Depression Therapists in Gallatin, TN

Photo of Latrice A. Mcclorn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Latrice A. Mcclorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066  (Online Only)
Life is full of transitions. Experiencing growth and difficult times can be incredibly heavy and isolating. Imagine what life would look life if you prioritized your mental health. I specialize in different areas including: depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, relationship conflicts, career transitions, substance abuse, and more. I am also a Certified Anger Management Therapist.
Life is full of transitions. Experiencing growth and difficult times can be incredibly heavy and isolating. Imagine what life would look life if you prioritized your mental health. I specialize in different areas including: depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, relationship conflicts, career transitions, substance abuse, and more. I am also a Certified Anger Management Therapist.
(901) 446-3777 View (901) 446-3777
Photo of Barry Yeiser, LCSW, Counselor
Barry Yeiser
Counselor, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
I treat adults, couples and families through an interactive supportive counseling process. Many of the issues my client's encounter stem from relationship issues, depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, life adjustment, work stress, school, and behavioral problems. I have a realistic straightforward approach to addressing these situations.
I treat adults, couples and families through an interactive supportive counseling process. Many of the issues my client's encounter stem from relationship issues, depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, life adjustment, work stress, school, and behavioral problems. I have a realistic straightforward approach to addressing these situations.
(615) 590-3278 View (615) 590-3278
Photo of Leanne Hayes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leanne Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
Are you, your child, or teen experiencing challenges with emotions, behavior, or social skills? If so, let’s talk. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 10 + years of experience working in the mental health field. Helping people work toward positive change is what I love, and I specialize in working with children, adolescents, families, and young adults. I am experienced in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, anger, low self-esteem, and with working in the foster care system. My husband and I are blessed to be parents through adoption, and I enjoy working with adoptive families.
Are you, your child, or teen experiencing challenges with emotions, behavior, or social skills? If so, let’s talk. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 10 + years of experience working in the mental health field. Helping people work toward positive change is what I love, and I specialize in working with children, adolescents, families, and young adults. I am experienced in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, anger, low self-esteem, and with working in the foster care system. My husband and I are blessed to be parents through adoption, and I enjoy working with adoptive families.
(615) 632-6648 View (615) 632-6648
Photo of Sheree Rucker-Grafton, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheree Rucker-Grafton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
My experience is wide ranged; from Domestic Violence and the effects of trauma to grief & loss, identity challenges, anxiety, depression, stress management, parenting skills, and relationship/marital challenges.
NOW Accepting NEW Clients! My focus is helping client’s get through life challenges. I work alongside adults, couples, and families in a private practice setting. I use a multifaceted therapeutic approach as I believe that each individual is unique & diverse; so, their treatment should reflect their needs. I have a passion for bridging gaps across generations and repairing existing generational cycles. As I have a strong belief that childhood experiences not only affect us as individuals, but also the relationships that we create with others.
My experience is wide ranged; from Domestic Violence and the effects of trauma to grief & loss, identity challenges, anxiety, depression, stress management, parenting skills, and relationship/marital challenges.
NOW Accepting NEW Clients! My focus is helping client’s get through life challenges. I work alongside adults, couples, and families in a private practice setting. I use a multifaceted therapeutic approach as I believe that each individual is unique & diverse; so, their treatment should reflect their needs. I have a passion for bridging gaps across generations and repairing existing generational cycles. As I have a strong belief that childhood experiences not only affect us as individuals, but also the relationships that we create with others.
(615) 326-6732 View (615) 326-6732
Photo of Ashley Chastain, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Chastain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066  (Online Only)
She has experience working with clients diagnosed with bipolar, depression, and anxiety.
Ashley is an empathetic and open-minded therapist who aims to walk alongside clients in their healing journey, always remembering that clients are the experts of their own stories. She strives to create a safe space where meaningful work can occur collaboratively, and clients can work toward improving their mental health and learn to cope with life’s stressors in healthy ways.
