Existential Therapists in Antioch, TN

Photo of Mark Alan Fuqua, LMSW, ThM, MDiv, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Alan Fuqua
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ThM, MDiv
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
I conduct therapy around an existential framework and from a strengths-based perspective, both of which guide in choosing the clients I work best with and the therapeutic approach I take with them.
Choosing a therapist can be one of the most difficult decisions we ever make. So many to choose from, and questions abound: "Is he qualified?" "You know, she's qualified BUT is she going to know how to help me and my particular situation." One of the most important relationships we can have in life, but, so often, we just arbitrarily choose someone in a listing based on insurance, their hair, or some other arbitrary element. Although I certainly believe intuition plays a role, we But we must do our due diligence in making sure we ask the right questions and seek the right information.
I conduct therapy around an existential framework and from a strengths-based perspective, both of which guide in choosing the clients I work best with and the therapeutic approach I take with them.
Choosing a therapist can be one of the most difficult decisions we ever make. So many to choose from, and questions abound: "Is he qualified?" "You know, she's qualified BUT is she going to know how to help me and my particular situation." One of the most important relationships we can have in life, but, so often, we just arbitrarily choose someone in a listing based on insurance, their hair, or some other arbitrary element. Although I certainly believe intuition plays a role, we But we must do our due diligence in making sure we ask the right questions and seek the right information.
(629) 205-3404 View (629) 205-3404
Photo of Charles Cobble, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charles Cobble
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
I am Charles Cobble a licensed clinical social worker offering therapy services that are tailored to the individual needs of each client. I am a proud Army Veteran, who served as a mental health provider to over 1500 soldiers in Kuwait. I have worked extensively in the Veteran and LGBTQ+ community. I am passionate about improving mental health. I work with adults who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief or any other issue. We will work together to find the best therapeutic approach for you and help you develop the skills and mindset to find relief and the courage to make changes in your life.
I am Charles Cobble a licensed clinical social worker offering therapy services that are tailored to the individual needs of each client. I am a proud Army Veteran, who served as a mental health provider to over 1500 soldiers in Kuwait. I have worked extensively in the Veteran and LGBTQ+ community. I am passionate about improving mental health. I work with adults who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief or any other issue. We will work together to find the best therapeutic approach for you and help you develop the skills and mindset to find relief and the courage to make changes in your life.
(615) 570-3901 View (615) 570-3901
Photo of Amy Cole, MS, LPC, MHSP, S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Cole
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, S
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
Why does everyone else seem happier than me?" "I should be further along than I am." "I'm so frustrated!" Sometimes these are our thoughts-no judgment from me! I understand these challenges. Whether related to stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or overall life satisfaction, you're not alone. It's a normal part of life. I'm committed to helping you identify solutions and a plan to facilitate hope, authenticity, and happiness. I want you to find meaning and direction for your life. I provide openness for you to express your concerns and see the obstacles that may be keeping you from a happier, more fulfilling life.
Why does everyone else seem happier than me?" "I should be further along than I am." "I'm so frustrated!" Sometimes these are our thoughts-no judgment from me! I understand these challenges. Whether related to stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or overall life satisfaction, you're not alone. It's a normal part of life. I'm committed to helping you identify solutions and a plan to facilitate hope, authenticity, and happiness. I want you to find meaning and direction for your life. I provide openness for you to express your concerns and see the obstacles that may be keeping you from a happier, more fulfilling life.
(615) 640-3729 View (615) 640-3729
Photo of Cherilyn Padgett, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Cherilyn Padgett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
My name is Cherilyn Padgett, and I am a licensed professional counselor based in Tennessee. As a therapist my desire is to listen, meet you where you are, understand your goals and support and guidance on your journey. I believe the past shapes the present but does not have to define the future. Using an integrative approach of combining complementary aspects of different counseling theories I tailor treatment plans specific to you and your needs. I draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
