Anxiety Therapists in Pulaski, TN

Photo of Michele Elaine Ries, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michele Elaine Ries
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pulaski, TN 38478  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years of experience and education in treating trauma, anxiety based diagnosis, depression, addiction issues, and all types of behavioral issues in children.
I understand that life can be challenging at times, and it’s important to have support when you need it. Whether you’re facing a one-time event or an ongoing issue, there are resources available to help you overcome obstacles and live the life you dream of.
I have over 20 years of experience and education in treating trauma, anxiety based diagnosis, depression, addiction issues, and all types of behavioral issues in children.
I understand that life can be challenging at times, and it’s important to have support when you need it. Whether you’re facing a one-time event or an ongoing issue, there are resources available to help you overcome obstacles and live the life you dream of.
(931) 202-9074 View (931) 202-9074
Photo of Tim Brooks, MSHA, LPC-MHS, Counselor
Tim Brooks
Counselor, MSHA, LPC-MHS
Verified Verified
Pulaski, TN 38478
Life can be hard. I know from personal experience. I have been a counselor for over twenty years and a client before that. Counseling provides individuals a safe place to work on making personal changes. I teach skills for overcoming anxiety disorders, such as panic attacks and obsessive compulsive behaviors, as well as working with chronic pain, depression and trauma.
Life can be hard. I know from personal experience. I have been a counselor for over twenty years and a client before that. Counseling provides individuals a safe place to work on making personal changes. I teach skills for overcoming anxiety disorders, such as panic attacks and obsessive compulsive behaviors, as well as working with chronic pain, depression and trauma.
(931) 295-0952 View (931) 295-0952
Photo of Brian Gregory, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brian Gregory
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pulaski, TN 38478
I also see individuals with anxiety, depression and other related problems, (including children, adolescents and teens) and those struggling with spiritual issues.
As we experience life and recount its events, we use stories. Often the problems we encounter and the stories we use to describe our life, become so entangled it is hard to separate ourselves from it all. Through therapy, it is my job to help you clearly see were you begin and the problems end, while empowering you to tell the story you want.
I also see individuals with anxiety, depression and other related problems, (including children, adolescents and teens) and those struggling with spiritual issues.
As we experience life and recount its events, we use stories. Often the problems we encounter and the stories we use to describe our life, become so entangled it is hard to separate ourselves from it all. Through therapy, it is my job to help you clearly see were you begin and the problems end, while empowering you to tell the story you want.
(931) 300-2916 View (931) 300-2916
Photo of Sheila Renee Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheila Renee Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pulaski, TN 38478  (Online Only)
So, whether you are trying to cope with some adverse or traumatizing event, working to improve your self-esteem, or to alleviate depression and anxiety, I will encourage you identify your strengths to resolve issues while being nonjudgemental and respecting your autonomy.
I have over 17 years’ experience as a mental health provider, fourteen of those as a LCSW. I primarily work with adolescents and adults. My approach to therapy is eclectic, but I primarily use CBT and person-centered therapy models. I believe that people who seek therapy, do so because they are motivated to make change and to want to address issues that are preventing them from experiencing their best life.
So, whether you are trying to cope with some adverse or traumatizing event, working to improve your self-esteem, or to alleviate depression and anxiety, I will encourage you identify your strengths to resolve issues while being nonjudgemental and respecting your autonomy.
I have over 17 years’ experience as a mental health provider, fourteen of those as a LCSW. I primarily work with adolescents and adults. My approach to therapy is eclectic, but I primarily use CBT and person-centered therapy models. I believe that people who seek therapy, do so because they are motivated to make change and to want to address issues that are preventing them from experiencing their best life.
(931) 651-7936 View (931) 651-7936
Photo of Suzanne M Towne - Healing Hearts Ranch, LLC, LCSW, BSN, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Healing Hearts Ranch, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BSN
Verified Verified
Pulaski, TN 38478
I believe each individual has within them the solutions to their problems/concerns, they just require some guidance to find the path to their well-being. I work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples. I have worked in the mental health field since 1976 both as a psychiatric RN and then a therapist. My experience has been diverse, including inpatient psychiatric settings working with individuals suffering from eating disorders, chemical dependency, diverse childhood & intensive adult psychiatric disorders as well as a community mental health setting assisting individuals, couples, groups, children and foster parents living in the therapeutic foster care system.
