Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in Nashville, TN

Photo of Matthew Andrews, MSSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matthew Andrews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, trauma and grief issues, and have extensive experience in treating addictions.
Do you ever feel like life can be overwhelming? Has depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or other problems taken control of you life? As a therapist, I believe that everyone has the capacity to heal . Sometimes it just takes a little guidance to help you get better. I have been in this field since 2013 and have been honored to help clients achieve their goals, grow as human beings, and become happier and healthier.
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, trauma and grief issues, and have extensive experience in treating addictions.
Do you ever feel like life can be overwhelming? Has depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or other problems taken control of you life? As a therapist, I believe that everyone has the capacity to heal . Sometimes it just takes a little guidance to help you get better. I have been in this field since 2013 and have been honored to help clients achieve their goals, grow as human beings, and become happier and healthier.
(629) 201-7128 View (629) 201-7128
Photo of Cindy Slover, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cindy Slover
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214
I am trained in several therapeutic modalities with a focus on cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, and motivational interviewing.
Making the choice to see a therapist is the first and often the scariest step on the journey to emotional wellness. It is also a rewarding one because eventually it can lead you to your goal of a more balanced and fulfilling life. I would like to help you achieve your goals by offering a safe, supportive and confidential environment where you can develop these tools and techniques to navigate your life’s most difficult times.
I am trained in several therapeutic modalities with a focus on cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, and motivational interviewing.
Making the choice to see a therapist is the first and often the scariest step on the journey to emotional wellness. It is also a rewarding one because eventually it can lead you to your goal of a more balanced and fulfilling life. I would like to help you achieve your goals by offering a safe, supportive and confidential environment where you can develop these tools and techniques to navigate your life’s most difficult times.
(615) 813-2558 View (615) 813-2558
Photo of Amanda Marshall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Marshall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
I use a variety of approaches including mindfulness, CBT, play therapy, ARC, TBRI, narrative, and expressive and art interventions.
I specialize in trauma, attachment losses such as foster care and adoption, and working with children and preteens. I also enjoy working with people of all ages to address anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-image, and family changes.
I use a variety of approaches including mindfulness, CBT, play therapy, ARC, TBRI, narrative, and expressive and art interventions.
I specialize in trauma, attachment losses such as foster care and adoption, and working with children and preteens. I also enjoy working with people of all ages to address anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-image, and family changes.
(629) 276-6100 View (629) 276-6100
Photo of Grace Tierney, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Grace Tierney
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37211
Through the blended counseling approach of Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavioral, and Family Systems, I aim to enable you to reclaim your life and build healthy connections within yourself, and the world around you.
I focus on guiding adolescents and young adults as they navigate the complexities of adult life, especially those facing anxiety, trauma, OCD, and difficulties in relationships. The challenges of life transitions, relationship changes, and the weight of expectations are common experiences. You’re not alone in facing these, and I am here to create a space of openness and safety for you.
Through the blended counseling approach of Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavioral, and Family Systems, I aim to enable you to reclaim your life and build healthy connections within yourself, and the world around you.
I focus on guiding adolescents and young adults as they navigate the complexities of adult life, especially those facing anxiety, trauma, OCD, and difficulties in relationships. The challenges of life transitions, relationship changes, and the weight of expectations are common experiences. You’re not alone in facing these, and I am here to create a space of openness and safety for you.
(629) 306-9424 View (629) 306-9424
Photo of Alyssa Walden Durdunji, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alyssa Walden Durdunji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212  (Online Only)
Through a collaborative process, integrating cognitive-behavioral, emotionally-focused, attachment-based, and trauma interventions, my clients and I work to find insight and develop skills that lead to healing.
I am passionate about seeing lives and relationships restored. I recognize the courage it takes to come to therapy and believe that transformation happens in the context of relationships when people feel heard and understood. My hope is to invite clients into a safe space where we have the opportunity to honestly confront painful and uncomfortable issues.
Through a collaborative process, integrating cognitive-behavioral, emotionally-focused, attachment-based, and trauma interventions, my clients and I work to find insight and develop skills that lead to healing.
I am passionate about seeing lives and relationships restored. I recognize the courage it takes to come to therapy and believe that transformation happens in the context of relationships when people feel heard and understood. My hope is to invite clients into a safe space where we have the opportunity to honestly confront painful and uncomfortable issues.
(615) 455-2540 View (615) 455-2540
Photo of Caroline Cubillo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Cubillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
I use an integrated approach that blends evidence-based modalities including EMDR, Internal Family Systems, Theraplay, Play therapy, TF-CBT, Circle of Security and specialized trauma informed yoga training in order to individualize therapy to each client based on their wants and needs.
