Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Maryville, TN

Photo of Jordan Haynes, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordan Haynes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Maryville, TN 37801
I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Parent Child Interaction Training ( PCIT) & Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
Welcome! For the past seven years, my passion has been to help facilitate personal growth in young children, adolescents, and teens. My primary focus is to be someone you can turn to in a time of need. The stress of growing up in today's ever-changing society can be overwhelming. I would like to join you on your journey to develop the skills necessary to overcome those stressors by teaching you the skills needed. I like to practice from an unconditional, supportive therapist role, in a relaxing environment. I am dedicated to using all my resources to help achieve peace & happiness in your lives!
I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Parent Child Interaction Training ( PCIT) & Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
Welcome! For the past seven years, my passion has been to help facilitate personal growth in young children, adolescents, and teens. My primary focus is to be someone you can turn to in a time of need. The stress of growing up in today's ever-changing society can be overwhelming. I would like to join you on your journey to develop the skills necessary to overcome those stressors by teaching you the skills needed. I like to practice from an unconditional, supportive therapist role, in a relaxing environment. I am dedicated to using all my resources to help achieve peace & happiness in your lives!
(865) 205-6277 View (865) 205-6277
Photo of Jo P Ward, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jo P Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Maryville, TN 37801
When you are hurting you need someone to talk to who will help you figure out what to do. There are always changes we can make to be less miserable. I particularly enjoy working with couples having marital problems, with teenagers, and with people dealing with grief and loss.
When you are hurting you need someone to talk to who will help you figure out what to do. There are always changes we can make to be less miserable. I particularly enjoy working with couples having marital problems, with teenagers, and with people dealing with grief and loss.
(865) 518-2749 View (865) 518-2749