She has experience working with clients diagnosed with bipolar, depression, and anxiety.
Ashley is an empathetic and open-minded therapist who aims to walk alongside clients in their healing journey, always remembering that clients are the experts of their own stories. She strives to create a safe space where meaningful work can occur collaboratively, and clients can work toward improving their mental health and learn to cope with life’s stressors in healthy ways.
(629) 356-2244 View (629) 356-2244
Photo of Christi Henderson, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christi Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
I specialize in processing/working through internal pain and confusion, depression, anxiety, trauma/childhood trauma, codependency.
Yes! Am accepting new clients :) Are you feeling stuck in your healing process? Do you want to learn new ways to solve problems, manage stress, express emotions and improve self-esteem? My first goal as a clinician is to cultivate a warm, friendly and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment that will help you reach your treatment goals. Through building a strong, collaborative relationship with you, I hope to empower you to develop more effective strategies to cope with whatever brings you to therapy. Let's together on this journey as you succeed in making real changes in your life.
I specialize in processing/working through internal pain and confusion, depression, anxiety, trauma/childhood trauma, codependency.
Yes! Am accepting new clients :) Are you feeling stuck in your healing process? Do you want to learn new ways to solve problems, manage stress, express emotions and improve self-esteem? My first goal as a clinician is to cultivate a warm, friendly and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment that will help you reach your treatment goals. Through building a strong, collaborative relationship with you, I hope to empower you to develop more effective strategies to cope with whatever brings you to therapy. Let's together on this journey as you succeed in making real changes in your life.
(615) 590-3346 View (615) 590-3346
Photo of April Bowen Harrison, LSPE, HSP
April Bowen Harrison
LSPE, HSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
I enjoy working with a variety of ages and have a passion for helping others with anxiety, depression, trauma, women's issues (including postpartum), adjustment to life changes, and stress management. My approach includes cognitive-behavioral methods, EMDR, and mindfulness along with support and laughter.
I enjoy working with a variety of ages and have a passion for helping others with anxiety, depression, trauma, women's issues (including postpartum), adjustment to life changes, and stress management. My approach includes cognitive-behavioral methods, EMDR, and mindfulness along with support and laughter.
(615) 510-1440 View (615) 510-1440
Photo of Jessica Miner, MA, Counselor
Jessica Miner
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
One of my greatest passions is helping people who are struggling in life especially people who don't find help or an advocate as easily. I specialize in different disorders concentrating on depression and anxiety and working with autism and ADHD. I want to provide a safe environment for anyone that I am working with where they can feel connected and cared for. Connection will lead to a more authentic opportunity of growth and working together towards people's goals.
One of my greatest passions is helping people who are struggling in life especially people who don't find help or an advocate as easily. I specialize in different disorders concentrating on depression and anxiety and working with autism and ADHD. I want to provide a safe environment for anyone that I am working with where they can feel connected and cared for. Connection will lead to a more authentic opportunity of growth and working together towards people's goals.
(629) 209-8764 View (629) 209-8764
Maghan Eversmith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
Hello! I enjoy working with a wide array of people. Clients who are motivated to make change, even in the smallest steps. Whether struggling with anxiety or depression, focus or self-esteem, working together to set goals and find what works best for the client. I focus on anxiety and depression, with training in CBT and TFCBT. I have worked with a number of mental health issues and worked along side each client to determine what fits best for them to see growth, change and ultimately healthy decision making in any stage of life. I welcome any questions, please reach out via the number provided or by email.
Hello! I enjoy working with a wide array of people. Clients who are motivated to make change, even in the smallest steps. Whether struggling with anxiety or depression, focus or self-esteem, working together to set goals and find what works best for the client. I focus on anxiety and depression, with training in CBT and TFCBT. I have worked with a number of mental health issues and worked along side each client to determine what fits best for them to see growth, change and ultimately healthy decision making in any stage of life. I welcome any questions, please reach out via the number provided or by email.
