EMDR Therapists in Nolensville, TN

Photo of Katelyn Sager, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katelyn Sager
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
EMDR, I aim to create a space where you can gain a better understanding of your authentic self and heal from past hurts that have once felt debilitating.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by chronic stress, burnout, or trauma, particularly as a neurodivergent or highly sensitive individual, you’re not alone. I began my therapy career as an in-home intervention therapist, working with families affected by chronic stress and trauma. This experience highlighted how neurodivergent and highly-sensitive individuals often face additional challenges due to lack of support and accommodations. These unseen struggles can carry into adulthood, leaving you feeling burnt-out. Coping skills that once helped may no longer be effective, and the weight of daily life can feel overwhelming.
EMDR, I aim to create a space where you can gain a better understanding of your authentic self and heal from past hurts that have once felt debilitating.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by chronic stress, burnout, or trauma, particularly as a neurodivergent or highly sensitive individual, you’re not alone. I began my therapy career as an in-home intervention therapist, working with families affected by chronic stress and trauma. This experience highlighted how neurodivergent and highly-sensitive individuals often face additional challenges due to lack of support and accommodations. These unseen struggles can carry into adulthood, leaving you feeling burnt-out. Coping skills that once helped may no longer be effective, and the weight of daily life can feel overwhelming.
(629) 206-1694 View (629) 206-1694
Photo of Lee Moore, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lee Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate therapist who helps individuals manage worry, stress, and anxiety holistically. Understanding how these affect the mind and body, I build rapport and empathy to create a safe space. I listen attentively and collaborate with clients to uncover root causes, aiming to positively impact their lives. I practice client-centered therapy, tailoring my approach to each individual's needs and combining therapeutic modalities like EMDR, somatic exercises, and DBT. My eclectic approach uncovers effective coping skills for clients. Central to my methodology are somatic exercises such as movement, yoga/Qigong, nature walks, a
I am a compassionate therapist who helps individuals manage worry, stress, and anxiety holistically. Understanding how these affect the mind and body, I build rapport and empathy to create a safe space. I listen attentively and collaborate with clients to uncover root causes, aiming to positively impact their lives. I practice client-centered therapy, tailoring my approach to each individual's needs and combining therapeutic modalities like EMDR, somatic exercises, and DBT. My eclectic approach uncovers effective coping skills for clients. Central to my methodology are somatic exercises such as movement, yoga/Qigong, nature walks, a
(615) 283-0077 View (615) 283-0077
Photo of Kaye Bradley Williams, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kaye Bradley Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
I use EMDR as needed.
May I offer you a place to vent, process and renew? Maybe you are holding a tired head in your hands saying “what is happening with me?” My belief is that sharing your precious inner thoughts and emotions in a safe setting is a worthy effort. I can help to make sense of it alongside you. I work with those in recovery from narcissistic and traumatic abuse, those trying to change their "people pleasing" behaviors, and with those seeking growth and awareness during major life transitions. You may find that after the first session you feel great relief. In person/ Video sessions are available for anyone living in TN.
I use EMDR as needed.
May I offer you a place to vent, process and renew? Maybe you are holding a tired head in your hands saying “what is happening with me?” My belief is that sharing your precious inner thoughts and emotions in a safe setting is a worthy effort. I can help to make sense of it alongside you. I work with those in recovery from narcissistic and traumatic abuse, those trying to change their "people pleasing" behaviors, and with those seeking growth and awareness during major life transitions. You may find that after the first session you feel great relief. In person/ Video sessions are available for anyone living in TN.
(615) 208-5098 View (615) 208-5098
Photo of Christy Hughes - Christy Hughes: Certified EMDR Provider, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christy Hughes: Certified EMDR Provider
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
Waitlist for new clients
I've done thousands of individual counseling and EMDR sessions.
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you find it difficult to say "no" or set boundaries with others? Do you wonder if life should feel more manageable? More joyful? Maybe you can't quite put your finger on it, but you know something is "off". Today, more than ever before, people are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and uncertain about their life and relationships. Pushing away your emotional pain can lead to long-term issues for you mind and body. It doesn't have to be this way.
I've done thousands of individual counseling and EMDR sessions.
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you find it difficult to say "no" or set boundaries with others? Do you wonder if life should feel more manageable? More joyful? Maybe you can't quite put your finger on it, but you know something is "off". Today, more than ever before, people are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and uncertain about their life and relationships. Pushing away your emotional pain can lead to long-term issues for you mind and body. It doesn't have to be this way.
(629) 205-6646 View (629) 205-6646
Photo of Katie Anthony, LMFT, (temp), Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Katie Anthony
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT, (temp)
Verified Verified
Nolensville, TN 37135
I use a trauma-informed approach to therapy, using EMDR, CBT, experiential and attachment-based approaches, depending on your needs and goals.
Therapy is a place to slow down, explore who you are, get unstuck, and engage in the important work of improving your relationships with yourself and others. I am genuinely and deeply interested in you- what experiences have shaped you, how you view the world, yourself and those around you. You and I will explore what is working well for you and what isn't, and will work together to move you toward a life of greater peace, congruency, connection and authenticity. My goal as a therapist is to create a space where you feel safe and fully seen for who have been and who you are today, and who you can be in the future.
I use a trauma-informed approach to therapy, using EMDR, CBT, experiential and attachment-based approaches, depending on your needs and goals.