I believe each individual has within them the solutions to their problems/concerns, they just require some guidance to find the path to their well-being. I work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples. I have worked in the mental health field since 1976 both as a psychiatric RN and then a therapist. My experience has been diverse, including inpatient psychiatric settings working with individuals suffering from eating disorders, chemical dependency, diverse childhood & intensive adult psychiatric disorders as well as a community mental health setting assisting individuals, couples, groups, children and foster parents living in the therapeutic foster care system.
(931) 309-0153 View (931) 309-0153

Online Therapists

Photo of Blake M Howard, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Blake M Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
Life can be really hard sometimes, and nobody should have to go through it alone. Human connection and compassion can be so powerful and our greatest tool towards healing. I believe that we are all experts of our own experience and that sometimes we need someone to walk alongside with us because it's okay to not be 'okay'. I work primarily with trauma (complex and acute), grief/depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relational issues, and sitting through difficult life transitions and stressors. I am eager to work collaboratively with you to begin your work towards inner peace and healing.
Life can be really hard sometimes, and nobody should have to go through it alone. Human connection and compassion can be so powerful and our greatest tool towards healing. I believe that we are all experts of our own experience and that sometimes we need someone to walk alongside with us because it's okay to not be 'okay'. I work primarily with trauma (complex and acute), grief/depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relational issues, and sitting through difficult life transitions and stressors. I am eager to work collaboratively with you to begin your work towards inner peace and healing.
(615) 857-3166 View (615) 857-3166
Photo of Tom Rhodes, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tom Rhodes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Welcome. Whether you are struggling in your relationship or are tired of feeling anxious and depressed, I can help you connect with yourself, and in turn with others, in a new way toward feeling better soon. I honor and respect everything within you, in the midst of your search and struggle, which has brought you here. I really get how lonely, desperate, hopeless feeling or even numbing, that struggle can be. I have an MA in Integral Counseling Psychology from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco — the first program in the world to blend Western schools of psychology with Eastern spiritual traditions.
Welcome. Whether you are struggling in your relationship or are tired of feeling anxious and depressed, I can help you connect with yourself, and in turn with others, in a new way toward feeling better soon. I honor and respect everything within you, in the midst of your search and struggle, which has brought you here. I really get how lonely, desperate, hopeless feeling or even numbing, that struggle can be. I have an MA in Integral Counseling Psychology from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco — the first program in the world to blend Western schools of psychology with Eastern spiritual traditions.
(615) 437-4959 View (615) 437-4959
Photo of Dr. Andy Killingsworth, EdD, LPCMHSP, MAC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Andy Killingsworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPCMHSP, MAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Juliet, TN 37122  (Online Only)
With over 27 yrs of experience, I have learned that healing and change is a process that is unique to each individual. In counseling, we will walk this journey together by identifying, exploring, and working through your experiences and challenges. Whether you experience depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, behavioral addictions, trauma, extreme stress, etc., we will explore ways to manage thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and sensations associated with your life circumstances. Collaboratively, we will develop and identify unique coping strategies to help increase the likelihood that you live the life that you want to live.
With over 27 yrs of experience, I have learned that healing and change is a process that is unique to each individual. In counseling, we will walk this journey together by identifying, exploring, and working through your experiences and challenges. Whether you experience depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, behavioral addictions, trauma, extreme stress, etc., we will explore ways to manage thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and sensations associated with your life circumstances. Collaboratively, we will develop and identify unique coping strategies to help increase the likelihood that you live the life that you want to live.
(719) 625-2361 View (719) 625-2361
Photo of Andrew Chapman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrew Chapman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
Many clients seek therapy to work on issues relating to anxiety, depression, substance use, family of origin, trauma, relationship conflicts, life transition, grief, or just feeling stuck or under-motivated.
Honest self-reflection is the answer to so many of our problems. At many points throughout our lives, we learn to ease life’s burdens by shutting down, acting out, or running away in attempts to find relief. Even our most destructive coping strategies were often the best answers we could find at the time to manage our anxieties, our desires, and our pain. When we allow ourselves the opportunity to slow down and reflect on our lives, both past and present, we deepen our understanding and insight. And, as we explore our lives without moralizing and harshness, we develop genuine compassion and greater trust in ourselves.
