Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Lisa Smith-Couples Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CST, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Smith-Couples Counselor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CST
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
Are you experiencing relationship issues? Working together, I can help you resolve problems and feelings that may seem overwhelming. Whether you're seeking couples counseling or individual therapy, I'll listen deeply and will help you forge a path towards your goals. You'll find an affirming, supportive environment and strategies to enable you to live your life more fully and joyfully. Clients have told me that my warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative approach helps them feel comfortable working through difficult issues.
Are you experiencing relationship issues? Working together, I can help you resolve problems and feelings that may seem overwhelming. Whether you're seeking couples counseling or individual therapy, I'll listen deeply and will help you forge a path towards your goals. You'll find an affirming, supportive environment and strategies to enable you to live your life more fully and joyfully. Clients have told me that my warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative approach helps them feel comfortable working through difficult issues.
(202) 803-7244 View (202) 803-7244
Photo of Brittany Gutowski, LAC, LGPC, NCC, MS, Counselor
Brittany Gutowski
Counselor, LAC, LGPC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW Clients In Summer 2024! Now is the time to learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. This is how I strive to show up for my clients.
Accepting NEW Clients In Summer 2024! Now is the time to learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. This is how I strive to show up for my clients.
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Photo of Anna Colangelo, PhD, PMH-C, Psychologist
Anna Colangelo
Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
Seeking out therapy is the first step in your journey to healing and understanding. Through therapy, I will work with you to address present challenges, identify tools to navigate current and future difficult situations, and make changes to patterns of behavior or thoughts that are causing distress. Throughout our work, we will focus on broadening and deepening your awareness of yourself.   The foundation of successful therapeutic work is the therapist-client relationship. I understand the importance of this relationship, and I strive to establish a collaborative working connection filled with warmth and understanding.
Seeking out therapy is the first step in your journey to healing and understanding. Through therapy, I will work with you to address present challenges, identify tools to navigate current and future difficult situations, and make changes to patterns of behavior or thoughts that are causing distress. Throughout our work, we will focus on broadening and deepening your awareness of yourself.   The foundation of successful therapeutic work is the therapist-client relationship. I understand the importance of this relationship, and I strive to establish a collaborative working connection filled with warmth and understanding.
(844) 338-4927 View (844) 338-4927
Photo of Laura Diskin Gottlieb, PsyD, PSYPACT, Psychologist
Laura Diskin Gottlieb
Psychologist, PsyD, PSYPACT
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009
Welcome! I believe foremost that our best work together can be accomplished by creating and sustaining a unique space where you can feel safe, nurtured, validated, and understood. This will be where you can be who you need and want to be; a place where you can be your most authentic self. Choosing to prioritize yourself can feel very unfamiliar and scary. It can also feel so empowering. It will be my intention to be curious and supportive, and you will be encouraged to share your thoughts and feelings openly, confident that I will neither judge nor reject you.
Welcome! I believe foremost that our best work together can be accomplished by creating and sustaining a unique space where you can feel safe, nurtured, validated, and understood. This will be where you can be who you need and want to be; a place where you can be your most authentic self. Choosing to prioritize yourself can feel very unfamiliar and scary. It can also feel so empowering. It will be my intention to be curious and supportive, and you will be encouraged to share your thoughts and feelings openly, confident that I will neither judge nor reject you.
(202) 998-5320 View (202) 998-5320
Photo of Peggy L Miller, MEd, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Peggy L Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20008
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to my therapy practice! I am a therapist with over 25 years of experience helping individuals and couples achieve a greater sense of well being and fulfillment in their lives. I believe my role as therapist is to provide a safe, supportive, non-judgmental, and confidential relationship in which we can work collaboratively to understand your current concerns and challenges,then identify and work toward goals and steps for achieving positive change. I am devoted to the individuals I work with and consider it a privilege to have an active role in their pursuit of a more gratifying life.
Welcome to my therapy practice! I am a therapist with over 25 years of experience helping individuals and couples achieve a greater sense of well being and fulfillment in their lives. I believe my role as therapist is to provide a safe, supportive, non-judgmental, and confidential relationship in which we can work collaboratively to understand your current concerns and challenges,then identify and work toward goals and steps for achieving positive change. I am devoted to the individuals I work with and consider it a privilege to have an active role in their pursuit of a more gratifying life.
