Depression Therapists in Lenoir City, TN

Photo of Robin Watts, MA,  LPC/MH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robin Watts
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC/MH
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
She is able to help a client work through ruminating thoughts, daily stress, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, codependency, and relationship issues as well as many other areas.
Robin Watts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. She received her Master’s in Professional Counseling at Liberty University and completed her internship and practicum working in a private practice that allowed her to work with individuals that were experiencing personality disorders, as well as work with couples and families in supporting these individuals. Robin has worked in a variety of environments, including a prison, church, community, military, residential and partial hospitalization programs.
She is able to help a client work through ruminating thoughts, daily stress, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, codependency, and relationship issues as well as many other areas.
Robin Watts is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. She received her Master’s in Professional Counseling at Liberty University and completed her internship and practicum working in a private practice that allowed her to work with individuals that were experiencing personality disorders, as well as work with couples and families in supporting these individuals. Robin has worked in a variety of environments, including a prison, church, community, military, residential and partial hospitalization programs.
(865) 745-8228 View (865) 745-8228
Photo of Carri McClellan, MA,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carri McClellan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
In addition to her work with substance use, Carri is well-versed in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, and women's issues, including postpartum depression.
Carri McClellan, MA, LPC-MHSP-S is a therapist at LifeStance Health in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2010. Carri specializes in helping clients navigate challenges related to substance use, anxiety, and trauma. She employs evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and trauma-informed therapies to support her clients in achieving their personal goals. She is particularly passionate about working with adolescents, adults, and seniors, creating a safe and compassionate space for each client to explore their unique concerns and aspirations.
In addition to her work with substance use, Carri is well-versed in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, and women's issues, including postpartum depression.
Carri McClellan, MA, LPC-MHSP-S is a therapist at LifeStance Health in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2010. Carri specializes in helping clients navigate challenges related to substance use, anxiety, and trauma. She employs evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and trauma-informed therapies to support her clients in achieving their personal goals. She is particularly passionate about working with adolescents, adults, and seniors, creating a safe and compassionate space for each client to explore their unique concerns and aspirations.
(865) 424-2452 View (865) 424-2452
Photo of Marissa Penn, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marissa Penn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Marissa also specializes in helping women facing unique challenges such as postpartum depression and anxiety, ensuring they feel understood and supported throughout their therapeutic journey.
Marissa Penn is a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping patients navigate their mental health journeys in Tennessee. She provides a safe and supportive environment where individuals can explore their feelings and experiences authentically. By utilizing a relational, traumainformed approach, Marissa assists patients in reducing suffering, gaining insight, and achieving personal growth. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, or trauma, her goal is to empower patients to find resilience and healing.
Marissa also specializes in helping women facing unique challenges such as postpartum depression and anxiety, ensuring they feel understood and supported throughout their therapeutic journey.
Marissa Penn is a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping patients navigate their mental health journeys in Tennessee. She provides a safe and supportive environment where individuals can explore their feelings and experiences authentically. By utilizing a relational, traumainformed approach, Marissa assists patients in reducing suffering, gaining insight, and achieving personal growth. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, or trauma, her goal is to empower patients to find resilience and healing.
(855) 454-9049 View (855) 454-9049
Photo of Michelle Portman Lcsw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Portman Lcsw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Waitlist for new clients
My clients often are experiencing a life that feels without meaning and control. A life that is filled with chronic stress. This stress results from conflict in our relationships and multiple roles in life. At other times,this stress is residue from unresolved life events that have depleted the ability to see through a lens of love. Life then naturally becomes driven by fear. If you are seeking to learn a way to create a life that feels worth living, despite any circumstance. I can teach you the way. The majority of my clients are experiencing anxiety, anger and depression in their daily life.
My clients often are experiencing a life that feels without meaning and control. A life that is filled with chronic stress. This stress results from conflict in our relationships and multiple roles in life. At other times,this stress is residue from unresolved life events that have depleted the ability to see through a lens of love. Life then naturally becomes driven by fear. If you are seeking to learn a way to create a life that feels worth living, despite any circumstance. I can teach you the way. The majority of my clients are experiencing anxiety, anger and depression in their daily life.
(865) 269-6125 View (865) 269-6125
Photo of Charles E Martin, PhD, Psychologist
Charles E Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Martin's special areas of interest are the treatment of depression, anxiety, stress issues, anger management, and marriage/couples counseling.
