Depression Therapists in Memphis, TN

Photo of Lauren Hudson, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Hudson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38125
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS! Tired of life catching you off guard? Need help unlocking the tools to be the greatest version of yourself? Let me help and guide you to a fulfilling and engaging life. I am with Anchored in Healing Counseling & Coaching. The past 7 years, I have worked with a variety of clients that struggle with depression, conflict management and anxiety. I have worked closely with families and assisted with behavior modification and problem solving. I want to help those suffering in silence find their voice. I can assist with identifying key areas of struggle and ways to manage those issues.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS! Tired of life catching you off guard? Need help unlocking the tools to be the greatest version of yourself? Let me help and guide you to a fulfilling and engaging life. I am with Anchored in Healing Counseling & Coaching. The past 7 years, I have worked with a variety of clients that struggle with depression, conflict management and anxiety. I have worked closely with families and assisted with behavior modification and problem solving. I want to help those suffering in silence find their voice. I can assist with identifying key areas of struggle and ways to manage those issues.
(901) 617-7289 View (901) 617-7289
Photo of Ari Lowell, PhD, Psychologist
Ari Lowell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Depression, anxiety, anger: sometimes our feelings can be confusing and overwhelming. Struggles at home and work increase when we're not sure how we feel or what to do with our feelings. Our relationships suffer, we don't feel happy and content, and we may wonder if there will ever be improvement. These feelings are often more intense for people who have experienced significant trauma or loss. Figuring out how to seek help and talk about these issues can be difficult. It's hard to know who to turn to, who to trust, and allow ourselves to imagine positive change. Sometimes it's hard to hope.
Depression, anxiety, anger: sometimes our feelings can be confusing and overwhelming. Struggles at home and work increase when we're not sure how we feel or what to do with our feelings. Our relationships suffer, we don't feel happy and content, and we may wonder if there will ever be improvement. These feelings are often more intense for people who have experienced significant trauma or loss. Figuring out how to seek help and talk about these issues can be difficult. It's hard to know who to turn to, who to trust, and allow ourselves to imagine positive change. Sometimes it's hard to hope.
(901) 519-2260 View (901) 519-2260
Photo of Allison Rieman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allison Rieman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
My greatest clinical strengths lie in working with adolescents, young adults, anxiety and OCD, and depression.
Therapy is a place to seek out growth, understanding, and compassion toward yourself and others. And since everyone has a unique story, impacted by people and experiences both past and present, it is crucial that therapy is personalized. Whether you're working toward self-exploration, acceptance, change, or all of the above, we can find a path together. I will collaborate with you in assessing concerns and working toward growth, while providing support throughout your journey.
My greatest clinical strengths lie in working with adolescents, young adults, anxiety and OCD, and depression.
Therapy is a place to seek out growth, understanding, and compassion toward yourself and others. And since everyone has a unique story, impacted by people and experiences both past and present, it is crucial that therapy is personalized. Whether you're working toward self-exploration, acceptance, change, or all of the above, we can find a path together. I will collaborate with you in assessing concerns and working toward growth, while providing support throughout your journey.
(901) 699-4015 View (901) 699-4015
Photo of Sarah Lebovitz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Lebovitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104
I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder using different approaches, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, family systems and EMDR. I have a special interest in working with clients with body image and disordered eating issues. I am specially trained in play therapy and work with children as young as 4 years old. I have 20+ years of experience in working with clients who have traumatic life experiences, including sexual assault and other types of violence.
I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder using different approaches, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, family systems and EMDR. I have a special interest in working with clients with body image and disordered eating issues. I am specially trained in play therapy and work with children as young as 4 years old. I have 20+ years of experience in working with clients who have traumatic life experiences, including sexual assault and other types of violence.
(901) 300-4142 View (901) 300-4142
Photo of Judiann McNiff Jones, PhD, Psychologist
Judiann McNiff Jones
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I am certified in specialized treatments for sleep, sleep related disorders, trauma, and depression.
Take this in - you are having trouble sleeping, the stress is piling on, you are struggling to find your sense of purpose, all while waiting for the next curve ball to come your way. Rather than taking an aimless approach, why don't you take the first step and discover your own meaning and consider tackling a specific difficulty or taking one step at a time.
I am certified in specialized treatments for sleep, sleep related disorders, trauma, and depression.
Take this in - you are having trouble sleeping, the stress is piling on, you are struggling to find your sense of purpose, all while waiting for the next curve ball to come your way. Rather than taking an aimless approach, why don't you take the first step and discover your own meaning and consider tackling a specific difficulty or taking one step at a time.