Therapy is a place to slow down, explore who you are, get unstuck, and engage in the important work of improving your relationships with yourself and others. I am genuinely and deeply interested in you- what experiences have shaped you, how you view the world, yourself and those around you. You and I will explore what is working well for you and what isn't, and will work together to move you toward a life of greater peace, congruency, connection and authenticity. My goal as a therapist is to create a space where you feel safe and fully seen for who have been and who you are today, and who you can be in the future.
(615) 882-4099 View (615) 882-4099
Photo of Kim Warner-Hudy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kim Warner-Hudy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
Maya Angelou once said, “We delight in the beauty of the butterfly, but rarely admit the changes it has gone through to achieve that beauty.” Changes, challenges and struggles are complex and take us out of our comfort zone. Too often we find it difficult to slow down, learn from and appreciate the journey of healing. My goal is for clients to help address those challenges, complexities and struggles whether it involves concerns with attachment, behavior regulation, family dynamics, infertility, parenting, racial identity or trauma as well as understand the meaning behind the behavior.
Maya Angelou once said, “We delight in the beauty of the butterfly, but rarely admit the changes it has gone through to achieve that beauty.” Changes, challenges and struggles are complex and take us out of our comfort zone. Too often we find it difficult to slow down, learn from and appreciate the journey of healing. My goal is for clients to help address those challenges, complexities and struggles whether it involves concerns with attachment, behavior regulation, family dynamics, infertility, parenting, racial identity or trauma as well as understand the meaning behind the behavior.
(615) 283-9801 View (615) 283-9801
Photo of Sandra Kay Fields - TheraTribe Online Counseling, LPC/MHS, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
TheraTribe Online Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
Personalized Attention for Your Mental Health Needs from the Convenience of Where Ever You May Be. ​ Perhaps you're feeling down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, we are here to offer support.
Personalized Attention for Your Mental Health Needs from the Convenience of Where Ever You May Be. ​ Perhaps you're feeling down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, we are here to offer support.
(629) 245-2944 View (629) 245-2944
Photo of Ashley Smart Fleming, LPCMHSP, CDWF, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Smart Fleming
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, CDWF, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
My client base is focused on the addict and those close to them who have been affected by the addict's behaviors. Clients entering the practice have found themselves caught in a destructive cycle of behaviors; often wishing they could stop, but find themselves continuing the behaviors. Then, there are those the addict has betrayed and hurt deeply through his or her behaviors. The affect of the behaviors have often left the loved ones traumatized and in need of support through the healing process.
My client base is focused on the addict and those close to them who have been affected by the addict's behaviors. Clients entering the practice have found themselves caught in a destructive cycle of behaviors; often wishing they could stop, but find themselves continuing the behaviors. Then, there are those the addict has betrayed and hurt deeply through his or her behaviors. The affect of the behaviors have often left the loved ones traumatized and in need of support through the healing process.
(615) 645-1394 View (615) 645-1394
Photo of Taryn Peterson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Taryn Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
My passion is helping hurting people. I consider it a true honor to walk alongside hurting people as they face relationship difficulties, life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction and other life challenges.
My passion is helping hurting people. I consider it a true honor to walk alongside hurting people as they face relationship difficulties, life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction and other life challenges.
(615) 567-5593 View (615) 567-5593
Photo of Anne Peyton Baker, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anne Peyton Baker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
I am thrilled to work with clients of any age and background, and I especially love getting to work with individuals who no longer want to live with their past defining their present. Let's work together to help you reach your goals and live the life you were created to live!
I am thrilled to work with clients of any age and background, and I especially love getting to work with individuals who no longer want to live with their past defining their present. Let's work together to help you reach your goals and live the life you were created to live!
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Photo of Lisa Masri, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Masri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
Feeling overwhelmed by anxiety? You're not alone, and help is within reach. I specialize in guiding individuals through the challenges of anxiety, helping you regain control and find peace. Using evidence-based techniques, we’ll work together to identify the root of your anxiety, build coping strategies, and foster resilience. My approach is supportive, non-judgmental, and tailored to your unique needs. Whether you're struggling with constant worry, panic, or stress, I’m here to help you navigate through it and toward a calmer, more balanced life. Let’s take the first step together.
Feeling overwhelmed by anxiety? You're not alone, and help is within reach. I specialize in guiding individuals through the challenges of anxiety, helping you regain control and find peace. Using evidence-based techniques, we’ll work together to identify the root of your anxiety, build coping strategies, and foster resilience. My approach is supportive, non-judgmental, and tailored to your unique needs. Whether you're struggling with constant worry, panic, or stress, I’m here to help you navigate through it and toward a calmer, more balanced life. Let’s take the first step together.
(615) 219-2538 View (615) 219-2538
Photo of Kristin Money, LPCMHSP, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristin Money
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
Are you going through something that others do not seem to understand? Does a loss seem to be affecting you far more than the "normal stages" of grief? Perhaps you find that you cannot get past certain images in your mind of a moment in your life. Time and time again you are not able to find relief. On top of that, others do not seem to understand why you are affected so deeply. You struggle to communicate the thoughts and feelings that consume you.