My name is Cherilyn Padgett, and I am a licensed professional counselor based in Tennessee. As a therapist my desire is to listen, meet you where you are, understand your goals and support and guidance on your journey. I believe the past shapes the present but does not have to define the future. Using an integrative approach of combining complementary aspects of different counseling theories I tailor treatment plans specific to you and your needs. I draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
(629) 218-3886 View (629) 218-3886
Photo of Brianna Heitmann, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Brianna Heitmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
My name is Brianna Heitmann, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I provide a warm, compassionate, and accepting approach, emphasizing humanistic principles. I believe you have everything you need within you to heal yourself. My role as a therapist is to help guide you to discover your own unique capabilities and qualities so you can connect with your inner self and live a mentally healthier life. I have notable experience working with adults who have anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and trauma.
My name is Brianna Heitmann, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I provide a warm, compassionate, and accepting approach, emphasizing humanistic principles. I believe you have everything you need within you to heal yourself. My role as a therapist is to help guide you to discover your own unique capabilities and qualities so you can connect with your inner self and live a mentally healthier life. I have notable experience working with adults who have anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and trauma.
(629) 302-1507 View (629) 302-1507
Photo of Ira Helderman, PhD, LPC, Counselor
Ira Helderman
Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
Together we will find the right path, and right set of practical tools, to help you overcome obstacles and become your best self. After over a decade-and-a-half working in mental health, I am skilled in the latest, evidence-based therapies available (e.g., Relational Mindfulness and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy). But no single approach works for all people at all times and, remaining flexible, we will create a safe therapeutic environment with the best combination of techniques that works for you. So many different psychotherapies exist today because there is no one approach that works at all times.
Together we will find the right path, and right set of practical tools, to help you overcome obstacles and become your best self. After over a decade-and-a-half working in mental health, I am skilled in the latest, evidence-based therapies available (e.g., Relational Mindfulness and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy). But no single approach works for all people at all times and, remaining flexible, we will create a safe therapeutic environment with the best combination of techniques that works for you. So many different psychotherapies exist today because there is no one approach that works at all times.
(615) 763-3960 View (615) 763-3960
Photo of Jazzmin Cohen Psyd, MA, PsyD, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Jazzmin Cohen Psyd
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Antioch, TN 37013
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples on various issues. Some of the specific areas I excel at are with clients looking to conquer life's obstacles caused by trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. During our time together, I will create a supportive environment and assist you in establishing goals and skills needed to achieve your desired lifestyle.
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples on various issues. Some of the specific areas I excel at are with clients looking to conquer life's obstacles caused by trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. During our time together, I will create a supportive environment and assist you in establishing goals and skills needed to achieve your desired lifestyle.
(615) 909-2384 View (615) 909-2384
Photo of Ronnie Horns, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ronnie Horns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
Fabolous once stated "I am a movement by myself, but I am a force when we're together". I am looking to assist individuals ready to become a force. Willing to become the pioneers of their lives and take full control of their destiny. I am a true believer that when equipped with the right knowledge and resources individuals can overcome any obstacle faced. I will aid as a support providing therapeutic tools and evidence-based practices. Most of the people I have assisted come from vulnerable populations impacted by poverty, incarceration, substance use, and all other forms of abuse.
Fabolous once stated "I am a movement by myself, but I am a force when we're together". I am looking to assist individuals ready to become a force. Willing to become the pioneers of their lives and take full control of their destiny. I am a true believer that when equipped with the right knowledge and resources individuals can overcome any obstacle faced. I will aid as a support providing therapeutic tools and evidence-based practices. Most of the people I have assisted come from vulnerable populations impacted by poverty, incarceration, substance use, and all other forms of abuse.