(901) 657-1254 View (901) 657-1254
Photo of Genevieve Thomas, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Genevieve Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
I work in private practice where I offer teletherapy treatment for symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral concerns, life transitions, conflict, and anger management.
Do you need help in areas of your life? Are you unsure of what your next steps are? Did trauma affect you so bad you don't know where to turn? Did LIFE happen and make you rethink everything? I am here to help...
I work in private practice where I offer teletherapy treatment for symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral concerns, life transitions, conflict, and anger management.
Do you need help in areas of your life? Are you unsure of what your next steps are? Did trauma affect you so bad you don't know where to turn? Did LIFE happen and make you rethink everything? I am here to help...
(901) 245-5845 View (901) 245-5845
Photo of Valerie Shaw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Valerie Shaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
I strive to create a caring and non-judgmental environment for all clients. I look forward to assisting people of any cultural background, belief system, gender or sexual orientation. My therapeutic approach is strength-based and mindfulness-centered. I utilize various, evidenced-based models that best fit the preferences and personal goals of the person seeking treatment. I primarily work with adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, childhood issues and chronic stress. Initial emails and calls will go directly to the Intake Coordinator who will set your first appointment with me.
I strive to create a caring and non-judgmental environment for all clients. I look forward to assisting people of any cultural background, belief system, gender or sexual orientation. My therapeutic approach is strength-based and mindfulness-centered. I utilize various, evidenced-based models that best fit the preferences and personal goals of the person seeking treatment. I primarily work with adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, childhood issues and chronic stress. Initial emails and calls will go directly to the Intake Coordinator who will set your first appointment with me.
(901) 531-9069 View (901) 531-9069
Photo of Elizabeth Drain, MS, LPC, MHSP, CEAP, SAP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Drain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, CEAP, SAP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
I’ve had the pleasure of helping individuals navigate challenges with depression, anxiety, stress, grief/loss, life adjustment, work/life balance, family/ marital/relationship issues.
Struggling with anxiety can cause you to feel stuck. Are you finding it hard to relax your mind and turn off racing thoughts? Are you struggling to focus and balance work/life? Do you think your relationship is falling apart and you don’t know what to do? Are you noticing life is difficult to cope with due to lack of self-love and confidence? Are you stressed and struggling to get out of bed on a daily basis. If you are experiencing signs of defeat, shame, sadness, and frustration we can help! You have taken the first and most important step by reaching out for help. You don’t have to do it alone, we’re here to help!
I’ve had the pleasure of helping individuals navigate challenges with depression, anxiety, stress, grief/loss, life adjustment, work/life balance, family/ marital/relationship issues.
Struggling with anxiety can cause you to feel stuck. Are you finding it hard to relax your mind and turn off racing thoughts? Are you struggling to focus and balance work/life? Do you think your relationship is falling apart and you don’t know what to do? Are you noticing life is difficult to cope with due to lack of self-love and confidence? Are you stressed and struggling to get out of bed on a daily basis. If you are experiencing signs of defeat, shame, sadness, and frustration we can help! You have taken the first and most important step by reaching out for help. You don’t have to do it alone, we’re here to help!
(901) 668-7146 View (901) 668-7146
Photo of Porshure Green Richardson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Porshure Green Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38174  (Online Only)
The client issues that I work with include sleep and appetite problems, low self esteem, depression, anxiety, and life transitions.
The client issues that I work with include sleep and appetite problems, low self esteem, depression, anxiety, and life transitions.
(901) 621-3787 View (901) 621-3787
Photo of Rashelle Reynolds - Truth Reveal Recover Health and Wellness, LLC, AMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Truth Reveal Recover Health and Wellness, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38125  (Online Only)
Truth Reveal Recover Health and Wellness, LLC is about healing and restoration. As a therapist, I go along the healing journey with you to help you reach who you see as your true self. There are parts of us that have become oppressed by anxiety, depression, lack of confidence, trauma, amongst other things. The journey of healing begins with you! Let's heal! Allow me on your journey of healing so that you may reveal the truths you need from the traumas that held you captive within yourself. Truth Reveal Recover provides a safe, open and warm space where you can start your healing. Let's Heal!
Truth Reveal Recover Health and Wellness, LLC is about healing and restoration. As a therapist, I go along the healing journey with you to help you reach who you see as your true self. There are parts of us that have become oppressed by anxiety, depression, lack of confidence, trauma, amongst other things. The journey of healing begins with you! Let's heal! Allow me on your journey of healing so that you may reveal the truths you need from the traumas that held you captive within yourself. Truth Reveal Recover provides a safe, open and warm space where you can start your healing. Let's Heal!