Many clients seek therapy to work on issues relating to anxiety, depression, substance use, family of origin, trauma, relationship conflicts, life transition, grief, or just feeling stuck or under-motivated.
Honest self-reflection is the answer to so many of our problems. At many points throughout our lives, we learn to ease life’s burdens by shutting down, acting out, or running away in attempts to find relief. Even our most destructive coping strategies were often the best answers we could find at the time to manage our anxieties, our desires, and our pain. When we allow ourselves the opportunity to slow down and reflect on our lives, both past and present, we deepen our understanding and insight. And, as we explore our lives without moralizing and harshness, we develop genuine compassion and greater trust in ourselves.
(615) 258-6995 View (615) 258-6995
Photo of Dawn Ducote, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dawn Ducote
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Too often our pasts and fears get in the way of achieving success and living full, productive, and content lives.
Therapy should be a safe place for you to work on goals, gain skills to better deal with life challenges, and/or to take back your life from the effects of trauma, depression, or anxiety. I customize my style for each individual and use evidence-based interventions to help you reach your goals. We can work together to help you find understanding, and catalyze growth and healing. I worked in the corporate world for 10+ years, and understand the struggles of managing a team, proving your worth, and finding time and ways to care for your soul.
Too often our pasts and fears get in the way of achieving success and living full, productive, and content lives.
Therapy should be a safe place for you to work on goals, gain skills to better deal with life challenges, and/or to take back your life from the effects of trauma, depression, or anxiety. I customize my style for each individual and use evidence-based interventions to help you reach your goals. We can work together to help you find understanding, and catalyze growth and healing. I worked in the corporate world for 10+ years, and understand the struggles of managing a team, proving your worth, and finding time and ways to care for your soul.
(615) 541-4698 View (615) 541-4698
Photo of Rachel Bloodworth, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Bloodworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405
You're exhausted and overwhelmed by life, it's just too much and you feel like a failure. The to-do list goes on forever, the kids always need YOU and you're not sure that you're really enough. Maybe you've been feeling sad, anxious, irritable, and disconnected from those you love. Or when you first woke up this morning everything felt okay for a minute, but then you remembered, and it was like a punch in your gut, all the heartbreak and loss, all the pain, came rushing back over you. You want to feel like you again, to let go of the past, to be able to enjoy life and be present in the moment with the people that you care about.
You're exhausted and overwhelmed by life, it's just too much and you feel like a failure. The to-do list goes on forever, the kids always need YOU and you're not sure that you're really enough. Maybe you've been feeling sad, anxious, irritable, and disconnected from those you love. Or when you first woke up this morning everything felt okay for a minute, but then you remembered, and it was like a punch in your gut, all the heartbreak and loss, all the pain, came rushing back over you. You want to feel like you again, to let go of the past, to be able to enjoy life and be present in the moment with the people that you care about.
(423) 205-6732 View (423) 205-6732
Photo of Rachel Holloway, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Holloway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
I am accepting new clients with a variety of mental health struggles. I love working with adolescents and college students struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships issues, family conflict, and school issues. I am passionate about working with women through all stages of life. Whether your work is creating a sense of purpose, difficulty with a major life transition, struggling with alcohol or drug use, experiencing grief/loss or finding a new normal pregnant or postpartum, let's walk through your life journey together.
I am accepting new clients with a variety of mental health struggles. I love working with adolescents and college students struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships issues, family conflict, and school issues. I am passionate about working with women through all stages of life. Whether your work is creating a sense of purpose, difficulty with a major life transition, struggling with alcohol or drug use, experiencing grief/loss or finding a new normal pregnant or postpartum, let's walk through your life journey together.
(629) 299-1507 View (629) 299-1507
Photo of Elaine Dowell, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elaine Dowell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37415
I enjoy working with people dealing with issues around anxiety, depression, grief and loss, shame, and trauma.
