Therapists in River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN

Photo of Paige Marcantel, MSW, MBA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paige Marcantel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
I am a a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience as a therapist and leader. I have extensive experience in helping clients with historical trauma, parenting and the postpartum period, stress, depression, anxiety, relationships, grief, and loss. My counseling approach emphasizes non-judgment and building rapport as critical to success in working with my clients. I absolutely believe that you are the expert on your own story and I can walk with you to assist you in making the changes you want to make.
I am a a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience as a therapist and leader. I have extensive experience in helping clients with historical trauma, parenting and the postpartum period, stress, depression, anxiety, relationships, grief, and loss. My counseling approach emphasizes non-judgment and building rapport as critical to success in working with my clients. I absolutely believe that you are the expert on your own story and I can walk with you to assist you in making the changes you want to make.
(901) 668-5253 View (901) 668-5253
Photo of Jacqueline Paul, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacqueline Paul
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
My therapeutic style includes using a collaborative and customized approach that targets areas of your life you are seeking to improve. We focus on skill building, regulating emotions, managing interpersonal conflict, and processing feelings and underlying needs in order to help increase fulfillment and improve overall functioning. I specifically use Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Supportive therapy, and Solution-focused strategies in my therapeutic approach.
My therapeutic style includes using a collaborative and customized approach that targets areas of your life you are seeking to improve. We focus on skill building, regulating emotions, managing interpersonal conflict, and processing feelings and underlying needs in order to help increase fulfillment and improve overall functioning. I specifically use Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Supportive therapy, and Solution-focused strategies in my therapeutic approach.
(901) 657-6118 View (901) 657-6118
Photo of Ebony Bailey Lpc Mhsp, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Ebony Bailey Lpc Mhsp
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals who are at a crossroads in life. Whose goal is to move through life’s challenges. My ideal clients are those who are dealing with anxiety, adverse childhood experiences, codependency, communication, depression, life transitions, relationship stress, self-defeating beliefs, stress & traumatic experiences. Who are currently desiring support, balance & peace, but certain blocks have gotten in the way of finding enjoyment in life. Overtime, these blocks have disrupted your state of balance. Calming the nervous system is the foundation for this process. Choosing to invest in yourself is where you begin.
I enjoy working with individuals who are at a crossroads in life. Whose goal is to move through life’s challenges. My ideal clients are those who are dealing with anxiety, adverse childhood experiences, codependency, communication, depression, life transitions, relationship stress, self-defeating beliefs, stress & traumatic experiences. Who are currently desiring support, balance & peace, but certain blocks have gotten in the way of finding enjoyment in life. Overtime, these blocks have disrupted your state of balance. Calming the nervous system is the foundation for this process. Choosing to invest in yourself is where you begin.
(901) 881-7843 View (901) 881-7843
Photo of Dr. Kimberly Atkins, EdD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Kimberly Atkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
With a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology and over 20 years of counseling experience, I can help you get through life's trials and tribulations. I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in stress, grief, depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, chronic management illness, crises management, as well as in coping skills in both adolescents and adults. My expertise is a combination of professional and personal skills that can help any person tackle unexpected life crisis. I have experience in couples counseling, family counseling, group counseling, and career counseling.
With a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology and over 20 years of counseling experience, I can help you get through life's trials and tribulations. I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in stress, grief, depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, chronic management illness, crises management, as well as in coping skills in both adolescents and adults. My expertise is a combination of professional and personal skills that can help any person tackle unexpected life crisis. I have experience in couples counseling, family counseling, group counseling, and career counseling.
(901) 203-5291 View (901) 203-5291
Photo of Meredith Julian Mahaney, MEd
Meredith Julian Mahaney
MEd
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38125
Change is hard. Change can feel scary. Yet, change is absolutely necessary for us to grow and for our lives to become more meaningful. In my career and throughout my life, I have observed three main characteristics that stand out regarding human nature: first, all of us, adults as well as children, crave connection both within ourselves and with others. Secondly, we all have a need to feel seen and heard. Lastly, we all desire to experience joy and lightheartedness.
