseling is a collaborative process that's rooted in a supportive, therapeutic relationship. I focus on creating a sense of safety and trust that allows for exploration of vulnerabilities, recognition of strengths/weaknesses, and increasing insight into your patterns of thinking and behavior. I bring an individualized, eclectic approach that utilizes multiple theoretical orientations into my personal therapeutic style. My main goal is for you to feel like you're healing and growing as a person in all areas of life.
Most of my experience has been with the following clinical issues: depression, stress, anxiety, grief, anger management, life transitions, and trauma.
I believe counseling is a collaborative process that's rooted in a supportive, therapeutic relationship. I focus on creating a sense of safety and trust that allows for exploration of vulnerabilities, recognition of strengths/weaknesses, and increasing insight into your patterns of thinking and behavior. I bring an individualized, eclectic approach that utilizes multiple theoretical orientations into my personal therapeutic style. My main goal is for you to feel like you're healing and growing as a person in all areas of life.
(309) 271-1696 View (309) 271-1696
Photo of Julie Eaton, LCPC, CADC, Counselor
Julie Eaton
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
I work with adolescents, adults, and couples on a variety of issues including: substance use disorders, trauma and abuse, boundary issues and concerns, assertiveness training, anxiety, and relationship difficulties.
Twists and turns are part of life, but having an impartial voice that lends a new perspective can make navigating them easier. We all have our own struggles, experiences, and obstacles. We also have our own strengths, talents, and resources. Realizing how to utilize your unique strengths to discover ways to overcome obstacles is my passion. We all have our differences and it is those differences that give us strength as individuals, couples, families, and communities.
I work with adolescents, adults, and couples on a variety of issues including: substance use disorders, trauma and abuse, boundary issues and concerns, assertiveness training, anxiety, and relationship difficulties.
Twists and turns are part of life, but having an impartial voice that lends a new perspective can make navigating them easier. We all have our own struggles, experiences, and obstacles. We also have our own strengths, talents, and resources. Realizing how to utilize your unique strengths to discover ways to overcome obstacles is my passion. We all have our differences and it is those differences that give us strength as individuals, couples, families, and communities.
(309) 322-9082 View (309) 322-9082
Photo of Lisa Schwab, LCPC, NCC, CTC, DCC, EAS-C, Counselor
Lisa Schwab
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CTC, DCC, EAS-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Life can be hard, painful, confusing, scary, and challenging. Events happen that leave us reeling with brokenness, grief, disbelief, guilt, fear, insecurity, and shame. We don't know what to do or which way to turn or how we got here in the first place. We may hold onto false beliefs about our self-worth, negative thoughts that tear us apart, relationships that are toxic, and behaviors that are destructive. All in an attempt to somehow alleviate how we are feeling. I am here to partner with you in working towards wholeness and healing and to empower you to move forward, happily and confidently.
Life can be hard, painful, confusing, scary, and challenging. Events happen that leave us reeling with brokenness, grief, disbelief, guilt, fear, insecurity, and shame. We don't know what to do or which way to turn or how we got here in the first place. We may hold onto false beliefs about our self-worth, negative thoughts that tear us apart, relationships that are toxic, and behaviors that are destructive. All in an attempt to somehow alleviate how we are feeling. I am here to partner with you in working towards wholeness and healing and to empower you to move forward, happily and confidently.
(309) 228-4676 View (309) 228-4676
Photo of Regina Bridges, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Regina Bridges
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
My name is Regina Bridges. Ever since I can remember, I have enjoyed listening to and supporting others. My goal is to help people of all ages and backgrounds feel heard and empowered. I find it a privilege to be part of the process of growth for each client I am able to serve. I approach therapy through a holistic and person centered lens focusing on the whole person where they are the expert and author of their own story.
My name is Regina Bridges. Ever since I can remember, I have enjoyed listening to and supporting others. My goal is to help people of all ages and backgrounds feel heard and empowered. I find it a privilege to be part of the process of growth for each client I am able to serve. I approach therapy through a holistic and person centered lens focusing on the whole person where they are the expert and author of their own story.
(309) 245-8814 View (309) 245-8814
Photo of Wisnu Meier, MA, NCC, LCPC, Counselor
Wisnu Meier
Counselor, MA, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Life is meant to be lived well, yet it presents constant changes and challenges which can cause us to feel overwhelmed. Whether you are seeking relief from stress, depression and anxiety, trying to resolve some relationship issues, or understanding your children's concerns, I can help. If you have experienced a loss and would like to take the journey toward recovery so you can experience joy again, I can help. With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness techniques and Writing for emotional healing, I will help you find the path to inner peace. Call/text (309) 472-0798.