I believe that every person develops strategies for managing the pain, disconnection, and brokenness that arise out of our stories of harm. Oftentimes these protective strategies hinder the connection and relationships we so desperately desire. I am passionate about helping clients navigate the seemingly desolate and stuck places they find themselves, and ultimately moving towards healing and growth.
I enjoy working with people dealing with issues around anxiety, depression, grief and loss, shame, and trauma.
I believe that every person develops strategies for managing the pain, disconnection, and brokenness that arise out of our stories of harm. Oftentimes these protective strategies hinder the connection and relationships we so desperately desire. I am passionate about helping clients navigate the seemingly desolate and stuck places they find themselves, and ultimately moving towards healing and growth.
(423) 205-6475 View (423) 205-6475
Photo of Rebecca McCartney, LCSW, CCTP-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca McCartney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37221  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety that affects your daily life and your most important relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed by all your responsibilities and pressure to measure up? Do you feel jittery, scattered, or unsettled as you go about your day? Now more than ever, women are struggling under the weight of their mental load. With increased expectations in our various roles, anxiety often results. If you are looking for support to help you discover the source of your anxiety and learn practical ways to stop anxiety from interfering in your life and relationships, I'd love to work with you. Feel better and find your joy again.
Do you struggle with anxiety that affects your daily life and your most important relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed by all your responsibilities and pressure to measure up? Do you feel jittery, scattered, or unsettled as you go about your day? Now more than ever, women are struggling under the weight of their mental load. With increased expectations in our various roles, anxiety often results. If you are looking for support to help you discover the source of your anxiety and learn practical ways to stop anxiety from interfering in your life and relationships, I'd love to work with you. Feel better and find your joy again.
(281) 524-3778 View (281) 524-3778
Photo of Cameron Carpenter, MEd, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cameron Carpenter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Murfreesboro, TN 37129
At some point in time, every person experiences an impasse or issue in his or her life, and might need to regain some perspective or obtain support to help improve the situation. As a counselor, I am here to provide a safe and supportive environment in which to work on life's issues, problems, or roadblocks. I work with and assist children, adolescents, and adults aged 11 years and up experiencing any number of issues such as, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, financial health disorders, life stage changes, grief, parenting issues, relationship difficulties, work/career problems, and health concerns.
At some point in time, every person experiences an impasse or issue in his or her life, and might need to regain some perspective or obtain support to help improve the situation. As a counselor, I am here to provide a safe and supportive environment in which to work on life's issues, problems, or roadblocks. I work with and assist children, adolescents, and adults aged 11 years and up experiencing any number of issues such as, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, financial health disorders, life stage changes, grief, parenting issues, relationship difficulties, work/career problems, and health concerns.
(615) 412-0491 View (615) 412-0491
Photo of Alyssa Walden Durdunji, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alyssa Walden Durdunji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212  (Online Only)
Areas of special clinical interest include trauma, relationship issues, self-worth, anxiety, depression, life transitions, couple/family conflict, substance abuse (including family members impacted by addiction), and grief/loss.
I am passionate about seeing lives and relationships restored. I recognize the courage it takes to come to therapy and believe that transformation happens in the context of relationships when people feel heard and understood. My hope is to invite clients into a safe space where we have the opportunity to honestly confront painful and uncomfortable issues.
Areas of special clinical interest include trauma, relationship issues, self-worth, anxiety, depression, life transitions, couple/family conflict, substance abuse (including family members impacted by addiction), and grief/loss.
I am passionate about seeing lives and relationships restored. I recognize the courage it takes to come to therapy and believe that transformation happens in the context of relationships when people feel heard and understood. My hope is to invite clients into a safe space where we have the opportunity to honestly confront painful and uncomfortable issues.
(615) 455-2540 View (615) 455-2540
Photo of Julia Melton, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julia Melton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37208  (Online Only)
I have 6 years of experience working with sexual trauma, anxiety, and attachment using a gentle, client-lead approach.
Looking for an open-minded, geeky, metalhead, kink-aware hypnotherapist? I'm passionate about helping others feel empowered in their pleasure and reclaim their sexuality in a world that leaves us uninformed and shamed. I love helping people change beliefs about their self, explore attachment, validate their pleasure and sexuality, implement changes in their lives, ease anxiety, connect to others and build healthy relationships. Just need someone professional to talk to without judgement? I'm happy to hold the space. Email is the best way to reach me.