Online Therapists

Photo of Jaclyn Beckler, LCSW, CCTP, C-DBT, TF-CBT, PCIT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jaclyn Beckler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, C-DBT, TF-CBT, PCIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional with additional certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, and Nervous System Regulation (SSP).
I enjoy helping clients build resilience and feel a sense of safety both within themselves and with the outside world. Professional experience includes serving children, adolescents, adults, and families in the settings of community outreach, outpatient services, foster care, adoption, and mental health/addiction treatment centers. I am passionate about promoting personal growth, empowerment, advocacy, and self-efficacy. I strive to connect with clients in a safe therapeutic alliance to help increase tolerance thresholds through psycho-education, therapeutic interventions, skills practice, mind-body connection, and self-awareness.
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional with additional certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, and Nervous System Regulation (SSP).
I enjoy helping clients build resilience and feel a sense of safety both within themselves and with the outside world. Professional experience includes serving children, adolescents, adults, and families in the settings of community outreach, outpatient services, foster care, adoption, and mental health/addiction treatment centers. I am passionate about promoting personal growth, empowerment, advocacy, and self-efficacy. I strive to connect with clients in a safe therapeutic alliance to help increase tolerance thresholds through psycho-education, therapeutic interventions, skills practice, mind-body connection, and self-awareness.
(423) 456-9271 View (423) 456-9271
Photo of Rachael Voelker, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rachael Voelker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingsport, TN 37660
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of TN & VA. I am certified in behavioral therapy, specifically Parent Child Interactive Therapy. This type of therapy helps you with kiddos developmentally 2 to 8 years old, I will help you correct their behaviors, improve your relationship, and increase self esteem while working directly through you, you will be working simultaneously with the child.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of TN & VA. I am certified in behavioral therapy, specifically Parent Child Interactive Therapy. This type of therapy helps you with kiddos developmentally 2 to 8 years old, I will help you correct their behaviors, improve your relationship, and increase self esteem while working directly through you, you will be working simultaneously with the child.
(423) 561-9594 View (423) 561-9594
Photo of Jessica Kyle, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Kyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Jessica utilizes multiple treatment approaches based on the client's individual needs, including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, parent-child interaction therapy ( PCIT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
Jessica utilizes multiple treatment approaches based on the client's individual needs, including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, parent-child interaction therapy ( PCIT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
(865) 518-4165 View (865) 518-4165
Photo of Holly Christianson, LMSW
Holly Christianson
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
With specialized training in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT) and Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), I have the expertise to help you foster secure attachments and strengthen bonds within your family.
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
With specialized training in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT) and Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), I have the expertise to help you foster secure attachments and strengthen bonds within your family.
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
(865) 351-2948 View (865) 351-2948
Photo of Ashley Dillon, MA, LPC, MHSP, AS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Dillon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, AS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Hixson, TN 37343
I understand the importance of attachment and specialize in Parent Child Interaction Therapy.
I have a passion for helping families and young people. Parenting in all stages of life can be difficult, which is why I seek to provide support, understanding, and tools to help enhance your family relationships. I work directly with caregivers to manage behaviors of toddlerhood. I connect well with middle schoolers who find it difficult to connect with others. I also enjoy helping teenagers find hope and healing while overcoming depression and trauma. I’m like a teacher in that you should learn something from me, like a doctor in that you should overcome symptoms, and like a firefighter in that I help keep kids safe.
I understand the importance of attachment and specialize in Parent Child Interaction Therapy.
I have a passion for helping families and young people. Parenting in all stages of life can be difficult, which is why I seek to provide support, understanding, and tools to help enhance your family relationships. I work directly with caregivers to manage behaviors of toddlerhood. I connect well with middle schoolers who find it difficult to connect with others. I also enjoy helping teenagers find hope and healing while overcoming depression and trauma. I’m like a teacher in that you should learn something from me, like a doctor in that you should overcome symptoms, and like a firefighter in that I help keep kids safe.
(423) 709-8311 View (423) 709-8311
Photo of Melissa Cohen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
With over 25 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families of all ages, I offer a nonjudgmental space for growth and healing. My specialties include eating disorders, body image, trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions (college, divorce, LGBTQ+), and parent/child relationships. I use different therapy approaches such as Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), mindfulness, compassion, as well as a non-traditional therapy called Acceptance and Integration Training (AAIT is trademarked and founded by Melanie McGhee, LCSW.).
With over 25 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families of all ages, I offer a nonjudgmental space for growth and healing. My specialties include eating disorders, body image, trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions (college, divorce, LGBTQ+), and parent/child relationships. I use different therapy approaches such as Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), mindfulness, compassion, as well as a non-traditional therapy called Acceptance and Integration Training (AAIT is trademarked and founded by Melanie McGhee, LCSW.).
(865) 551-6152 View (865) 551-6152
Photo of Erica Petree, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
I am certified in Infant Mental Health, The Nurturing Parenting Program, Parent Child Interaction Therapy( PCIT), and DIR Floortime.
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
I am certified in Infant Mental Health, The Nurturing Parenting Program, Parent Child Interaction Therapy( PCIT), and DIR Floortime.
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
(423) 205-5757 View (423) 205-5757
Photo of Danielle M McDonough, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle M McDonough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402  (Online Only)
I look forward to speaking with you in a free consultation/tech check appointment to see if PCIT would be a good fit for your child!.
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
I look forward to speaking with you in a free consultation/tech check appointment to see if PCIT would be a good fit for your child!.
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
(423) 564-4642 View (423) 564-4642
Photo of Glyndora Spring Condon, MS, MFT, LPC, CTMH, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Glyndora Spring Condon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MFT, LPC, CTMH, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
I have been helping others: Special needs, Relational, Behavioral, A&D, Elderly, and Children as a C.N.A., Foster mother, Care giver, Activity Director, and as a Therapist during my adult life. I have 10 grandchildren, and 4 are special needs children. I have several years experience providing Couples/Marriage, Family, and Behavioral and Mental therapy; and am eclectic in my use of modalities. I am an author with Good News and multiple other psychology sites. Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC have 3-5 counselors of diverse backgrounds, cultures, languages, and specialties!!! We provide in office and Telehealth for our clients!