Are you going through something that others do not seem to understand? Does a loss seem to be affecting you far more than the "normal stages" of grief? Perhaps you find that you cannot get past certain images in your mind of a moment in your life. Time and time again you are not able to find relief. On top of that, others do not seem to understand why you are affected so deeply. You struggle to communicate the thoughts and feelings that consume you.
(931) 488-8140 View (931) 488-8140
Photo of Pam Monjar Grief Therapist, MA,  LPC, MHSP, NCC, CGCS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pam Monjar Grief Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC, CGCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
As a therapist specializing in grief and a grief educator, I have learned grief is a story of the heart, it changes us. Grief can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, lonely, vulnerable, and scared. I provide grief counseling and hold hope to those who have experienced: a death-related loss, divorce, lost childhood due to dysfunction in the family system, and any significant life-changing event that causes pain. Sharing your grief story is the first step on the journey to healing the pain of loss.
As a therapist specializing in grief and a grief educator, I have learned grief is a story of the heart, it changes us. Grief can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, lonely, vulnerable, and scared. I provide grief counseling and hold hope to those who have experienced: a death-related loss, divorce, lost childhood due to dysfunction in the family system, and any significant life-changing event that causes pain. Sharing your grief story is the first step on the journey to healing the pain of loss.
(615) 502-1306 View (615) 502-1306
Photo of Timothy L Hook, LCSW, CSAT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Timothy L Hook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT
Verified Verified
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I understand how life can become unmanageable and you are not able to live your best life. I have experienced and treated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nightmares, unwanted memories, avoidance of situations that bring back memories, heightened reactions, anxiety, depressed mood, agitation, irritability, hostility, hypervigilance, self-destructive behavior, social isolation, flashbacks, fear, severe anxiety, mistrust, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, guilt, loneliness, sleep disturbances, and emotional detachment.
I understand how life can become unmanageable and you are not able to live your best life. I have experienced and treated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nightmares, unwanted memories, avoidance of situations that bring back memories, heightened reactions, anxiety, depressed mood, agitation, irritability, hostility, hypervigilance, self-destructive behavior, social isolation, flashbacks, fear, severe anxiety, mistrust, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, guilt, loneliness, sleep disturbances, and emotional detachment.
(615) 285-5627 View (615) 285-5627
Photo of Allison Hunnicutt, LMFT, CCTP, CSAT-S, CMAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allison Hunnicutt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP, CSAT-S, CMAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
In my personal and professional life, I have found one thing to be true: Life can be hard. I have a passion for supporting others in resolving pain and reclaiming fullness in life. While pain is an inevitable part of the human experience, suffering is optional. I am dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families heal from relational and other traumas, problematic sexual behaviors, addictions, and intimacy disorders. I see brokenhearted adults and children as they learn to cope with an unstable world. My heart is to heal the broken hearted and give hope where hope was once lost.
In my personal and professional life, I have found one thing to be true: Life can be hard. I have a passion for supporting others in resolving pain and reclaiming fullness in life. While pain is an inevitable part of the human experience, suffering is optional. I am dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families heal from relational and other traumas, problematic sexual behaviors, addictions, and intimacy disorders. I see brokenhearted adults and children as they learn to cope with an unstable world. My heart is to heal the broken hearted and give hope where hope was once lost.
(615) 395-2912 View (615) 395-2912
Photo of Jeff Devine, EdS, LPC, MHSP-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jeff Devine
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, MHSP-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck? You're not alone. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with over a 25 years of experience, I'm here to guide you toward healing and growth. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health. We'll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors together. Whether you're dealing with relationship challenges, trauma, or life transitions, I'll work together with you to tailor evidence-based techniques to your unique needs.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck? You're not alone. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with over a 25 years of experience, I'm here to guide you toward healing and growth. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health. We'll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors together. Whether you're dealing with relationship challenges, trauma, or life transitions, I'll work together with you to tailor evidence-based techniques to your unique needs.
(629) 284-2589 View (629) 284-2589
Photo of Alesha Martin, LCSW, CSAT-C, ERPSCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alesha Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT-C, ERPSCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nolensville, TN 37135  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
NOT able to accept new clients at this time. As humans, we are designed to endure a great amount of stress and pain. However, if the stress and pain are not balanced with relief, then we begin to deteriorate in different areas of our life. In the fast paced world we live in today it is difficult to slow down long enough to seek this balance. We may begin to seek relief with short term solutions (ie alcohol, anger, sex, shopping, unhealthy relationships) that often come with destructive side effects. My goal is to assist people in bringing more balance to their lives.
NOT able to accept new clients at this time. As humans, we are designed to endure a great amount of stress and pain. However, if the stress and pain are not balanced with relief, then we begin to deteriorate in different areas of our life. In the fast paced world we live in today it is difficult to slow down long enough to seek this balance. We may begin to seek relief with short term solutions (ie alcohol, anger, sex, shopping, unhealthy relationships) that often come with destructive side effects. My goal is to assist people in bringing more balance to their lives.
(615) 813-4662 View (615) 813-4662