Change is hard. Change can feel scary. Yet, change is absolutely necessary for us to grow and for our lives to become more meaningful. In my career and throughout my life, I have observed three main characteristics that stand out regarding human nature: first, all of us, adults as well as children, crave connection both within ourselves and with others. Secondly, we all have a need to feel seen and heard. Lastly, we all desire to experience joy and lightheartedness.
(901) 665-0852 View (901) 665-0852
Photo of Ali Austin, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ali Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is an organic experience that cannot be created elsewhere. My experience has shown me that each of us walks our own path and that no two are the same. Having support while walking your path can be just the thing to make the difference. I strive to provide safety so that you can talk about your life, your family, your pain, and sit in the tension to ultimately begin living more authentically. I work from a holistic approach; given that, we will develop the best course of treatment for your needs, together.
(901) 446-1996 View (901) 446-1996
Photo of Jordan Anderson Royals - kardia Collective , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
kardia Collective
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
Jordan has a long standing history of working with children, adolescents, and young adults who are navigating the difficult road of overcoming trauma and the emotional and physical scars that remain after the dust has settled. Trauma has a way of stunting emotional and physical growth. It has a way of making us feel that we have lost our voices, that we are not valued, that we do not have a purpose, and as if the only way to be heard is to engage in risky behaviors or defiance. Finding hope may seem impossible. However, beginning to explore and understand the impact that trauma has had on our character enables us to move forward.
Jordan has a long standing history of working with children, adolescents, and young adults who are navigating the difficult road of overcoming trauma and the emotional and physical scars that remain after the dust has settled. Trauma has a way of stunting emotional and physical growth. It has a way of making us feel that we have lost our voices, that we are not valued, that we do not have a purpose, and as if the only way to be heard is to engage in risky behaviors or defiance. Finding hope may seem impossible. However, beginning to explore and understand the impact that trauma has had on our character enables us to move forward.
(901) 813-6004 x733 View (901) 813-6004 x733
Photo of Beth Grant, MS, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Grant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
My ideal clients come to therapy with a deep desire to know and understand him/herself better. They are looking for a collaborative effort in gaining this understanding and are motivated to work outside of the office to achieve the desired result.
My ideal clients come to therapy with a deep desire to know and understand him/herself better. They are looking for a collaborative effort in gaining this understanding and are motivated to work outside of the office to achieve the desired result.
(901) 499-4567 View (901) 499-4567
Photo of Jason Holtgrewe, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jason Holtgrewe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
I seek to help my clients learn how to embrace vulnerability as a means to healing, become aware of their emotions and inner thoughts to connect with themselves and others, and trust that the love they deserve is the kind given without conditions.
I seek to help my clients learn how to embrace vulnerability as a means to healing, become aware of their emotions and inner thoughts to connect with themselves and others, and trust that the love they deserve is the kind given without conditions.
(901) 479-0854 View (901) 479-0854
Photo of Nathan Wade, LPC, MHCP, (temp), Licensed Professional Counselor
Nathan Wade
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHCP, (temp)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
Welcome! I have a drive to help those who are struggling with autism spectrum disorder, addiction, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I work at a pace that is comfortable with you to ensure that you receive the right amount of care as possible as we go on this journey of healing together. I work to aid you with helpful coping skills, relationship building/repairing, communication skills, and finding self-identity. My objective is to get to the point where you will confidently be able to help yourself with the skills you develop over time.
Welcome! I have a drive to help those who are struggling with autism spectrum disorder, addiction, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I work at a pace that is comfortable with you to ensure that you receive the right amount of care as possible as we go on this journey of healing together. I work to aid you with helpful coping skills, relationship building/repairing, communication skills, and finding self-identity. My objective is to get to the point where you will confidently be able to help yourself with the skills you develop over time.
(901) 445-6562 View (901) 445-6562
Photo of Paige Marcantel - Ellie Mental Health - Memphis
Ellie Mental Health - Memphis
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
We are filling the gap between surviving and thriving. Your mental health care should be effective, easy, and fun. When life has you feeling down, our qualified & compassionate therapists are here to help you feel better.