Life is meant to be lived well, yet it presents constant changes and challenges which can cause us to feel overwhelmed. Whether you are seeking relief from stress, depression and anxiety, trying to resolve some relationship issues, or understanding your children's concerns, I can help. If you have experienced a loss and would like to take the journey toward recovery so you can experience joy again, I can help. With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness techniques and Writing for emotional healing, I will help you find the path to inner peace. Call/text (309) 472-0798.
(309) 874-4875 View (309) 874-4875
Photo of Melissa McAuley, LSW
Melissa McAuley
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Are you tired of trying to hold it all together? Have you turned to alcohol, drugs, porn, or unhealthy sexual behaviors to cope? Are friends and family increasingly concerned? Are you fighting more with your partner or loved ones, blowing up in anger or simply avoiding conflict? Are consequences piling up in relationships, at home, work, or school? Or are you watching as this becomes the reality for a loved one? I am profoundly aware of the toll substances and addictive behaviors can take on individuals and families from my 7 yrs experience in addiction treatment. Therapy is a great place to start if you are looking for a change.
Are you tired of trying to hold it all together? Have you turned to alcohol, drugs, porn, or unhealthy sexual behaviors to cope? Are friends and family increasingly concerned? Are you fighting more with your partner or loved ones, blowing up in anger or simply avoiding conflict? Are consequences piling up in relationships, at home, work, or school? Or are you watching as this becomes the reality for a loved one? I am profoundly aware of the toll substances and addictive behaviors can take on individuals and families from my 7 yrs experience in addiction treatment. Therapy is a great place to start if you are looking for a change.
(309) 388-3115 View (309) 388-3115
Photo of Lindsey Holzhauer, LCSW, ADHD-, CCSP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsey Holzhauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ADHD-, CCSP
Verified Verified
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Everyone’s journey is different, shaped by personal experiences and emotions. I aim to create a safe and understanding space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings. Together, we’ll identify what you need and what you're good at, then build a plan to help you overcome obstacles and live a more fulfilling life. Although, my experience spans through all ages, I have found my passion and purpose in focusing on adolescence and women.
Everyone’s journey is different, shaped by personal experiences and emotions. I aim to create a safe and understanding space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings. Together, we’ll identify what you need and what you're good at, then build a plan to help you overcome obstacles and live a more fulfilling life. Although, my experience spans through all ages, I have found my passion and purpose in focusing on adolescence and women.
(309) 447-7344 View (309) 447-7344
Photo of Teresa L Markum - Hope Counseling and Therapy Services, PLLC, MA, LCPC, CCTP, EMDR, Counselor
Hope Counseling and Therapy Services, PLLC
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CCTP, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria Heights, IL 61616
Not accepting new clients
I have experience in domestic violence including emotional abuse and sexual assault/abuse and work with childhood trauma as well as trauma and stressor-related disorders such as PTSD.
We all want to be happy and feel hopeful about the future, but sometimes life's stressors can make it quite challenging. Therapy can help. I work with clients to teach them healthy coping and how to change their perspective. A new way of thinking can truly make a significant impact on how a person feels. I am trained in EMDR therapy, a powerful treatment for trauma and PTSD. I graduated from Bradley University with a masters degree in Human Development Counseling and have over 10 years experience providing therapy.
I have experience in domestic violence including emotional abuse and sexual assault/abuse and work with childhood trauma as well as trauma and stressor-related disorders such as PTSD.
We all want to be happy and feel hopeful about the future, but sometimes life's stressors can make it quite challenging. Therapy can help. I work with clients to teach them healthy coping and how to change their perspective. A new way of thinking can truly make a significant impact on how a person feels. I am trained in EMDR therapy, a powerful treatment for trauma and PTSD. I graduated from Bradley University with a masters degree in Human Development Counseling and have over 10 years experience providing therapy.
(309) 300-3077 View (309) 300-3077

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Angie K Sinclair Hawley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angie K Sinclair Hawley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, IL 61614
We all experience difficult times in our life, whether the difficulty is trauma from your past, relationship issues, stress or feeling overwhelmed. Those difficult times may bring sadness, hurt, anxiety, loneliness or anger. I can help you let go and work through those behaviors and patterns that no longer serve a purpose for you. I will strive to help you gain insight, clarity and acceptance in your life. Counseling can help you create the life you desire and deserve. It takes courage to take the first step to become an even better version of you!