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Christine Wolf, MMFT, MedFT, CKAP
Christine Wolf
MMFT, MedFT, CKAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
I’m trauma-informed, EMDR trained, and KAP certified.
As a Temp-Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist I meet people where they are, find their own intention for therapy, & guide them through their interpersonal relationships, thoughts, and feelings. I work from an evidence-based Collaborative/Narrative Strength Based Approach to understand the patient’s perspective and help empower them to understand their mental health through neurophysiological psychoeducation, assessments, and build coping skills for everyday life stressors. I see patients with chronic illness, depression, anxiety, Trauma (PTSD, Complex), relationship distress/conflict. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
I’m trauma-informed, EMDR trained, and KAP certified.
As a Temp-Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist I meet people where they are, find their own intention for therapy, & guide them through their interpersonal relationships, thoughts, and feelings. I work from an evidence-based Collaborative/Narrative Strength Based Approach to understand the patient’s perspective and help empower them to understand their mental health through neurophysiological psychoeducation, assessments, and build coping skills for everyday life stressors. I see patients with chronic illness, depression, anxiety, Trauma (PTSD, Complex), relationship distress/conflict. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(615) 845-5951 View (615) 845-5951
Photo of Megan Richardson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Megan Richardson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
I have training in the Internal Family Systems approach to therapy, I am EMDR trained (trauma therapy), and I practice an experiential approach to therapy with couples, families, and individuals.
My hope is to meet with clients of all ages who find themselves scrambling for health and wholeness and whatever that means to them. I believe there is immense power in feeling safe and known and that our wounds and victories both impact our thought processes, relationships, emotions, and behaviors. In life transitions, relational difficulties, and personal struggles, I aim to be an agent of hope and compassion that moves clients towards greater awareness and confidence, and away from self-defeating processes of shame and feelings of unworthiness. As a result, the health of body, mind, soul, and relationships improves.
I have training in the Internal Family Systems approach to therapy, I am EMDR trained (trauma therapy), and I practice an experiential approach to therapy with couples, families, and individuals.
My hope is to meet with clients of all ages who find themselves scrambling for health and wholeness and whatever that means to them. I believe there is immense power in feeling safe and known and that our wounds and victories both impact our thought processes, relationships, emotions, and behaviors. In life transitions, relational difficulties, and personal struggles, I aim to be an agent of hope and compassion that moves clients towards greater awareness and confidence, and away from self-defeating processes of shame and feelings of unworthiness. As a result, the health of body, mind, soul, and relationships improves.
(615) 436-5830 View (615) 436-5830
Photo of Jamshid Khoshnoodi, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamshid Khoshnoodi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brentwood, TN 37027
I combine a variety of therapy modalities, including EMDR, Gestalt and Schema therapy, Internal Family Systems, Narrative therapy, and Psychodrama, to help individuals resolve their mental health conflicts and overcome their maladaptive thinking and unhealthy coping behaviors.
Unresolved childhood trauma, neglect, and attachment disorders can turn into long-lasting mental health challenges well into adulthood. Without proper treatment and support, childhood adversities can lead to feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, helplessness, mood and personality disorders, relationship issues, and a range of other maladaptive and compulsive addictive behaviors in adulthood. Addressing childhood adversities through effective therapies can empower individuals to overcome their mental health challenges and have a chance of living a healthier and more fulfilling life.
I combine a variety of therapy modalities, including EMDR, Gestalt and Schema therapy, Internal Family Systems, Narrative therapy, and Psychodrama, to help individuals resolve their mental health conflicts and overcome their maladaptive thinking and unhealthy coping behaviors.
Unresolved childhood trauma, neglect, and attachment disorders can turn into long-lasting mental health challenges well into adulthood. Without proper treatment and support, childhood adversities can lead to feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, helplessness, mood and personality disorders, relationship issues, and a range of other maladaptive and compulsive addictive behaviors in adulthood. Addressing childhood adversities through effective therapies can empower individuals to overcome their mental health challenges and have a chance of living a healthier and more fulfilling life.
(615) 553-7041 View (615) 553-7041