We are filling the gap between surviving and thriving. Your mental health care should be effective, easy, and fun. When life has you feeling down, our qualified & compassionate therapists are here to help you feel better.
(901) 668-6722 View (901) 668-6722
Photo of Ashley Neal, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Neal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
Waitlist for new clients
Ashley is a published licensed professional counselor skilled in counseling children, adolescents, and adults. She provides empathetic and non-judgmental care using person-centered, behavioral, and trauma focused techniques. She has worked in numerous settings: hospital, outpatient, residential, in-home, virtual, and school. Ashley is passionate about meeting her clients where they are and encouraging authentic engagement in the therapeutic process to help meet their goals.
Ashley is a published licensed professional counselor skilled in counseling children, adolescents, and adults. She provides empathetic and non-judgmental care using person-centered, behavioral, and trauma focused techniques. She has worked in numerous settings: hospital, outpatient, residential, in-home, virtual, and school. Ashley is passionate about meeting her clients where they are and encouraging authentic engagement in the therapeutic process to help meet their goals.
(901) 519-2994 View (901) 519-2994
Photo of Judiann McNiff Jones, PhD, Psychologist
Judiann McNiff Jones
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
Take this in - you are having trouble sleeping, the stress is piling on, you are struggling to find your sense of purpose, all while waiting for the next curve ball to come your way. Rather than taking an aimless approach, why don't you take the first step and discover your own meaning and consider tackling a specific difficulty or taking one step at a time.
Take this in - you are having trouble sleeping, the stress is piling on, you are struggling to find your sense of purpose, all while waiting for the next curve ball to come your way. Rather than taking an aimless approach, why don't you take the first step and discover your own meaning and consider tackling a specific difficulty or taking one step at a time.
(901) 657-1254 View (901) 657-1254
Photo of Tempia Waddell - The Resiliency Center of Memphis, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Resiliency Center of Memphis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you are hanging on by a thread? Is it becoming increasingly difficult to cope with the curve balls that life is throwing at you? Do you need a safe place to figure out this journey called “life”? At The Resiliency Center of Memphis, we are here to provide you with a safe space to promote your voice and choice and walk beside you as you embark your journey of overcoming obstacles. If your car was broken, you would see a mechanic. If you wanted to travel, you would see an agent. You are making the right move by seeking out a professional to improve your mental health.
Do you feel like you are hanging on by a thread? Is it becoming increasingly difficult to cope with the curve balls that life is throwing at you? Do you need a safe place to figure out this journey called “life”? At The Resiliency Center of Memphis, we are here to provide you with a safe space to promote your voice and choice and walk beside you as you embark your journey of overcoming obstacles. If your car was broken, you would see a mechanic. If you wanted to travel, you would see an agent. You are making the right move by seeking out a professional to improve your mental health.
(901) 446-0628 View (901) 446-0628
Photo of Jarita M. Pittman, LPC, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jarita M. Pittman
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
Waitlist for new clients
Here as a support in your time of need. Understanding life itself brings so many unexpected obstacles that you simply need "someone else to assist you during that time of fog in your life". Fortunately, for you I am that person if you allow me. We can work together to navigate through those troublesome times. My goal is for you to live your "Best Life". I want you to gain the skills to begin with a Better Life, next Good Life and ultimately your "Best Life" utilizing all acquired positive skills to Manage!
Here as a support in your time of need. Understanding life itself brings so many unexpected obstacles that you simply need "someone else to assist you during that time of fog in your life". Fortunately, for you I am that person if you allow me. We can work together to navigate through those troublesome times. My goal is for you to live your "Best Life". I want you to gain the skills to begin with a Better Life, next Good Life and ultimately your "Best Life" utilizing all acquired positive skills to Manage!
(901) 660-8134 View (901) 660-8134
Photo of Michelle Renae Robinson, LCSW, CEAP, LSSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Renae Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP, LSSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with all age groups. However, I particularly enjoy working with both men and women on their individualized issues. I also enjoy working with teens who are at the experimental stages of Alcohol and Drug issues. I have a Family Therapy background and Outpatient Mental Health, as well as over 15 years of providing EAP Counseling services, which is more Brief/Solution Focus Therapy. I love working with people helping them to reach a healthy emotional and mental state of being!! Let’s work together so that you can be happy and comfortable living in the present moment.