(615) 637-3608 View (615) 637-3608
Photo of Laurie Jackson - New Beginnings Counseling Services, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
New Beginnings Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
As a therapist who uses strength based and systematic approaches, I assist individuals, families, pre-teens, adolescents, and adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, anger, low self esteem, Trauma, Mood Disorder, and Eating Disorders/disordered eating.
A decision to seek therapy can be a dubious and frightening process, and taking that initial step can be challenging. As the founder of New Beginnings Counseling Services, I understand this dynamic, and my desire is to help you take that step in a warm, accepting, and inviting environment. My goal is to partner with you and guide you through this season of life as you courageously journey towards your new beginning.
As a therapist who uses strength based and systematic approaches, I assist individuals, families, pre-teens, adolescents, and adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, anger, low self esteem, Trauma, Mood Disorder, and Eating Disorders/disordered eating.
A decision to seek therapy can be a dubious and frightening process, and taking that initial step can be challenging. As the founder of New Beginnings Counseling Services, I understand this dynamic, and my desire is to help you take that step in a warm, accepting, and inviting environment. My goal is to partner with you and guide you through this season of life as you courageously journey towards your new beginning.
(615) 265-1803 View (615) 265-1803
Photo of Rodney Helton, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rodney Helton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
Specializing in individual therapy, Rodney is passionate about addressing substance abuse, men's issues, and midlife transitions. He is particularly adept at helping clients navigate complex challenges related to sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and grief. Rodney’s expertise extends to supporting individuals with ADHD, gender identity concerns, and alcohol and drug use. His dedication to providing effective treatment is reflected in his use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a proven intervention that helps clients develop healthier thought patterns and behaviors.
Specializing in individual therapy, Rodney is passionate about addressing substance abuse, men's issues, and midlife transitions. He is particularly adept at helping clients navigate complex challenges related to sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and grief. Rodney’s expertise extends to supporting individuals with ADHD, gender identity concerns, and alcohol and drug use. His dedication to providing effective treatment is reflected in his use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a proven intervention that helps clients develop healthier thought patterns and behaviors.
(629) 260-4449 View (629) 260-4449
Photo of Crystal Fondren, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Fondren
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
She enjoys helping clients work to lessen their symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Crystal Fondren is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Service Provider, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee with a Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Crystal believes in providing a safe space for her clients to feel comfortable to open up with her. She is an excellent listener and can provide a deep range of interventions ranging from psychoeducation to high-level trauma interventions and reprocessing. Crystal's approach to treatment incorporates exploration of thoughts and behavioral patterns leading to deeper self-awareness.
She enjoys helping clients work to lessen their symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Crystal Fondren is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Service Provider, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee with a Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Crystal believes in providing a safe space for her clients to feel comfortable to open up with her. She is an excellent listener and can provide a deep range of interventions ranging from psychoeducation to high-level trauma interventions and reprocessing. Crystal's approach to treatment incorporates exploration of thoughts and behavioral patterns leading to deeper self-awareness.
(865) 345-5187 View (865) 345-5187
Photo of Leslie Halpern, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leslie Halpern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
Leslie graduated from the Master of Science in Social Work (MSSW) program at the University of Tennessee in 2011. She is currently a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LMSW) with the state of Tennessee. She works with individuals ages 16 and up, as well as family units. Leslie specializes in working with individuals who have experienced trauma and offers a judgment free environment to process even the most difficult events. She is skilled in helping to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression, attachment concerns, behavioral challenges, and the stress associated with chronic illness.
Leslie graduated from the Master of Science in Social Work (MSSW) program at the University of Tennessee in 2011. She is currently a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LMSW) with the state of Tennessee. She works with individuals ages 16 and up, as well as family units. Leslie specializes in working with individuals who have experienced trauma and offers a judgment free environment to process even the most difficult events. She is skilled in helping to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression, attachment concerns, behavioral challenges, and the stress associated with chronic illness.