EMDR Therapists

Who is EMDR for?

EMDR was initially developed as a treatment for individuals with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for whom memories of a deeply distressing experience can be inadvertently triggered by random everyday events. The procedure has since been applied in the treatment of many other conditions. For example, it is used by some therapists to treat anxiety disorders including panic and phobias, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and some personality disorders. It is suitable for adolescents and adults.

Why do people need EMDR?

People need EMDR as a way to manage distressing memories that in some way hamper the ability to function in the present. The procedure is believed to target the way memories are stored in the brain. Evidence indicates that past disturbing experiences cause ongoing distress because they were not adequately processed, and when such memories are triggered in the present, they are accompanied by all the emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations as the initial experience.

What problems does EMDR treat?

First and foremost, EMDR is intended as a treatment for PTSD, to defuse distressing memories that intrude on and impair everyday functioning. It is also often used to help those who are subject to panic attacks, phobias, and other forms of anxiety. In addition, EMDR has been used to treat individuals with depression, eating disorders, and personality disorders.

What happens in EMDR therapy?

First the therapist takes an individual’s history, and then the therapist and client decide which distressing experience(s) will be the target(s) of the exercise, delivered via a side-to-side visual stimulus requiring lateral eye movements. The client will be asked to activate thoughts, feelings, and any body sensations related to the troubling experience. The eye movements are said to reduce the emotional charge of the memory, so that the experience can then be safely discussed with the therapist and digested, minimizing its ability to trigger anxiety.