I enjoy working with all age groups. However, I particularly enjoy working with both men and women on their individualized issues. I also enjoy working with teens who are at the experimental stages of Alcohol and Drug issues. I have a Family Therapy background and Outpatient Mental Health, as well as over 15 years of providing EAP Counseling services, which is more Brief/Solution Focus Therapy. I love working with people helping them to reach a healthy emotional and mental state of being!! Let’s work together so that you can be happy and comfortable living in the present moment.
(901) 450-5994 View (901) 450-5994
Photo of Sandy McCullough, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandy McCullough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
I have been doing psychotherapy since 1994. The first two years I worked with recovering alcoholics and addicts. The next 7 years I visited homes and did family counseling. Since that time I have been in Private Practice working with those who have been suffering from anxiety, depression, Posttramautic Stress, ADHD issues, marital conflict, and much more.
I have been doing psychotherapy since 1994. The first two years I worked with recovering alcoholics and addicts. The next 7 years I visited homes and did family counseling. Since that time I have been in Private Practice working with those who have been suffering from anxiety, depression, Posttramautic Stress, ADHD issues, marital conflict, and much more.
(901) 641-1244 View (901) 641-1244
Photo of Morgan Elyse Crenshaw, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Morgan Elyse Crenshaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including anxiety, life changes, relationship issues, grief and loss, domestic violence, eating disorders, and those who have experienced physical or emotional abuse or trauma. I have also worked in the field of hospice and terminal illness.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including anxiety, life changes, relationship issues, grief and loss, domestic violence, eating disorders, and those who have experienced physical or emotional abuse or trauma. I have also worked in the field of hospice and terminal illness.
(901) 350-5263 View (901) 350-5263
Photo of Shelonda Phillips-McDonald, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelonda Phillips-McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38120
Have you acknowledged that you have a problem and are now seeking help? When you talk to family or friends, do you feel like you are not being heard? I believe that the first step in the healing process for any issue is to be "heard" and have someone to listen to you. I provide a safe place for individuals, families, parents, and couples to speak and begin the healing process. My goal is to provide a warm, nurturing, accepting environment that meets the client where they are at.
Have you acknowledged that you have a problem and are now seeking help? When you talk to family or friends, do you feel like you are not being heard? I believe that the first step in the healing process for any issue is to be "heard" and have someone to listen to you. I provide a safe place for individuals, families, parents, and couples to speak and begin the healing process. My goal is to provide a warm, nurturing, accepting environment that meets the client where they are at.
(901) 617-4573 View (901) 617-4573
Photo of Brenda Gilman, LPC, MHSP, CST, Counselor
Brenda Gilman
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN 38119
I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families in the areas of marriage counseling, affair recovery, sexual intimacy, sexual addiction recovery, trauma and abuse, EMDR, depression, anxiety and other mental health issues. My desire is to provide quality professional care to those that are in desperate need of experiencing hope and healing through their brokenness and pain. Seeking someone to walk with you through your darkest moments can provide the opportunity for tremendous growth and greater understanding of who you are created to be. I believe this is done well through a relational approach that will provide growth emotionally, spiritually and relationally.
I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families in the areas of marriage counseling, affair recovery, sexual intimacy, sexual addiction recovery, trauma and abuse, EMDR, depression, anxiety and other mental health issues. My desire is to provide quality professional care to those that are in desperate need of experiencing hope and healing through their brokenness and pain. Seeking someone to walk with you through your darkest moments can provide the opportunity for tremendous growth and greater understanding of who you are created to be. I believe this is done well through a relational approach that will provide growth emotionally, spiritually and relationally.
(901) 352-2332 View (901) 352-2332

See more therapy options for River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

87% Anxiety
82% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Cigna and Evernorth
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Aetna

How Therapists in River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis, TN see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in River Oaks-Kirby-Balmoral, Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.