(901) 472-3909 View (901) 472-3909
Photo of Ashley Leary, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Leary
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38122  (Online Only)
Hello! I specialize in anxiety treatment while addressing related issues such as life transitions, depression, and relationships. I have over 10 years of experience in treating people of diverse demographics. I am passionate about helping my clients discover their strengths and empowering them to function in their truest and best selves. I find it an honor to be trusted with my client’s stories; stories that are often begging to be heard, understood, and touched with compassion.
Hello! I specialize in anxiety treatment while addressing related issues such as life transitions, depression, and relationships. I have over 10 years of experience in treating people of diverse demographics. I am passionate about helping my clients discover their strengths and empowering them to function in their truest and best selves. I find it an honor to be trusted with my client’s stories; stories that are often begging to be heard, understood, and touched with compassion.
(901) 621-5585 View (901) 621-5585
Photo of Sarah Rather, LPC-, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Rather
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
I find that the empathy and safety experienced in therapy can be transformative in the way that we view our past experiences and our past selves. I most enjoy working with emerging adults and those between the ages of 25-50. Most of my experience involves working with survivors of complex trauma. My professional interests also include working with those experiencing family of origin difficulties, anxiety, depression, existential dilemmas, religious trauma/Christian deconstruction, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and am affirming of non-monogamous relationships.
I find that the empathy and safety experienced in therapy can be transformative in the way that we view our past experiences and our past selves. I most enjoy working with emerging adults and those between the ages of 25-50. Most of my experience involves working with survivors of complex trauma. My professional interests also include working with those experiencing family of origin difficulties, anxiety, depression, existential dilemmas, religious trauma/Christian deconstruction, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and am affirming of non-monogamous relationships.
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Photo of Clare Taylor, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Clare Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
I use a range of modalities to treat a variety of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Whether you're struggling to adjust to current life challenges, having difficulty in relationship, or in need of healing early emotional wounds and/or trauma, finding the right therapist can help make the difference between surviving and thriving. Healing often begins with connection, and it's my goal to provide a supportive, compassionate space where you can become open to the process of healing and work toward positive change.
I use a range of modalities to treat a variety of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Whether you're struggling to adjust to current life challenges, having difficulty in relationship, or in need of healing early emotional wounds and/or trauma, finding the right therapist can help make the difference between surviving and thriving. Healing often begins with connection, and it's my goal to provide a supportive, compassionate space where you can become open to the process of healing and work toward positive change.
(901) 716-8475 View (901) 716-8475
Photo of Valerie Ann McKinney, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Valerie Ann McKinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38109  (Online Only)
Valerie McKinney is a Licensed Professional Counselor – Mental Health Care Provider. She enjoys working with adults (18 and over) who are interested in addressing issues that are holding them back or hindering them from reaching their potential in any or all areas of their lives. She has experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, grief issues, forgiveness issues, and other life stressors.
Valerie McKinney is a Licensed Professional Counselor – Mental Health Care Provider. She enjoys working with adults (18 and over) who are interested in addressing issues that are holding them back or hindering them from reaching their potential in any or all areas of their lives. She has experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, grief issues, forgiveness issues, and other life stressors.
(662) 339-1906 View (662) 339-1906
Photo of Lisa A. Maners, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa A. Maners
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
I'm a licensed professional counselor who enjoys work with adults on skills to manage anxiety, depression, conflict, and life transitions.
Anxiety and depression can hold you back because fear can stop you from making the positive change needed for creating harmony and peace in your life. I provide a confidential, non-judgmental, and accepting environment to process the influences of family patterns, personal history, and social expectations that may or may not match your authentic inner self. Together, we will find effective strategies to manage the causes of your anxiety so that you may experience inner peace, harmony, and self-confidence. I use a mindfulness-based approach to empower people as they engage in self-discovery or work through interpersonal conflict.
I'm a licensed professional counselor who enjoys work with adults on skills to manage anxiety, depression, conflict, and life transitions.
Anxiety and depression can hold you back because fear can stop you from making the positive change needed for creating harmony and peace in your life. I provide a confidential, non-judgmental, and accepting environment to process the influences of family patterns, personal history, and social expectations that may or may not match your authentic inner self. Together, we will find effective strategies to manage the causes of your anxiety so that you may experience inner peace, harmony, and self-confidence. I use a mindfulness-based approach to empower people as they engage in self-discovery or work through interpersonal conflict.