I have 6 years of experience working with sexual trauma, anxiety, and attachment using a gentle, client-lead approach.
Looking for an open-minded, geeky, metalhead, kink-aware hypnotherapist? I'm passionate about helping others feel empowered in their pleasure and reclaim their sexuality in a world that leaves us uninformed and shamed. I love helping people change beliefs about their self, explore attachment, validate their pleasure and sexuality, implement changes in their lives, ease anxiety, connect to others and build healthy relationships. Just need someone professional to talk to without judgement? I'm happy to hold the space. Email is the best way to reach me.
(629) 299-1117 View (629) 299-1117
Photo of Nicole Trader, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nicole Trader
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Life can be full of stressful and challenging times, leaving you feeling disconnected, hopeless, and broken. These feelings can lead to unhelpful thought patterns and feeling "stuck" in the same cycles. Maybe you've tried to break free from them on your own, but feel discouraged or don't know how to move forward. My goal is to help you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood. If you've encountered loss, gone through a traumatic experience, or been struggling with anxiety or depression, I am here to help you feel more restored and connected to those around you.
Life can be full of stressful and challenging times, leaving you feeling disconnected, hopeless, and broken. These feelings can lead to unhelpful thought patterns and feeling "stuck" in the same cycles. Maybe you've tried to break free from them on your own, but feel discouraged or don't know how to move forward. My goal is to help you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood. If you've encountered loss, gone through a traumatic experience, or been struggling with anxiety or depression, I am here to help you feel more restored and connected to those around you.
(615) 703-3701 View (615) 703-3701
Photo of Amanda Terry, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Terry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
I offer a safe, nonjudgmental space and an accepting, compassionate therapeutic relationship that will allow you to focus on overcoming your anxiety and past traumas so you can focus on being happy, having healthy relationships, and achieving your goals.
Have you been told "Just think happy thoughts." "It's just a phase." "Quit worrying so much." "It could be worse." "When I was your age..." "What you should do is..." "You should just pray about it." If all this "helpful" advice has not worked for you then maybe it's time to try counseling.
I offer a safe, nonjudgmental space and an accepting, compassionate therapeutic relationship that will allow you to focus on overcoming your anxiety and past traumas so you can focus on being happy, having healthy relationships, and achieving your goals.
Have you been told "Just think happy thoughts." "It's just a phase." "Quit worrying so much." "It could be worse." "When I was your age..." "What you should do is..." "You should just pray about it." If all this "helpful" advice has not worked for you then maybe it's time to try counseling.
(931) 286-7691 View (931) 286-7691
Photo of Nicole Noffsinger-Frazier, PhD, Psychologist
Nicole Noffsinger-Frazier
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sewanee, TN 37375
As a licensed psychologist, I am trained to treat a variety of presenting concerns such as anxiety and mood disorders, eating disorders, chronic health issues, and trauma.
I am a licensed psychologist providing both psychotherapy and testing services for children, adolescents, and adults. I provide comprehensive psychological and psychoeducational evaluations for ADHD, Autism, Learning Differences, and associated psychological concerns. Testing appointments are provided on weekends so you don't have to miss school or work, and I provide results from a strengths-based and therapeutic assessment framework, with the goal of empowering you to thrive and succeed after receiving diagnostic clarity. My goal is to make the testing process as engaging, illuminating, and empowering as possible!
As a licensed psychologist, I am trained to treat a variety of presenting concerns such as anxiety and mood disorders, eating disorders, chronic health issues, and trauma.
I am a licensed psychologist providing both psychotherapy and testing services for children, adolescents, and adults. I provide comprehensive psychological and psychoeducational evaluations for ADHD, Autism, Learning Differences, and associated psychological concerns. Testing appointments are provided on weekends so you don't have to miss school or work, and I provide results from a strengths-based and therapeutic assessment framework, with the goal of empowering you to thrive and succeed after receiving diagnostic clarity. My goal is to make the testing process as engaging, illuminating, and empowering as possible!
(931) 229-7102 View (931) 229-7102

See more therapy options for Pulaski

Anxiety Therapists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.