We all experience difficult times in our life, whether the difficulty is trauma from your past, relationship issues, stress or feeling overwhelmed. Those difficult times may bring sadness, hurt, anxiety, loneliness or anger. I can help you let go and work through those behaviors and patterns that no longer serve a purpose for you. I will strive to help you gain insight, clarity and acceptance in your life. Counseling can help you create the life you desire and deserve. It takes courage to take the first step to become an even better version of you!
(309) 727-8059 View (309) 727-8059
Photo of Karen Gilmore, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Gilmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Peoria, IL 61614
Karen Gilmore is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2012. She has a BA in Psychology/Religion from Greenville University and an MSW from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Karen treats patients who experience trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, interpersonal relationship difficulties, disruptions of sleep, behavioral issues related to nutrition, workplace targeting, betrayal trauma, and chronic pain and fatigue. Karen is a mom of four adult children and a grandmother of two, and she enjoys swimming, woodworking and creating her own designs for projects.
Karen Gilmore is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2012. She has a BA in Psychology/Religion from Greenville University and an MSW from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Karen treats patients who experience trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, interpersonal relationship difficulties, disruptions of sleep, behavioral issues related to nutrition, workplace targeting, betrayal trauma, and chronic pain and fatigue. Karen is a mom of four adult children and a grandmother of two, and she enjoys swimming, woodworking and creating her own designs for projects.
(309) 204-8865 View (309) 204-8865
Photo of Diane Recob, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane Recob
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, IL 61614  (Online Only)
Also, I am active in ongoing training in the fields of neuropsychology and trauma treatment to better be able to assess and offer the most current and evidence based treatment modalities that support healing and growth.
Whether you are seeking support to heal depression, anxiety, the challenges of ADHD or traumatic experiences I am here to help you make change. Living with the disruptions that come with persistent symptoms like sadness, anxiousness, intrusive thoughts or an overactive mind can derail your ability to experience a sense of well being. You deserve someone who will listen to you, understand where you are coming from and give you effective tools to make the change you want happen.
Also, I am active in ongoing training in the fields of neuropsychology and trauma treatment to better be able to assess and offer the most current and evidence based treatment modalities that support healing and growth.
Whether you are seeking support to heal depression, anxiety, the challenges of ADHD or traumatic experiences I am here to help you make change. Living with the disruptions that come with persistent symptoms like sadness, anxiousness, intrusive thoughts or an overactive mind can derail your ability to experience a sense of well being. You deserve someone who will listen to you, understand where you are coming from and give you effective tools to make the change you want happen.
(312) 313-7188 View (312) 313-7188
Photo of Amanda Breeden, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Amanda Breeden
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, IL 61614
I have additional training in Childhood Behavioral Disturbances, Anxiety and Depression, Severe/Persistent Mental Illness & Trauma.
As a therapist and human being, I believe in the power of counseling and its success at different times in one's life, whether for the purpose of personal growth or to address more serious mental health concerns or problematic behaviors. As a foundation to the counseling relationship, I help clients and families understand the process of therapy and that all people, children and adults, grow and heal on their own time. I believe that by providing a safe and supportive environment, clients are able to make positive, lasting change.
I have additional training in Childhood Behavioral Disturbances, Anxiety and Depression, Severe/Persistent Mental Illness & Trauma.
As a therapist and human being, I believe in the power of counseling and its success at different times in one's life, whether for the purpose of personal growth or to address more serious mental health concerns or problematic behaviors. As a foundation to the counseling relationship, I help clients and families understand the process of therapy and that all people, children and adults, grow and heal on their own time. I believe that by providing a safe and supportive environment, clients are able to make positive, lasting change.
(309) 733-4074 View (309) 733-4074
Photo of Angela Kemner, LCPC, Counselor
Angela Kemner
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, IL 61603
Welcome! My name is Angela and I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) with nearly 20 years of experience. I am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and advanced alcohol and drug counselor (CAADC). I specialize in treating adults, couples, youth, and families in a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma & PTSD, substance use, ADHD, anger management, and family/relationship issues, amongst others. My therapy style is person-centered, warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
Welcome! My name is Angela and I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) with nearly 20 years of experience. I am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and advanced alcohol and drug counselor (CAADC). I specialize in treating adults, couples, youth, and families in a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma & PTSD, substance use, ADHD, anger management, and family/relationship issues, amongst others. My therapy style is person-centered, warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
(309) 598-1774 View (309) 598-1774

See more therapy options for Peoria Heights

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.