Dr. Charles E. Martin is a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice in Knoxville, TN. He is currently accepting new patients, and both day and evening hours are available, as well as Telehealth sessions. Dr. Martin has been in practice over 40 years working with adults with a wide range of problems. Dr. Martin's treatment approach is solution-oriented. Often described as gentle and easy-going with a good sense of humor, Dr. Martin's counseling style is amiable and courteous. He understands that many people are quite anxious when they begin counseling and he makes the initial sessions comfortable.
Martin's special areas of interest are the treatment of depression, anxiety, stress issues, anger management, and marriage/couples counseling.
Dr. Charles E. Martin is a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice in Knoxville, TN. He is currently accepting new patients, and both day and evening hours are available, as well as Telehealth sessions. Dr. Martin has been in practice over 40 years working with adults with a wide range of problems. Dr. Martin's treatment approach is solution-oriented. Often described as gentle and easy-going with a good sense of humor, Dr. Martin's counseling style is amiable and courteous. He understands that many people are quite anxious when they begin counseling and he makes the initial sessions comfortable.
(865) 320-9901 View (865) 320-9901
Photo of Stacy Hernandez - Affinity Counseling - Stacy M Hernandez AAIT Cert., LPC, MHSP, AAIT-, Licensed Professional Counselor
Affinity Counseling - Stacy M Hernandez AAIT Cert.
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, AAIT-
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Hello! Welcome to my page! I have been in the counseling field for 21 years and I am passionate about working with female adults and adolescents struggling with depression and anxiety. To achieve relieve from anxiety and depression, I utilize a therapeutic approach called Acceptance and Integration Therapy. Being a certified AAIT (Acceptance and Integration) therapist has allowed me to help clients heal, identify goals and quickly relieve psychological suffering. Let's get together and start helping you live a better authentic life!
Hello! Welcome to my page! I have been in the counseling field for 21 years and I am passionate about working with female adults and adolescents struggling with depression and anxiety. To achieve relieve from anxiety and depression, I utilize a therapeutic approach called Acceptance and Integration Therapy. Being a certified AAIT (Acceptance and Integration) therapist has allowed me to help clients heal, identify goals and quickly relieve psychological suffering. Let's get together and start helping you live a better authentic life!
(865) 407-2290 View (865) 407-2290
Photo of Kelsey Shubert, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kelsey Shubert
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772  (Online Only)
If you need guidance on untangling the knots of anxiety, shining light on the darkness of depression, or finding creative strategies for effective stress management, I am here to help.
Hello! My name is Kelsey. I am a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping teens and adults navigate the complexities of life and mental wellness. I use a holistic approach to manage the various challenges people face. I love working with young professionals, educators, and teachers, as well as individuals with children. I have lots of experience working with depression, anxiety, and challenged self-esteem.
If you need guidance on untangling the knots of anxiety, shining light on the darkness of depression, or finding creative strategies for effective stress management, I am here to help.
Hello! My name is Kelsey. I am a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping teens and adults navigate the complexities of life and mental wellness. I use a holistic approach to manage the various challenges people face. I love working with young professionals, educators, and teachers, as well as individuals with children. I have lots of experience working with depression, anxiety, and challenged self-esteem.
(423) 556-7520 View (423) 556-7520
Photo of Angela L Obear, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angela L Obear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with issues of grief and loss, trauma, abuse, life transition, guilt, shame, family conflict, relationship conflict, mood disorders, anxiety and depression, and codependency, etc.
The decision to come to counseling is an important step and I understand that participation in counseling is an incredibly brave act. My goal is to create a safe, comfortable space for you as we work together to find solutions, relief, and balance in your life. Through my own experiences in counseling and in counseling others, I have come to believe that hope, redemption, acceptance, and inner peace can become a part of every person's story. My approach to counseling is collaborative, holistic, and interactive.
I specialize in working with issues of grief and loss, trauma, abuse, life transition, guilt, shame, family conflict, relationship conflict, mood disorders, anxiety and depression, and codependency, etc.
The decision to come to counseling is an important step and I understand that participation in counseling is an incredibly brave act. My goal is to create a safe, comfortable space for you as we work together to find solutions, relief, and balance in your life. Through my own experiences in counseling and in counseling others, I have come to believe that hope, redemption, acceptance, and inner peace can become a part of every person's story. My approach to counseling is collaborative, holistic, and interactive.