(615) 805-6819 View (615) 805-6819
Photo of Jonathon Nixon, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jonathon Nixon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
My focus is helping you better understand your depression to create different outcomes that will boost your mood.
It's the most wonderful time of the year! Except for those suffering from seasonal depression. There is a reason why most therapists become full during the holiday season and it's not because they are taking time off for the holidays. Its because all the stress that comes with the end of the year tends to amplify the negative association on can make against there identity when it comes to keeping up with bills, family expectations, career expectations, health and diet - all of which can be a heavy tax against your own personal wellness.
My focus is helping you better understand your depression to create different outcomes that will boost your mood.
It's the most wonderful time of the year! Except for those suffering from seasonal depression. There is a reason why most therapists become full during the holiday season and it's not because they are taking time off for the holidays. Its because all the stress that comes with the end of the year tends to amplify the negative association on can make against there identity when it comes to keeping up with bills, family expectations, career expectations, health and diet - all of which can be a heavy tax against your own personal wellness.
(615) 991-6231 View (615) 991-6231
Photo of Lucy Sweeney, PsyD, Psychologist
Lucy Sweeney
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
Waitlist for new clients
Depression, anxiety, family and relationship issues, divorce, trauma, parenting, and adoption are some areas of my experience.
You are taking a positive step by researching therapists to find one who will be a good match. Therapy is a collaborative process, so it's important to find a qualified therapist who will also be compatible. If you contact me, we would first talk on the phone, and if that seems promising, meet for an initial consultation. We would discuss more in depth your concerns, your goals, and then develop a therapy plan together, suited to your situation. I will select the interventions that will be most helpful, give you feedback, and try to facilitate open communication.
Depression, anxiety, family and relationship issues, divorce, trauma, parenting, and adoption are some areas of my experience.
You are taking a positive step by researching therapists to find one who will be a good match. Therapy is a collaborative process, so it's important to find a qualified therapist who will also be compatible. If you contact me, we would first talk on the phone, and if that seems promising, meet for an initial consultation. We would discuss more in depth your concerns, your goals, and then develop a therapy plan together, suited to your situation. I will select the interventions that will be most helpful, give you feedback, and try to facilitate open communication.
(615) 538-0046 View (615) 538-0046
Photo of Lisa L Frady, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa L Frady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, children, families and couples who face domestic violence, co-dependency, depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ, parenting, loss/grief, divorce, anger management, family dysfunction, blending families, and military life style/reintegration.
Many therapists like myself venture into the mental health field motivated by their own experiences. Growing up in a family that struggled with addictions, grief/loss, co-dependency, violence and dysfunction, I existed in life feeling lonely, worthless, and empty for too many years. I turned my life upside down and reconstructed my life based upon me as I was truly created. Living life whole, as a spiritually connected being, brought me to love, accept and respect myself. In this place LIFE IS GOOD! I know the path that leads to this place.
I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, children, families and couples who face domestic violence, co-dependency, depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ, parenting, loss/grief, divorce, anger management, family dysfunction, blending families, and military life style/reintegration.
Many therapists like myself venture into the mental health field motivated by their own experiences. Growing up in a family that struggled with addictions, grief/loss, co-dependency, violence and dysfunction, I existed in life feeling lonely, worthless, and empty for too many years. I turned my life upside down and reconstructed my life based upon me as I was truly created. Living life whole, as a spiritually connected being, brought me to love, accept and respect myself. In this place LIFE IS GOOD! I know the path that leads to this place.
(615) 709-9511 View (615) 709-9511
Photo of Ben Roberts, DMin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ben Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMin, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066  (Online Only)
Couples come to me to heal from challenges such as infidelity, poor communication with spouse, and loss of intimacy. They seek to regain closeness with their significant others and rebuild their families. Some clients seek tools to help manage feelings of anxiety and depression individually. With over 30+years of experience I want to be helpful for you, your marriage, and your family. The majority of people I serve include: Couples, Veterans, and individuals dealing with feelings of anxiety and depression.