(615) 857-3447 View (615) 857-3447
Photo of Jordan Destiny Pruett, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordan Destiny Pruett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37011  (Online Only)
Looking inward can be scary, which is why it is done as a team of both the client and therapist, working toward your identified goals. Here you learn how to help yourself. Striking consistentcy and balance in life is often difficult when the pattern has been alternating between extremes. This can change. With a background in residential treatment, Jordan has skill working with resistant clientele. She is currently licensed as an LPC-MHSP since August of 2019.
Looking inward can be scary, which is why it is done as a team of both the client and therapist, working toward your identified goals. Here you learn how to help yourself. Striking consistentcy and balance in life is often difficult when the pattern has been alternating between extremes. This can change. With a background in residential treatment, Jordan has skill working with resistant clientele. She is currently licensed as an LPC-MHSP since August of 2019.
(865) 745-6833 View (865) 745-6833
Photo of Benjamin Holmes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Holmes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Antioch, TN 37013
"The best way to predict the future is to create it." That statement is at the heart of therapy. So often we are defined by what has happened to us and we get stuck living in a space filled with regret, heartache and frustration. You don't have to live in that space. Your current search for a therapist is a wonderfully bold and courageous step toward creating your future. The role of a therapist is to help you unlock your innate ability to heal, forgive, grow and prosper in the life you wish to build.
"The best way to predict the future is to create it." That statement is at the heart of therapy. So often we are defined by what has happened to us and we get stuck living in a space filled with regret, heartache and frustration. You don't have to live in that space. Your current search for a therapist is a wonderfully bold and courageous step toward creating your future. The role of a therapist is to help you unlock your innate ability to heal, forgive, grow and prosper in the life you wish to build.
(615) 265-1682 View (615) 265-1682
Photo of Andrea Santa Maria, MA, LPC, MHSP, C-DBT, Counselor
Andrea Santa Maria
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, C-DBT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Antioch, TN 37013
So often do I hear women and girls searching for a new or more active approach to therapy, where they can learn skills and effectively meet their goals. My approach to therapy is just that. I help women and girls unlock their true potential in therapy by providing a space that is filled with energy, authenticity, and hands-on work. The work I do is dynamic and active, as I believe tangible resources are key to effective therapeutic work. My goal is to create a relatable and modern approach to therapy as we work to break negative patterns, gain self-awareness, and learn new ways to cope with past events and current stresses.
So often do I hear women and girls searching for a new or more active approach to therapy, where they can learn skills and effectively meet their goals. My approach to therapy is just that. I help women and girls unlock their true potential in therapy by providing a space that is filled with energy, authenticity, and hands-on work. The work I do is dynamic and active, as I believe tangible resources are key to effective therapeutic work. My goal is to create a relatable and modern approach to therapy as we work to break negative patterns, gain self-awareness, and learn new ways to cope with past events and current stresses.
(615) 697-4776 View (615) 697-4776
Photo of Christopher Nickson, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christopher Nickson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Antioch, TN 37013  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes, it seems there isn't anyone to call. No friend can articulate a plausible explanation, alternative, or direction for what you are experiencing. The loneliness you feel on the inside, no matter how many people are around you daily, leads you to feel isolated even when you are a part of the crowd. Even when you do try to express, it is difficult for you to open up as the depths of your distress make you consider and reconsider how much you should share. You feel like you cannot come up with the answer and you're tired. All you desire is perspective and progress. All you want is to feel adequate, competent, and accomplished.
Sometimes, it seems there isn't anyone to call. No friend can articulate a plausible explanation, alternative, or direction for what you are experiencing. The loneliness you feel on the inside, no matter how many people are around you daily, leads you to feel isolated even when you are a part of the crowd. Even when you do try to express, it is difficult for you to open up as the depths of your distress make you consider and reconsider how much you should share. You feel like you cannot come up with the answer and you're tired. All you desire is perspective and progress. All you want is to feel adequate, competent, and accomplished.
(615) 471-6156 View (615) 471-6156