(865) 234-3098 View (865) 234-3098
Photo of Grace Frazier, LPC, MHSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Grace Frazier
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771
I may be helpful to you if you struggle with anxiety, perfectionism, eating issues, depression, or relationship issues.
I work primarily with adolescents, college students, and young adults. I specialize in anxiety, depression, eating disorders, family issues, and dealing with life's difficult transitions. I view it as an honor to walk alongside others through pain in their journey toward growth and healing.
I may be helpful to you if you struggle with anxiety, perfectionism, eating issues, depression, or relationship issues.
I work primarily with adolescents, college students, and young adults. I specialize in anxiety, depression, eating disorders, family issues, and dealing with life's difficult transitions. I view it as an honor to walk alongside others through pain in their journey toward growth and healing.
(865) 205-6752 View (865) 205-6752
Photo of Shannon McBride, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shannon McBride
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel a little anxious, depressed or restless without quite knowing why? Maybe you know your role as a mom, dad, student, professional, etc.
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
Do you ever feel a little anxious, depressed or restless without quite knowing why? Maybe you know your role as a mom, dad, student, professional, etc.
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
(865) 324-0783 View (865) 324-0783
Photo of Elizabeth A Woodward, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth A Woodward
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
(865) 213-7707 View (865) 213-7707
Photo of Mary Helen Lyle-Joiner, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Helen Lyle-Joiner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Effective therapy calls for thoughtful approaches to suit your specific needs. I offer evidence based interventions and tools to build a safe, whole, and happy life. With mindful care, I help clients work through issues related to: anxiety, depression, trauma, violence, abuse, self-esteem, behavioral issues,anger management, reactive attachment, sexual maladaptive behavior, impulse control. I have over a decade of experience in mental health.
Effective therapy calls for thoughtful approaches to suit your specific needs. I offer evidence based interventions and tools to build a safe, whole, and happy life. With mindful care, I help clients work through issues related to: anxiety, depression, trauma, violence, abuse, self-esteem, behavioral issues,anger management, reactive attachment, sexual maladaptive behavior, impulse control. I have over a decade of experience in mental health.
(865) 816-3166 View (865) 816-3166
LifeStance Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Our team of psychiatrists, therapists, psychologists, and advanced practice nurses specializes in treating in a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, trauma, PTSD, and more.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Our team of psychiatrists, therapists, psychologists, and advanced practice nurses specializes in treating in a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, trauma, PTSD, and more.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(888) 404-1817 View (888) 404-1817
Photo of Kendra Hart, MHSP, LADAC 2, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kendra Hart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, LADAC 2
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Often times I work with grief/loss, addiction, trauma, anxiety, depression, adjustment, family, and more.
Life has brought you here and I believe it is for a reason. Are you ready to start your journey towards healing? I think you are! You have been suffering long enough. Whether you have been tormented by your anxiety, oppressed by your depression, lost in your addiction or felt unsafe from your trauma, I am here to help. Is anger or other uncomfortable emotions controlling your life? Maybe it's the deep pain from the sadness of losing someone you love? Do you want help to stop those racing thoughts? Or maybe you just feel stuck and unmotivated? You are certainly not alone and there are ways to help overcome your struggles.
Often times I work with grief/loss, addiction, trauma, anxiety, depression, adjustment, family, and more.
Life has brought you here and I believe it is for a reason. Are you ready to start your journey towards healing? I think you are! You have been suffering long enough. Whether you have been tormented by your anxiety, oppressed by your depression, lost in your addiction or felt unsafe from your trauma, I am here to help. Is anger or other uncomfortable emotions controlling your life? Maybe it's the deep pain from the sadness of losing someone you love? Do you want help to stop those racing thoughts? Or maybe you just feel stuck and unmotivated? You are certainly not alone and there are ways to help overcome your struggles.
(865) 217-2508 View (865) 217-2508
Photo of Shannon Hays, PSY, Psychologist
Shannon Hays
Psychologist, PSY
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Dr. Shannon K. Hays is a Psychologist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2001. Dr. Hays feels that her skills in assessment can provide valuable information to the treatment team and can aid in a comprehensive treatment plan for the client. Outside of work Dr. Hays enjoys reading, writing letters, concerts, the theater, museums, and spending time with her family and 4 cats.
Dr. Shannon K. Hays is a Psychologist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2001. Dr. Hays feels that her skills in assessment can provide valuable information to the treatment team and can aid in a comprehensive treatment plan for the client. Outside of work Dr. Hays enjoys reading, writing letters, concerts, the theater, museums, and spending time with her family and 4 cats.