As a therapist, I believe deeply in the power of relationship. My goal is to create a safe therapeutic relationship from which my clients can find healing and growth. I am a licensed clinical social worker in Nashville, TN working from a relational, client-centered lens, with a background in trauma and attachment. I provide services for children, adolescents, young adults and families with a wide variety of presenting issues including trauma, loss, family conflict, adoption, depression, anxiety and difficulties with emotional regulation.
I use an integrated approach that blends evidence-based modalities including EMDR, Internal Family Systems, Theraplay, Play therapy, TF-CBT, Circle of Security and specialized trauma informed yoga training in order to individualize therapy to each client based on their wants and needs.
As a therapist, I believe deeply in the power of relationship. My goal is to create a safe therapeutic relationship from which my clients can find healing and growth. I am a licensed clinical social worker in Nashville, TN working from a relational, client-centered lens, with a background in trauma and attachment. I provide services for children, adolescents, young adults and families with a wide variety of presenting issues including trauma, loss, family conflict, adoption, depression, anxiety and difficulties with emotional regulation.
(615) 908-5144 View (615) 908-5144
Photo of Harmony Claire Mahler, LPC Intern
Harmony Claire Mahler
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
I am trained in Emotional Focused Therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy and trauma focused cognitive therapy.
Life hits hard sometimes. Whether it is due to loss, painful memories, tragedy or everyday stressors, sometimes life leaves us maxed out. Our overwhelmed systems may cope by going into overdrive with anxiety or by shutting down into depression. Regardless of the particulars, when life knocks us down, sometimes we need support to get back up.
I am trained in Emotional Focused Therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy and trauma focused cognitive therapy.
Life hits hard sometimes. Whether it is due to loss, painful memories, tragedy or everyday stressors, sometimes life leaves us maxed out. Our overwhelmed systems may cope by going into overdrive with anxiety or by shutting down into depression. Regardless of the particulars, when life knocks us down, sometimes we need support to get back up.
(615) 241-6130 View (615) 241-6130
Photo of Amiee Michele Sadler, MSW, CNP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amiee Michele Sadler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, CNP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37207
Through skills of motivational interviewing, CBT, DBT, and ACT, we will work together to decide the best path forward and how you define success.
“I dream of never being called resilient again”. Though resilience is a cornerstone of social work practice, my dream is of a life that doesn’t require it as a prerequisite of Black personhood, but here we are. Sometime’s, “life be lifing” and that’s okay! My goal is to help you navigate those moments. Behavior is a form for communication and my goal is to help you tell your story in a way that is authentic and impactful. Things can be hard and sometimes, overwhelming. Let me help you navigate those challenges in a way that empowers you to have confidence in your decision making and build trust in your abilities.
Through skills of motivational interviewing, CBT, DBT, and ACT, we will work together to decide the best path forward and how you define success.
“I dream of never being called resilient again”. Though resilience is a cornerstone of social work practice, my dream is of a life that doesn’t require it as a prerequisite of Black personhood, but here we are. Sometime’s, “life be lifing” and that’s okay! My goal is to help you navigate those moments. Behavior is a form for communication and my goal is to help you tell your story in a way that is authentic and impactful. Things can be hard and sometimes, overwhelming. Let me help you navigate those challenges in a way that empowers you to have confidence in your decision making and build trust in your abilities.
(629) 306-9741 View (629) 306-9741
Photo of Sarah K Wieck, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah K Wieck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Some methods utilized include Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
My overall objective is to provide a safe, supportive environment for clients where they can gain insight and when needed create change to move towards living a more authentic life. I work with clients on a wide range of issues including but not limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, grief and loss and life transitions. I have experience working with adolescents and their families, individuals managing a diagnosis of a mood disorder or anxiety disorder, domestic violence survivors, seniors and their adult children and postpartum women.
Some methods utilized include Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
My overall objective is to provide a safe, supportive environment for clients where they can gain insight and when needed create change to move towards living a more authentic life. I work with clients on a wide range of issues including but not limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, grief and loss and life transitions. I have experience working with adolescents and their families, individuals managing a diagnosis of a mood disorder or anxiety disorder, domestic violence survivors, seniors and their adult children and postpartum women.
(615) 281-5023 View (615) 281-5023
Photo of Juliana Vokes, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Juliana Vokes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
I offer a range of psychotherapy approaches including CBT, DBT, and interpersonal psychotherapy, and more.
Self-discovery is an intentional process which helps us create a balanced approach to change and acceptance. I offer a safe and creative space for teens and adults within the LGBTQIA+ community to explore identity, life changes, and relationships.
I offer a range of psychotherapy approaches including CBT, DBT, and interpersonal psychotherapy, and more.
Self-discovery is an intentional process which helps us create a balanced approach to change and acceptance. I offer a safe and creative space for teens and adults within the LGBTQIA+ community to explore identity, life changes, and relationships.