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Angela Hart, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Angela Hart
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Brentwood, TN 37027
I'm also keen to work with existential issues around life, death, spiritual journeys and suicidal ideation.
I've been in private practice for over 15 years and enjoy diversity in my office. My approach is really dependent on my clients unique needs. I would describe myself as caring and direct and have been told by my clients that my challenges to them are as beneficial as my empathy towards them. My hope is to sit with people in a focused, loving and generative way, helping my clients move towards a deeper sense of vitality, self-awareness and authenticity.
I'm also keen to work with existential issues around life, death, spiritual journeys and suicidal ideation.
I've been in private practice for over 15 years and enjoy diversity in my office. My approach is really dependent on my clients unique needs. I would describe myself as caring and direct and have been told by my clients that my challenges to them are as beneficial as my empathy towards them. My hope is to sit with people in a focused, loving and generative way, helping my clients move towards a deeper sense of vitality, self-awareness and authenticity.
(615) 669-0945 View (615) 669-0945
Photo of Joash Koh, TLMFT, MMFT, MAPC, EFT-C, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Joash Koh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, TLMFT, MMFT, MAPC, EFT-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37211  (Online Only)
My approach is grounded in emotion-focused, attachment-based modalities and integrates somatic experiencing, blending existential and spiritual philosophies.
I curate my sessions to help you navigate these difficulties, allowing you to live with a greater sense of safety, connection, and satisfaction. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in relationships and intimacy. With years of clinical experience, I help clients to heal from anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, feeling stuck, or relationship issues, including infidelity, complex trauma, and abuse. I have many years of clinical experience working with diverse individuals and couples. My clients love my authenticity and healing space to nourish and grow in a safe space that aligns with their goals and values.
My approach is grounded in emotion-focused, attachment-based modalities and integrates somatic experiencing, blending existential and spiritual philosophies.
I curate my sessions to help you navigate these difficulties, allowing you to live with a greater sense of safety, connection, and satisfaction. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in relationships and intimacy. With years of clinical experience, I help clients to heal from anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, feeling stuck, or relationship issues, including infidelity, complex trauma, and abuse. I have many years of clinical experience working with diverse individuals and couples. My clients love my authenticity and healing space to nourish and grow in a safe space that aligns with their goals and values.
(615) 845-6236 View (615) 845-6236
Photo of Madison Fisher, LPC, NCC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madison Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Are you exhausted by racing thoughts? Are you longing for space to process your emotions and thoughts without fear of judgment? Are nervous and on edge, but you don't know why? I work with individuals and groups experiencing anxiety, depression, family concerns, maternal mental health challenges, parenting challenges, grief and loss, trauma, relationship challenges, existential concerns, and life transitions.
Are you exhausted by racing thoughts? Are you longing for space to process your emotions and thoughts without fear of judgment? Are nervous and on edge, but you don't know why? I work with individuals and groups experiencing anxiety, depression, family concerns, maternal mental health challenges, parenting challenges, grief and loss, trauma, relationship challenges, existential concerns, and life transitions.
(615) 552-0519 View (615) 552-0519
Photo of Zach Bryant, PhD, Psychologist
Zach Bryant
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
In a nutshell, my work is influenced by psychodynamic and existential theories and draws upon modern analytic, cognitive behavioral and Ericksonian strategies.
Thank you for your interest in my practice. Choosing the right therapist is undoubtably an important decision. In fact, research has demonstrated that which therapist you work with matters far more than the techniques or approach he or she employs. I work with adults of all ages and am especially drawn to helping people who are open-minded, motivated and eager to learn. I have a passion for helping people improve their relationships (both with themselves and others), and I also love working with people in therapy groups.
In a nutshell, my work is influenced by psychodynamic and existential theories and draws upon modern analytic, cognitive behavioral and Ericksonian strategies.
Thank you for your interest in my practice. Choosing the right therapist is undoubtably an important decision. In fact, research has demonstrated that which therapist you work with matters far more than the techniques or approach he or she employs. I work with adults of all ages and am especially drawn to helping people who are open-minded, motivated and eager to learn. I have a passion for helping people improve their relationships (both with themselves and others), and I also love working with people in therapy groups.
(615) 249-7471 View (615) 249-7471
Photo of David Montgomery Harb, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
David Montgomery Harb
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
21 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
My areas of special focus include contemporary relationships, high-conflict couples, entertainment industry stressors, creative blocks and artistic inspiration, sex therapy, mood and personality disorders, as well as spiritual and existential crisis.
Hi, I’m David. As the founder and clinical director of Nashville Therapy Group, I can match you with a gifted therapist who is the best fit for your unique needs, or if you think we’re the right fit, we can work together as you make your way towards lasting positive change. As your therapist, we’ll explore your thoughts and feelings, and I’ll offer a fresh perspective using the latest evidence-based interventions. We will identify your potential for growth and challenge the beliefs and behaviors that keep you and your loved ones from experiencing happiness, harmony, and health.