(865) 346-3419 View (865) 346-3419
Photo of Carly Chwat, PhD,  PsyD-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carly Chwat
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, PsyD-R
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Carly is a dedicated Licensed Psychologist specializing in supporting individuals and families in identifying and addressing learning differences and neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD and Autism. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Psychology from The University of Georgia, complemented by a Master's in Applied Educational Psychology and a Ph.D. in School Psychology from The University of Tennessee. With over six years of hands-on experience in school-based settings, Carly has honed her expertise in conducting comprehensive evaluations and providing targeted therapeutic interventions.
Carly is a dedicated Licensed Psychologist specializing in supporting individuals and families in identifying and addressing learning differences and neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD and Autism. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Psychology from The University of Georgia, complemented by a Master's in Applied Educational Psychology and a Ph.D. in School Psychology from The University of Tennessee. With over six years of hands-on experience in school-based settings, Carly has honed her expertise in conducting comprehensive evaluations and providing targeted therapeutic interventions.
(865) 822-8119 View (865) 822-8119
Photo of Jamie Harvey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Harvey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37772
Jamie Harvey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2012. Jamie utilizes Cognitive Behavioral therapy and other evidence based therapeutic interventions in order to assist the client in processing the challenges that they have faced in their life. She offers a judgement free space to allow clients to heal and continue their journey. Outside of work, Jamie enjoys attending car shows, crafting, and spending time with her family. She loves to read, especially thriller/crimebased books.
Jamie Harvey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2012. Jamie utilizes Cognitive Behavioral therapy and other evidence based therapeutic interventions in order to assist the client in processing the challenges that they have faced in their life. She offers a judgement free space to allow clients to heal and continue their journey. Outside of work, Jamie enjoys attending car shows, crafting, and spending time with her family. She loves to read, especially thriller/crimebased books.
(865) 328-1625 View (865) 328-1625
Photo of Amy Hylton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Hylton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Trusting others can be difficult when you have been betrayed, neglected or abused. If you or your child is struggling with emotions or relationships, please allow me to help. By tailoring my interventions to your specific strengths and needs, we can work together to discover your potential and allow you to gain the peace and confidence that you need. This therapeutic relationship is non-judgmental and supportive of the unique person that you are.
Trusting others can be difficult when you have been betrayed, neglected or abused. If you or your child is struggling with emotions or relationships, please allow me to help. By tailoring my interventions to your specific strengths and needs, we can work together to discover your potential and allow you to gain the peace and confidence that you need. This therapeutic relationship is non-judgmental and supportive of the unique person that you are.
(865) 276-7889 View (865) 276-7889
Photo of Lauren F Baker, MEd, MSSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren F Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lenoir City, TN 37771  (Online Only)
As a trauma specialist working with both children and adults, I understand that traumatic experiences can profoundly impact individuals at any stage of life. My approach is tailored to meet the unique needs of each age group while recognizing the interconnected nature of family trauma. My work with children focuses on restoring a sense of safety, developing healthy coping mechanisms, and addressing trauma-related behavioral issues. For adults, we'll work together to safely process traumatic memories, understand and overcome trauma symptoms, and improve interpersonal relationships.
As a trauma specialist working with both children and adults, I understand that traumatic experiences can profoundly impact individuals at any stage of life. My approach is tailored to meet the unique needs of each age group while recognizing the interconnected nature of family trauma. My work with children focuses on restoring a sense of safety, developing healthy coping mechanisms, and addressing trauma-related behavioral issues. For adults, we'll work together to safely process traumatic memories, understand and overcome trauma symptoms, and improve interpersonal relationships.
(865) 503-5110 View (865) 503-5110
Photo of Terrene (Cartmill) Adkins, MA, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Terrene (Cartmill) Adkins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lenoir City, TN 37771
Life can be a fiery dart that can break our spirits and steal our joy, but I am here to tell you that we don’t have to stay broken forever. We were designed to foster and cultivate healthy, loving relationships with people. By walking side by side my clients, I will provide an individualized approach that is tailored to the particular needs of that client.
Life can be a fiery dart that can break our spirits and steal our joy, but I am here to tell you that we don’t have to stay broken forever. We were designed to foster and cultivate healthy, loving relationships with people. By walking side by side my clients, I will provide an individualized approach that is tailored to the particular needs of that client.
(319) 621-8099 View (319) 621-8099
1

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.