(202) 831-9574 View (202) 831-9574
Photo of Dr. Ron Del Moro, PhD, EdS, LPC, LCPC, Counselor
Dr. Ron Del Moro
Counselor, PhD, EdS, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
My objectives in therapy are safety and growth. We will work together to discover what is needed to create the life and relationships you want. Together, we discuss what is needed for you to thrive (and what gets in the way). I am honest and direct in my work. I am a highly empathetic, interactive, personal, and dynamic therapist who can equally support and challenge when needed. I specialize in supporting individuals, couples, and families with relationship issues, connections (with self and others), anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger, communication, impostor syndrome, and mindfulness.
My objectives in therapy are safety and growth. We will work together to discover what is needed to create the life and relationships you want. Together, we discuss what is needed for you to thrive (and what gets in the way). I am honest and direct in my work. I am a highly empathetic, interactive, personal, and dynamic therapist who can equally support and challenge when needed. I specialize in supporting individuals, couples, and families with relationship issues, connections (with self and others), anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger, communication, impostor syndrome, and mindfulness.
(202) 729-9286 View (202) 729-9286
Photo of Destinee Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Destinee Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy integrates interventions from various theoretical frameworks like Gestalt Theory, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Feminist Theory. I rely on my personal history to cultivate a safe, genuine, healing space for those on a wellness journey. I am a Black, Queer, Cis-gender counselor. Therefore, I utilize my intersectional identities to assist individuals and couples in skill-building to manage anxiety, interpersonal concerns, transitions, adjustments, and striving for self-actualization.
My approach to therapy integrates interventions from various theoretical frameworks like Gestalt Theory, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Feminist Theory. I rely on my personal history to cultivate a safe, genuine, healing space for those on a wellness journey. I am a Black, Queer, Cis-gender counselor. Therefore, I utilize my intersectional identities to assist individuals and couples in skill-building to manage anxiety, interpersonal concerns, transitions, adjustments, and striving for self-actualization.
(202) 873-9851 View (202) 873-9851
Photo of Susan Fago, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Fago
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Are you a bundle of nerves? Do you often feel anxious or unsettled? Would you like to feel more present and engaged? For over thirty years I have been helping people learn to feel more comfortable being in their own skin and to deal with life's uncertainties and challenges. Together we will explore how your experiences have affected various aspects of your life so that you can begin to feel more calm, have more clarity and experience more joy and vitality.
Are you a bundle of nerves? Do you often feel anxious or unsettled? Would you like to feel more present and engaged? For over thirty years I have been helping people learn to feel more comfortable being in their own skin and to deal with life's uncertainties and challenges. Together we will explore how your experiences have affected various aspects of your life so that you can begin to feel more calm, have more clarity and experience more joy and vitality.
(202) 559-4784 View (202) 559-4784
Photo of Tracey Spencer N, PhD, Psychologist
Tracey Spencer N
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20015
I have been working with college age and graduate age students for 19 years. I have worked at college counseling centers (Georgetown, Harvard Law School, Tufts University, Wheelock College, Holy Cross College) for much of my career. I have now been in private practice for almost 8 years and continue to enjoy seeing college and graduate students. I am also enjoying working with adults within the 30-55 age range. Much of my work includes dealing with areas of self-esteem, relationships with family, peers and partners and the accompanying anxiety and depression
I have been working with college age and graduate age students for 19 years. I have worked at college counseling centers (Georgetown, Harvard Law School, Tufts University, Wheelock College, Holy Cross College) for much of my career. I have now been in private practice for almost 8 years and continue to enjoy seeing college and graduate students. I am also enjoying working with adults within the 30-55 age range. Much of my work includes dealing with areas of self-esteem, relationships with family, peers and partners and the accompanying anxiety and depression
(301) 710-0783 View (301) 710-0783
Photo of Gary Gregory, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gary Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20017  (Online Only)
I work with clients to help restore balance, wellness by identifying troublesome patterns, dynamics, issues and work in a wholistic manner addressing cognitive, emotional and behavioral and historical/cultural factors.
I work with clients to help restore balance, wellness by identifying troublesome patterns, dynamics, issues and work in a wholistic manner addressing cognitive, emotional and behavioral and historical/cultural factors.
(202) 831-9313 View (202) 831-9313
Photo of Joanne Zucchetto, LICSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanne Zucchetto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20015
My belief that the therapeutic relationship is the key element of successful treatment informs my practice. This working relationship, based on mutual trust and shared goals, allows for self-exploration and ultimately personal growth. In working with individuals, couples, families and/or groups I think that connecting the dots between past and present allows the client to have a better grasp on what is influencing her/his feelings and life choices leading to greater empowerment and life satisfaction.