(901) 245-5403 View (901) 245-5403
Photo of Cynthia Lu'aune Poole, LCSW, ACSW, CTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Lu'aune Poole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, CTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38111
Waitlist for new clients
I can help when symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Attachments, Negative and Obsessive Thinking become overwhelming causing barriers to life and interferences with your daily functioning.
Often, we find ourselves traveling through life not trusting to share our challenges, thoughts and feelings with the external world. Together we can explore what you’re facing. Whether you’re experiencing Depression, Anxiety, Attachments and Negative Thinking, you don’t have to make the journey alone. My treatment approach enhances the Wholistic Person. I am someone that will work alongside of you in a safe and trusting environment. “You Only Need a Heart Full of Grace and a Soul Generated by Love" ~ Dr. Martin Luther King "Together We're Better".
I can help when symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Attachments, Negative and Obsessive Thinking become overwhelming causing barriers to life and interferences with your daily functioning.
Often, we find ourselves traveling through life not trusting to share our challenges, thoughts and feelings with the external world. Together we can explore what you’re facing. Whether you’re experiencing Depression, Anxiety, Attachments and Negative Thinking, you don’t have to make the journey alone. My treatment approach enhances the Wholistic Person. I am someone that will work alongside of you in a safe and trusting environment. “You Only Need a Heart Full of Grace and a Soul Generated by Love" ~ Dr. Martin Luther King "Together We're Better".
(901) 460-3447 View (901) 460-3447
Photo of Richard Harrell - RH Counseling & Counsulting, MS, LPC , NCC , Licensed Professional Counselor
RH Counseling & Counsulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC , NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
RH Counseling & Consulting seeks to provide healing by incorporating therapeutic services that meets the mental, emotional, spiritual needs of its clients. I have worked in the field of mental health as a therapist for approximately twenty one years and have treated clients with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger, and etc., using cognitive behavioral approaches to therapy. I believe in taking a comprehensive approach in bringing about healing to those who are mentally and emotionally stuck or in pain.
RH Counseling & Consulting seeks to provide healing by incorporating therapeutic services that meets the mental, emotional, spiritual needs of its clients. I have worked in the field of mental health as a therapist for approximately twenty one years and have treated clients with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger, and etc., using cognitive behavioral approaches to therapy. I believe in taking a comprehensive approach in bringing about healing to those who are mentally and emotionally stuck or in pain.
(901) 472-1563 View (901) 472-1563
Photo of Virginia Wesson - Virginia Rantzow, LPC, MHSP , NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Virginia Rantzow
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP , NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
I have experience working with anxiety, depression, co-dependency, difficult/dysfunctional family systems, recovery, childhood trauma, relationships, and loss.
I take it as a great honor to work with those who are taking steps towards improving their mental health. If you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, tired, and like your resources are not working for you as they should, I welcome you to reach out! I am excited to support you in your work.
I have experience working with anxiety, depression, co-dependency, difficult/dysfunctional family systems, recovery, childhood trauma, relationships, and loss.
I take it as a great honor to work with those who are taking steps towards improving their mental health. If you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, tired, and like your resources are not working for you as they should, I welcome you to reach out! I am excited to support you in your work.
(901) 716-8127 View (901) 716-8127
Photo of Ali Austin, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ali Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I have familiarity working with relationship issues, depression, co-dependency, anxiety, addiction, athletic pressures/trauma, young adult life transitions, and women’s issues.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
I have familiarity working with relationship issues, depression, co-dependency, anxiety, addiction, athletic pressures/trauma, young adult life transitions, and women’s issues.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
(901) 446-1996 View (901) 446-1996
Photo of Patricia Maynard, LPC-, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Patricia Maynard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
If you're navigating relationship challenges, you're not alone. Together, we can find a way forward. You deserve support and understanding as we work collaboratively to discover new strengths and perspectives. If you're feeling a bit lost, know that it's okay. You can learn powerful techniques to manage stress and find balance. Embarking on a therapeutic journey is a powerful step towards growth and healing. Together, we can transform your experiences with difficult relationships, anxiety, or depression, opening doors to a brighter future. This is your dedicated time to focus on you – your relationships, your family, yourself.
If you're navigating relationship challenges, you're not alone. Together, we can find a way forward. You deserve support and understanding as we work collaboratively to discover new strengths and perspectives. If you're feeling a bit lost, know that it's okay. You can learn powerful techniques to manage stress and find balance. Embarking on a therapeutic journey is a powerful step towards growth and healing. Together, we can transform your experiences with difficult relationships, anxiety, or depression, opening doors to a brighter future. This is your dedicated time to focus on you – your relationships, your family, yourself.
(901) 390-5991 View (901) 390-5991
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.