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Photo of Claire Mosteller, Pre-Licensed Professional
Claire Mosteller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
In my sessions, I include elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and and Exposure and Response Therapy.
Helping others is my nature and making a difference in someone’s life is my passion. I believe the best way to do that is to provide people the skills to help themselves grow through self-acceptance and personal development. I work with clients who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, and life transitions. I am particularly interested in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I believe, “Authenticity is the daily practice of letting go of who we think we’re supposed to be and embracing who we are.” - Brené Brown
In my sessions, I include elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and and Exposure and Response Therapy.
Helping others is my nature and making a difference in someone’s life is my passion. I believe the best way to do that is to provide people the skills to help themselves grow through self-acceptance and personal development. I work with clients who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, and life transitions. I am particularly interested in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I believe, “Authenticity is the daily practice of letting go of who we think we’re supposed to be and embracing who we are.” - Brené Brown
(615) 258-6978 View (615) 258-6978
Photo of Lauren S Kelley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren S Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I also incorporate skills-focused therapies such as CBT, DBT, ACT and mindfulness practices to provide clients with skills to manage day-to-day stress.
“If I had an hour to solve a problem, I’d spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes thinking about the solutions." -- Albert Einstein. I also believe that the quality of the solution you generate is in direct proportion to your ability to identify the problem you hope to solve. My goal in therapy is to provide you with a safe space to tell your story, to sort through it, examine it and make peace with it. In this process, my hope is that you will be able to clarify your strengths, values and goals and identify practical solutions to overcoming barriers to living a full and meaning-centered life.
I also incorporate skills-focused therapies such as CBT, DBT, ACT and mindfulness practices to provide clients with skills to manage day-to-day stress.
“If I had an hour to solve a problem, I’d spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes thinking about the solutions." -- Albert Einstein. I also believe that the quality of the solution you generate is in direct proportion to your ability to identify the problem you hope to solve. My goal in therapy is to provide you with a safe space to tell your story, to sort through it, examine it and make peace with it. In this process, my hope is that you will be able to clarify your strengths, values and goals and identify practical solutions to overcoming barriers to living a full and meaning-centered life.
(615) 697-4556 View (615) 697-4556
Photo of Ruth Bryant, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ruth Bryant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
I practice from an attachment-based psychodynamic perspective which gets interested in both your past and present, and I also use some cognitive behavioral interventions.
As a therapist, I approach our work together with warmth and curiosity. I seek to nurture a holding space that feels safe to address whatever unique concerns you bring, starting with your present concerns and also facilitating interest in your deeper self. I believe each of us has the courage to successfully navigate the change that we seek, and I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you in that endeavor.  I enjoy working with adults dealing with life transitions, grief and loss, family of origin concerns, relationship issues, trauma, and anxiety among other concerns.
I practice from an attachment-based psychodynamic perspective which gets interested in both your past and present, and I also use some cognitive behavioral interventions.
As a therapist, I approach our work together with warmth and curiosity. I seek to nurture a holding space that feels safe to address whatever unique concerns you bring, starting with your present concerns and also facilitating interest in your deeper self. I believe each of us has the courage to successfully navigate the change that we seek, and I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you in that endeavor.  I enjoy working with adults dealing with life transitions, grief and loss, family of origin concerns, relationship issues, trauma, and anxiety among other concerns.
(615) 975-2438 View (615) 975-2438
Photo of Hannah Schonewill, LMSW
Hannah Schonewill
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204
I focus on holistic wellness, incorporating techniques such as mindfulness and CBT.
Hi, I'm Hannah! I consider it an honor to offer compassion and support to individuals experiencing transition or hardship. When working with me, you can expect to be welcomed into a non-judgmental and empathetic space. Building a relationship of trust is my first priority so that you can feel the freedom to be transparent as you take steps toward understanding and healing. I am committed to safely processing your past while creating a toolbox of coping skills that you can pull from for years to come.
I focus on holistic wellness, incorporating techniques such as mindfulness and CBT.
Hi, I'm Hannah! I consider it an honor to offer compassion and support to individuals experiencing transition or hardship. When working with me, you can expect to be welcomed into a non-judgmental and empathetic space. Building a relationship of trust is my first priority so that you can feel the freedom to be transparent as you take steps toward understanding and healing. I am committed to safely processing your past while creating a toolbox of coping skills that you can pull from for years to come.
(629) 299-2428 View (629) 299-2428
Photo of Marjorie Rice, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marjorie Rice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209  (Online Only)
I enjoy being creative in the modalities I employ including, but not limited to: CBT, TF-CBT, Mindfulness, Family Systems, and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Hello, my name is Marjorie Rice. Are you looking for a dedicated therapist with a background working with individuals of all ages? Then I may be the right fit for your needs. I've been a social worker in Nashville, TN for seven years and am the mother of two adult children. My practice is open, diverse, and focused on meeting my clients where they are.