My belief that the therapeutic relationship is the key element of successful treatment informs my practice. This working relationship, based on mutual trust and shared goals, allows for self-exploration and ultimately personal growth. In working with individuals, couples, families and/or groups I think that connecting the dots between past and present allows the client to have a better grasp on what is influencing her/his feelings and life choices leading to greater empowerment and life satisfaction.
(410) 988-2167 View (410) 988-2167
Photo of Megan K Doherty, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan K Doherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Do you feel “stuck” in repeating patterns? Do you long for a change but can’t seem to make it happen? Or have you recently made a big transition and need help adjusting? Has trauma – either a one-time life event, or an ongoing stressful situation – stopped you from living fully? I help individuals and couples identify goals and the barriers to reaching them. With a collaborative and supportive approach you will find purpose, confidence, and belonging. My approach emphasizes self- determination and collaboration, drawing on evidence-based talk therapies and mind-body approaches like EMDR, mindfulness meditation, and yoga.
Do you feel “stuck” in repeating patterns? Do you long for a change but can’t seem to make it happen? Or have you recently made a big transition and need help adjusting? Has trauma – either a one-time life event, or an ongoing stressful situation – stopped you from living fully? I help individuals and couples identify goals and the barriers to reaching them. With a collaborative and supportive approach you will find purpose, confidence, and belonging. My approach emphasizes self- determination and collaboration, drawing on evidence-based talk therapies and mind-body approaches like EMDR, mindfulness meditation, and yoga.
(202) 952-2134 View (202) 952-2134
Photo of Jennifer Anne Spinner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Anne Spinner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002
Calling all couples! LGBTQ+, Heterosexual, Polyamorous, Monogamous, Open relationships, Monogamish, ALL couples and ALL Relationships! I Can Help You! Presenting a special offer from Jennifer Spinner LCSW! I am a student obtaining RLT (Relational Life Therapy) Certification. I will submit a case review and am offering a special fee in return for couples willing to allow me to record as we do session. The RLT Method is Very Effective! I can give you hope again! I study with Terry Real and his faculty, who have saved many relationships. Call Now DC! http:/www.jenniferspinnerlcsw.com
Calling all couples! LGBTQ+, Heterosexual, Polyamorous, Monogamous, Open relationships, Monogamish, ALL couples and ALL Relationships! I Can Help You! Presenting a special offer from Jennifer Spinner LCSW! I am a student obtaining RLT (Relational Life Therapy) Certification. I will submit a case review and am offering a special fee in return for couples willing to allow me to record as we do session. The RLT Method is Very Effective! I can give you hope again! I study with Terry Real and his faculty, who have saved many relationships. Call Now DC! http:/www.jenniferspinnerlcsw.com
(866) 968-8162 View (866) 968-8162
Photo of Julie Ceigler, LICSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Ceigler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
When was the last time you felt truly heard? Life can feel as though you're stuck in a maze without a map or sense of purpose. You may feel broken, alone, or depressed, but you're not. I've successfully helped clients work through life's challenges, learn effective coping skills, and view the present and future in a realistic, positive way. I've also helped clients with chronic illness maximize their quality of life and reach their goals, such as returning to work or school, or being a better parent or spouse. We'll set up a plan that meets your current needs, then empower you to reach your goals, together.
When was the last time you felt truly heard? Life can feel as though you're stuck in a maze without a map or sense of purpose. You may feel broken, alone, or depressed, but you're not. I've successfully helped clients work through life's challenges, learn effective coping skills, and view the present and future in a realistic, positive way. I've also helped clients with chronic illness maximize their quality of life and reach their goals, such as returning to work or school, or being a better parent or spouse. We'll set up a plan that meets your current needs, then empower you to reach your goals, together.
(202) 221-4084 View (202) 221-4084
Photo of Ivania Orozco, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ivania Orozco
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
If you or a loved one is suffering with symptoms that lead you to suspect some form of mental illness is taking place, do not be afraid to talk to your family doctor about your feelings. Do not wait to get treatment and suffer needlessly for fear of being stigmatized. At Preventive Measures, we meet you where you are, and are ready to assist you in getting the help you need.
If you or a loved one is suffering with symptoms that lead you to suspect some form of mental illness is taking place, do not be afraid to talk to your family doctor about your feelings. Do not wait to get treatment and suffer needlessly for fear of being stigmatized. At Preventive Measures, we meet you where you are, and are ready to assist you in getting the help you need.