My areas of special focus include contemporary relationships, high-conflict couples, entertainment industry stressors, creative blocks and artistic inspiration, sex therapy, mood and personality disorders, as well as spiritual and existential crisis.
Hi, I’m David. As the founder and clinical director of Nashville Therapy Group, I can match you with a gifted therapist who is the best fit for your unique needs, or if you think we’re the right fit, we can work together as you make your way towards lasting positive change. As your therapist, we’ll explore your thoughts and feelings, and I’ll offer a fresh perspective using the latest evidence-based interventions. We will identify your potential for growth and challenge the beliefs and behaviors that keep you and your loved ones from experiencing happiness, harmony, and health.
(615) 697-4781 View (615) 697-4781
Photo of Jennifer Mason, PhD, Psychologist
Jennifer Mason
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Waitlist for new clients
My therapeutic stance is rooted in existential-humanistic philosophy, attachment, and developmental theory.
Navigating life’s inherent difficulties can be challenging. Sometimes therapy can help. From confronting issues such as loss/grief, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal problems, to facing significant life decisions or struggling with marital/relationship concerns, many factors can prevent any of us from engaging in our lives more fully. Whether you are new to therapy or you're returning to work through a new or lingering issue, creating a safe place to explore, understand, and respond to your concerns is crucial. Utilizing warmth and transparency, I hope to cultivate a trusting partnership with you.
My therapeutic stance is rooted in existential-humanistic philosophy, attachment, and developmental theory.
Navigating life’s inherent difficulties can be challenging. Sometimes therapy can help. From confronting issues such as loss/grief, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal problems, to facing significant life decisions or struggling with marital/relationship concerns, many factors can prevent any of us from engaging in our lives more fully. Whether you are new to therapy or you're returning to work through a new or lingering issue, creating a safe place to explore, understand, and respond to your concerns is crucial. Utilizing warmth and transparency, I hope to cultivate a trusting partnership with you.
(615) 247-6923 View (615) 247-6923
Photo of Marissa Smarto, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marissa Smarto
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, MEd
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214
I take a relational, trauma-informed approach to therapy and integrate existential, attachment, and mindfulness-based modalities.
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
I take a relational, trauma-informed approach to therapy and integrate existential, attachment, and mindfulness-based modalities.
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
(615) 471-7011 View (615) 471-7011
Photo of Lindsay E Vaughn - Hazel House, PLLC / Lindsay E. Vaughn, PsyD, Psychologist
Hazel House, PLLC / Lindsay E. Vaughn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
We also help with preventative self-care, life transitions, and existential dilemmas, like discovering your purpose.
Many clients come to us after feeling stuck in talk therapy. Talking about your problems is helpful, but sometimes you need more! If you are ready to take your healing to the next level, please reach out! We integrate somatic and experiential therapies, such as EMDR, Brainspotting, Hypnotherapy, IFS, psychodrama, nature therapy, ketamine-assisted therapy, Neurofeedback, holistic health coaching, and more, to go deeper, so you can truly heal from past experiences. There are no quick fixes - there is only the journey to truly know, love, and care for yourself, and our team of expert therapists is ready to take the journey with you.
We also help with preventative self-care, life transitions, and existential dilemmas, like discovering your purpose.
Many clients come to us after feeling stuck in talk therapy. Talking about your problems is helpful, but sometimes you need more! If you are ready to take your healing to the next level, please reach out! We integrate somatic and experiential therapies, such as EMDR, Brainspotting, Hypnotherapy, IFS, psychodrama, nature therapy, ketamine-assisted therapy, Neurofeedback, holistic health coaching, and more, to go deeper, so you can truly heal from past experiences. There are no quick fixes - there is only the journey to truly know, love, and care for yourself, and our team of expert therapists is ready to take the journey with you.
(615) 751-8303 View (615) 751-8303
Existential Therapists

How does existential therapy work?

Existential therapy focuses on a patient’s inner experiences. The therapist tries to help the individual comprehend and alleviate symptoms by exploring their interior life. By confronting negative disquiet and emotions, the individual will hopefully become more open to finding meaning and purpose. This therapy can be administered to individuals or groups.

Is existential therapy evidence-based?

Existential therapy is an evidence-based practice. Research has determined that existential therapy can lead to significant improvement in the mental health of patients, and for some people it can be just as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy. The benefits of existential therapy are enduring, even long after treatment has ended.

How long does existential therapy last?

The goal of existential therapy is to understand a person’s internal experiences, which may sound like a lengthy process, but it does not have to be so in-depth. However, sessions are not short-term, and therapy can continue for months or up to a year. And because patients learn the theory behind existential therapy during treatment, they can also practice its tenets throughout life after therapy sessions have been completed.

Is existential therapy effective?

According to research, many patients find success with existential therapy. Researchers note that the therapy is particularly useful in improving feelings of isolation, feelings of purposelessness, as well as conditions such as anxiety and depression. Improvements in problem areas can persist even after the end of existential therapy, as individuals can continue working on themselves by using the tools they’ve developed during treatment.