I have been helping others: Special needs, Relational, Behavioral, A&D, Elderly, and Children as a C.N.A., Foster mother, Care giver, Activity Director, and as a Therapist during my adult life. I have 10 grandchildren, and 4 are special needs children. I have several years experience providing Couples/Marriage, Family, and Behavioral and Mental therapy; and am eclectic in my use of modalities. I am an author with Good News and multiple other psychology sites. Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC have 3-5 counselors of diverse backgrounds, cultures, languages, and specialties!!! We provide in office and Telehealth for our clients!
(423) 525-8538 View (423) 525-8538
Photo of Mary Ellis Morris, BS, MS, LC
Mary Ellis Morris
BS, MS, LC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Are you neurodivergent and about to graduate from high school, recently graduated from high school or college? Are you trying to transition into a career field, adult relationships, or an independent routine? I can help you navigate hard transitions into adult life. You can schedule a free consultation on morrisindependenceconsultants.com
Are you neurodivergent and about to graduate from high school, recently graduated from high school or college? Are you trying to transition into a career field, adult relationships, or an independent routine? I can help you navigate hard transitions into adult life. You can schedule a free consultation on morrisindependenceconsultants.com
(423) 401-6940 View (423) 401-6940
Photo of Emily Chadwick, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Chadwick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Whatever situation you’re in or having a hard time letting go of, there is a way to get through it. While I do specialize in helping children and parents, I am passionate about all people. I use a wide variety of approaches to treat anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (complex and single-event), behavioral issues in children and teens, parenting, and couples. I offer individual, couple, and family sessions. Send me an email if you have questions, I always respond as soon as possible! I am currently accepting new clients!
Whatever situation you’re in or having a hard time letting go of, there is a way to get through it. While I do specialize in helping children and parents, I am passionate about all people. I use a wide variety of approaches to treat anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (complex and single-event), behavioral issues in children and teens, parenting, and couples. I offer individual, couple, and family sessions. Send me an email if you have questions, I always respond as soon as possible! I am currently accepting new clients!
(865) 345-5146 View (865) 345-5146
Photo of Kody Hodge, MHSP, Temp, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kody Hodge
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, Temp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gray, TN 37615
Accepting New Clients! Hello! My name is Kody Hodge and I am here to help! As a mental health counselor, it is my goal to provide a safe & compassionate environment so that all clients (ages 12+) in East Tennessee and online can be encouraged with helpful assistance as they navigate the difficulties of life. I am here the help no matter what you are going through, whether depression, anxiety or life struggles from grief, divorce, or parenting confusion. I also help teens who are experiencing difficulties with learning variations or performance anxieties. Schedule your intake now by clicking the website button to the left.
Accepting New Clients! Hello! My name is Kody Hodge and I am here to help! As a mental health counselor, it is my goal to provide a safe & compassionate environment so that all clients (ages 12+) in East Tennessee and online can be encouraged with helpful assistance as they navigate the difficulties of life. I am here the help no matter what you are going through, whether depression, anxiety or life struggles from grief, divorce, or parenting confusion. I also help teens who are experiencing difficulties with learning variations or performance anxieties. Schedule your intake now by clicking the website button to the left.
(423) 556-6020 View (423) 556-6020
Photo of Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman, MS, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
(865) 205-6190 View (865) 205-6190
Photo of Thomas Langer, LMSW
Thomas Langer
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37932
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting,
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting,
(865) 503-4695 View (865) 503-4695
Photo of Stacy P Park, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacy P Park
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922  (Online Only)
I find it a true honor to have had the opportunity to work for over 30 years with individuals and families in varying levels of distress (inpatient, crisis work, outpatient). I believe that it takes courage to face change and look forward to meeting you and to committing to joining you on your journey. To share my style of compassion and positivity, I take a "glass half full" view of life and pledge to help guide others toward finding their "real truth".
I find it a true honor to have had the opportunity to work for over 30 years with individuals and families in varying levels of distress (inpatient, crisis work, outpatient). I believe that it takes courage to face change and look forward to meeting you and to committing to joining you on your journey. To share my style of compassion and positivity, I take a "glass half full" view of life and pledge to help guide others toward finding their "real truth".
View
Photo of Jana Dobesova, LPC, MHSP, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jana Dobesova
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Welcome. I am glad you are here. I know life can be overwhelming at times. I believe that together we can start an exciting journey of tapping into the many strengths that will help you become the person you want to be. That means that perhaps you want to be happier, more confident, more at peace with your past, and an overcomer. It is okay to be brave and scared at the same time. It takes courage to take the first steps toward a change and a more fulfilling life. I am here to support you on your journey.
Welcome. I am glad you are here. I know life can be overwhelming at times. I believe that together we can start an exciting journey of tapping into the many strengths that will help you become the person you want to be. That means that perhaps you want to be happier, more confident, more at peace with your past, and an overcomer. It is okay to be brave and scared at the same time. It takes courage to take the first steps toward a change and a more fulfilling life. I am here to support you on your journey.
(423) 556-9730 View (423) 556-9730
Photo of Kelsie McGlothin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelsie McGlothin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Waitlist for new clients
Healing from complex/developmental trauma can feel daunting. My job is to walk alongside you in this process.
Healing from complex/developmental trauma can feel daunting. My job is to walk alongside you in this process.
(865) 213-7670 View (865) 213-7670
Photo of Jen Nicole Gray, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jen Nicole Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Is your child needing guidance in expressing feelings and emotions appropriately? Does your child prefer an alternative approach utilizing Art and Play therapy? Do you or someone you know need help in making challenging decisions while being in alignment with your faith? Would you like to talk to someone who is calming and non-judgemental? Have you or someone you know been dealing with being overwhelmed with life in general?
Is your child needing guidance in expressing feelings and emotions appropriately? Does your child prefer an alternative approach utilizing Art and Play therapy? Do you or someone you know need help in making challenging decisions while being in alignment with your faith? Would you like to talk to someone who is calming and non-judgemental? Have you or someone you know been dealing with being overwhelmed with life in general?
(865) 351-2240 View (865) 351-2240

Nearby Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists Searches for Maryville

See More Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists
Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists

Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?

PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.

How long does PCIT last?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.

Can PCIT be done online?

PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.

Does PCIT help parents?

In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.