(202) 946-7557 View (202) 946-7557
Photo of Corene Alvarado, PhD, Psychologist
Corene Alvarado
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Therapy can empower you to cope with and improve a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss, low self-esteem, past trauma, identity issues, and insecurities. My gentle, strengths-based approach will help you recognize the best in yourself and tolerate difficult feelings, while promoting changes in your life. I have a nonjudgmental attitude and appreciate each individual's cultural, spiritual, and family backgrounds. My style is collaborative and respectful; together we will consider how experiences from the past intersect with the present and focus on what is most meaningful to you now.
Therapy can empower you to cope with and improve a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss, low self-esteem, past trauma, identity issues, and insecurities. My gentle, strengths-based approach will help you recognize the best in yourself and tolerate difficult feelings, while promoting changes in your life. I have a nonjudgmental attitude and appreciate each individual's cultural, spiritual, and family backgrounds. My style is collaborative and respectful; together we will consider how experiences from the past intersect with the present and focus on what is most meaningful to you now.
(202) 858-3165 View (202) 858-3165
Photo of Kathryn Wagner, PhD, Psychologist
Kathryn Wagner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20010
Psychotherapy can help you make sense of complicated feelings, gain insight into relational patterns, and begin to move forward in areas of your life where you feel stuck. My focus is to help you untangle struggles, set meaningful goals, revise problematic narratives about yourself, and re-orient you toward your values. My integrative approach is informed by psychodynamic, feminist, multicultural, relational, and behaviorist theories. Above all, I value the therapeutic relationship and your personal growth. I offer therapy, assessment, and gender affirming evaluation services in person and remotely.
Psychotherapy can help you make sense of complicated feelings, gain insight into relational patterns, and begin to move forward in areas of your life where you feel stuck. My focus is to help you untangle struggles, set meaningful goals, revise problematic narratives about yourself, and re-orient you toward your values. My integrative approach is informed by psychodynamic, feminist, multicultural, relational, and behaviorist theories. Above all, I value the therapeutic relationship and your personal growth. I offer therapy, assessment, and gender affirming evaluation services in person and remotely.
(202) 729-9130 View (202) 729-9130
Photo of Tabitha Morris, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tabitha Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
Welcome to your journey of healing. Are you seeking therapy to address challenges in life have happened because of trauma? Have you lost yourself in the midst of your life challenges? Whether you are looking to overcome trauma, anxiety, or other circumstances that have arisen, my goal is to help you conquer the issues that may be hindering your life. We will work together to get you exactly where you want to be: vibrant, thriving, and full of life.
Welcome to your journey of healing. Are you seeking therapy to address challenges in life have happened because of trauma? Have you lost yourself in the midst of your life challenges? Whether you are looking to overcome trauma, anxiety, or other circumstances that have arisen, my goal is to help you conquer the issues that may be hindering your life. We will work together to get you exactly where you want to be: vibrant, thriving, and full of life.
(202) 949-6485 x800 View (202) 949-6485 x800
Photo of Viva Goettinger, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Viva Goettinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
In each of us there is a wise and compassionate Self. It is already there, and does not have to be created or developed. Too often, however, our access to this Self is obscured by protective and sometimes conflicting thoughts and emotions. These protections were put in place for a reason, but can become outdated and even dysfunctional as we mature. In our therapy together we will uncover what is being protected, release old patterns and emotions, and create space for this wise Self to take a larger role in your life.
In each of us there is a wise and compassionate Self. It is already there, and does not have to be created or developed. Too often, however, our access to this Self is obscured by protective and sometimes conflicting thoughts and emotions. These protections were put in place for a reason, but can become outdated and even dysfunctional as we mature. In our therapy together we will uncover what is being protected, release old patterns and emotions, and create space for this wise Self to take a larger role in your life.
(202) 417-3305 View (202) 417-3305
Photo of Ozlem Yazar, MSW, LGSW, ADS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ozlem Yazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW, ADS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
In psychotherapy, the therapist and client commit to work together to facilitate change. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space as we focus on issues such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, sexual identity/LGBTQ concerns, and traditional/non-traditional relationships. My approach to therapy is both holistic and mindful. I view the client as a whole, focusing on the need to bring the mind, body, and spirit into harmony while each element plays a role in healing and the creation of change.
In psychotherapy, the therapist and client commit to work together to facilitate change. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space as we focus on issues such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, sexual identity/LGBTQ concerns, and traditional/non-traditional relationships. My approach to therapy is both holistic and mindful. I view the client as a whole, focusing on the need to bring the mind, body, and spirit into harmony while each element plays a role in healing and the creation of change.
(202) 838-4312 View (202) 838-4312
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

3,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.