I enjoy being creative in the modalities I employ including, but not limited to: CBT, TF-CBT, Mindfulness, Family Systems, and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Hello, my name is Marjorie Rice. Are you looking for a dedicated therapist with a background working with individuals of all ages? Then I may be the right fit for your needs. I've been a social worker in Nashville, TN for seven years and am the mother of two adult children. My practice is open, diverse, and focused on meeting my clients where they are.
(615) 709-6154 View (615) 709-6154
Photo of Shelby Measel, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shelby Measel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience as the therapist, client and student. I do hold focus in CBT using ACT and Solution Focused techniques, however I am not stuck on this path only. I would be honored to implement any modalities with my clients as I firmly believe our time together should be a collaboration.
I have extensive experience as the therapist, client and student. I do hold focus in CBT using ACT and Solution Focused techniques, however I am not stuck on this path only. I would be honored to implement any modalities with my clients as I firmly believe our time together should be a collaboration.
(615) 903-0772 View (615) 903-0772
Photo of Brian T Murphy, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brian T Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
I am certified in EMDR and Trauma-Sensitive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), both of which I frequently use to help clients process and heal from trauma.
I am passionate about offering the best therapy experience possible by meeting clients where they are and drawing from a variety of approaches depending on the unique needs of each individual. I work with clients facing a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, spirituality concerns, gender issues, LGBTQIA concerns, chronic pain, relationship challenges, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), sexual abuse (adult), grief and mourning, professional burnout, attachment disorders, addiction and anger management.
I am certified in EMDR and Trauma-Sensitive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), both of which I frequently use to help clients process and heal from trauma.
I am passionate about offering the best therapy experience possible by meeting clients where they are and drawing from a variety of approaches depending on the unique needs of each individual. I work with clients facing a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, spirituality concerns, gender issues, LGBTQIA concerns, chronic pain, relationship challenges, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), sexual abuse (adult), grief and mourning, professional burnout, attachment disorders, addiction and anger management.
(615) 903-0451 View (615) 903-0451
Photo of Jonathan Ailsworth, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Ailsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215  (Online Only)
Utilize a holistic approach; CBT, DBT, Motivation Interviewing, etc.
Keep a little fire burning; however small, however, hidden. ―Cormac McCarthy. Hey there, yes, you reading this; thanks for keeping that flame burning; now, let's help that flame become a roaring fire. My name is Jonathan Ailsworth, and I want to help you navigate this path and help you achieve your dreams and goals.
Utilize a holistic approach; CBT, DBT, Motivation Interviewing, etc.
Keep a little fire burning; however small, however, hidden. ―Cormac McCarthy. Hey there, yes, you reading this; thanks for keeping that flame burning; now, let's help that flame become a roaring fire. My name is Jonathan Ailsworth, and I want to help you navigate this path and help you achieve your dreams and goals.
(615) 437-4509 View (615) 437-4509
Photo of Maggie Johnson, LPCMHSP, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maggie Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, RPT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Waitlist for new clients
I am also trained in Brainspotting, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and in Mindfulness.
I strive to provide you with a safe and nonjudgmental, empathetic space in order to support you through life's most challenging seasons. I believe in an egalitarian therapeutic relationship and that, with the right support and tools provided, you have the answers within you to facilitate positive changes in your life. Whether you or your child are seeking help for anxiety, to improve self esteem, process past trauma, or to navigate school or work issues, I would be honored to walk alongside you.
I am also trained in Brainspotting, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and in Mindfulness.
I strive to provide you with a safe and nonjudgmental, empathetic space in order to support you through life's most challenging seasons. I believe in an egalitarian therapeutic relationship and that, with the right support and tools provided, you have the answers within you to facilitate positive changes in your life. Whether you or your child are seeking help for anxiety, to improve self esteem, process past trauma, or to navigate school or work issues, I would be honored to walk alongside you.
(615) 640-1057 View (615) 640-1057
Photo of J Lauren Webb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
J Lauren Webb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Lauren is trained in a variety of evidence-based treatment methods including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, with advanced training in Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Perinatal Mental Health.
Lauren specializes in working with adults who are striving to adjust to/ cope with multiple stressors, uncertainty, change, and issues related to perfectionism, as well as adults who have been diagnosed with/ think they could benefit from assessment for and treatment of Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and/ or certain Personality Disorders.
Lauren is trained in a variety of evidence-based treatment methods including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, with advanced training in Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Perinatal Mental Health.
Lauren specializes in working with adults who are striving to adjust to/ cope with multiple stressors, uncertainty, change, and issues related to perfectionism, as well as adults who have been diagnosed with/ think they could benefit from assessment for and treatment of Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and/ or certain Personality Disorders.
(615) 392-4923 View (615) 392-4923
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Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.