Couples come to me to heal from challenges such as infidelity, poor communication with spouse, and loss of intimacy. They seek to regain closeness with their significant others and rebuild their families. Some clients seek tools to help manage feelings of anxiety and depression individually. With over 30+years of experience I want to be helpful for you, your marriage, and your family. The majority of people I serve include: Couples, Veterans, and individuals dealing with feelings of anxiety and depression.
(615) 570-4218 View (615) 570-4218
Photo of Keiara Marsh-Cartwright @ Tennessee Mental Wellness, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Keiara Marsh-Cartwright @ Tennessee Mental Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
Depression, Anxiety, Family/Relationship Stressors, Trauma, Codependency, the list could go on and we all struggle with many of them.
Feeling stuck? If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or stuck in negative relationship patterns, I can help! I specialize in empowering perfectionist, overachieving women learn self-acceptance and resilience. I help postpartum women heal emotionally. I help anxious teens navigate life's challenges, fostering growth and healing. Additionally, I help couples reignite intimacy and communication, fostering stronger connections and happier relationships. Through evidence-based techniques and a non-judgmental space, I help clients thrive!
Depression, Anxiety, Family/Relationship Stressors, Trauma, Codependency, the list could go on and we all struggle with many of them.
Feeling stuck? If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or stuck in negative relationship patterns, I can help! I specialize in empowering perfectionist, overachieving women learn self-acceptance and resilience. I help postpartum women heal emotionally. I help anxious teens navigate life's challenges, fostering growth and healing. Additionally, I help couples reignite intimacy and communication, fostering stronger connections and happier relationships. Through evidence-based techniques and a non-judgmental space, I help clients thrive!
(615) 219-2654 View (615) 219-2654
Photo of Anthony L Witt - Witthouse Counseling, LPCT, CBHC, CAMS-I, Counselor
Witthouse Counseling
Counselor, LPCT, CBHC, CAMS-I
Verified Verified
Gallatin, TN 37066
As a clinical mental health counselor, I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate challenges like identity, anxiety, depression, career, perfectionism, and conflict. My approach is comprehensive and tailored to each client. I believe in recognizing each person's uniqueness and avoid one-size-fits-all methods. Instead, I take the time to understand your specific needs, concerns, and goals, offering a personalized strategy to foster resilience and long-term growth.
As a clinical mental health counselor, I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate challenges like identity, anxiety, depression, career, perfectionism, and conflict. My approach is comprehensive and tailored to each client. I believe in recognizing each person's uniqueness and avoid one-size-fits-all methods. Instead, I take the time to understand your specific needs, concerns, and goals, offering a personalized strategy to foster resilience and long-term growth.
(615) 552-1416 View (615) 552-1416
Photo of Angela T. Jackson, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela T. Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gallatin, TN 37066
If you are experiencing feelings of shock, anxiety, guilt, shame and depression, allow me to address these emotions with empathy and care. Life can be difficult to adjust to when changes take place around you that feel "out of your control". I can help you sort your thoughts and behaviors to regain stability in your life. I use a person-centered approach to build rapport and strengthen a therapeutic relationship during a time that is challenging to you and often times scary. Give me the opportunity to help minimize panic and distress.
If you are experiencing feelings of shock, anxiety, guilt, shame and depression, allow me to address these emotions with empathy and care. Life can be difficult to adjust to when changes take place around you that feel "out of your control". I can help you sort your thoughts and behaviors to regain stability in your life. I use a person-centered approach to build rapport and strengthen a therapeutic relationship during a time that is challenging to you and often times scary. Give me the opportunity to help minimize panic and distress.
(615) 471-6920 View (615) 471-6920
1
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.