Therapists in Tennessee

View cities and counties in Tennessee
Photo of Alexandra Lee; Autism Testing, PsyD, Psychologist
Alexandra Lee; Autism Testing
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Psychological assessment/autism testing/evaluations are self-pay only, beginning at $1,300, though not all due at once. Dr. Lee provides psychological assessment for children (e.g., autism, ADHD, learning concerns). My goal is to bring understanding of your child's behavior while emphasizing their strengths through psychological testing. Evaluations will include your child's strengths, vulnerabilities, diagnosis(es), and recommendations for next steps.
Psychological assessment/autism testing/evaluations are self-pay only, beginning at $1,300, though not all due at once. Dr. Lee provides psychological assessment for children (e.g., autism, ADHD, learning concerns). My goal is to bring understanding of your child's behavior while emphasizing their strengths through psychological testing. Evaluations will include your child's strengths, vulnerabilities, diagnosis(es), and recommendations for next steps.
(865) 503-5045 View (865) 503-5045
Photo of Caitlyn Oneill Chesney, MA, CMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Caitlyn Oneill Chesney
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
My practice specializes in addressing trauma, addictions, and relational issues, using evidenced-based techniques tailored to each client’s unique needs. I am certified in EMDR, which is particularly effective for those dealing with traumatic experiences. I am dedicated to supporting adolescents and adults as they navigate complex personal challenges. With a focus on a direct yet gentle approach, I believe in centering the clients experience to foster a therapeutic environment that promotes healing and growth.
My practice specializes in addressing trauma, addictions, and relational issues, using evidenced-based techniques tailored to each client’s unique needs. I am certified in EMDR, which is particularly effective for those dealing with traumatic experiences. I am dedicated to supporting adolescents and adults as they navigate complex personal challenges. With a focus on a direct yet gentle approach, I believe in centering the clients experience to foster a therapeutic environment that promotes healing and growth.
(865) 344-2750 View (865) 344-2750
Photo of Gwen Burke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gwen Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
My goal while working with individuals and couples in therapy is to help you cope with emotional pain and life stressors in order for you to lead a healthier and happier life. I want to assist you in thriving not just surviving life. I have experience utilizing Cognitive Behavioral, Family Systems and Solution Focused therapy techniques to help people to cope with depression, bipolar, anxiety, grief and loss, stress management, and other major life transitions such as deciding to have children, launching children, and caretaking parents.
My goal while working with individuals and couples in therapy is to help you cope with emotional pain and life stressors in order for you to lead a healthier and happier life. I want to assist you in thriving not just surviving life. I have experience utilizing Cognitive Behavioral, Family Systems and Solution Focused therapy techniques to help people to cope with depression, bipolar, anxiety, grief and loss, stress management, and other major life transitions such as deciding to have children, launching children, and caretaking parents.
(629) 205-7970 View (629) 205-7970
Photo of Matt Mills, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matt Mills
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re wrestling with anger, sadness, or anxiety, you are not alone. Perhaps your personal or professional life suffers as a result. Lost in our minds, we struggle with how to manage tough emotions and how to find small joys. Together, we will work to recapture your control, passion for life, and take steps towards growth -- helping you to be fully present for self and others. Through in person or telehealth sessions, I’m here to offer reflection and support.
If you’re wrestling with anger, sadness, or anxiety, you are not alone. Perhaps your personal or professional life suffers as a result. Lost in our minds, we struggle with how to manage tough emotions and how to find small joys. Together, we will work to recapture your control, passion for life, and take steps towards growth -- helping you to be fully present for self and others. Through in person or telehealth sessions, I’m here to offer reflection and support.
(615) 285-5771 View (615) 285-5771
Photo of Dr. Constance Ratcliff, PhD, LMFT, RPT/S, LPC/S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Constance Ratcliff
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, RPT/S, LPC/S
Verified Verified
Ocoee, TN 37361  (Online Only)
I offer Telemental Health therapy services utilizing evidenced based play therapy and systemic therapeutic approaches with children ages 8-18, parents and families facing a variety of life challenges including grief, loss, trauma, anxiety, depression, parental divorce and/or family adjustment stressors as well as pre-marital and couples counseling during various life stages. I assist clients to address current life stressors for achieving emotional, social, relational, behavioral growth, resiliency and well being. Additionally I offer LMFT and RPT Supervision for Masters, Doctoral and Post-Graduate level interns.
I offer Telemental Health therapy services utilizing evidenced based play therapy and systemic therapeutic approaches with children ages 8-18, parents and families facing a variety of life challenges including grief, loss, trauma, anxiety, depression, parental divorce and/or family adjustment stressors as well as pre-marital and couples counseling during various life stages. I assist clients to address current life stressors for achieving emotional, social, relational, behavioral growth, resiliency and well being. Additionally I offer LMFT and RPT Supervision for Masters, Doctoral and Post-Graduate level interns.
(423) 455-5348 View (423) 455-5348
Photo of Amanda Terry, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Terry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Have you been told "Just think happy thoughts." "It's just a phase." "Quit worrying so much." "It could be worse." "When I was your age..." "What you should do is..." "You should just pray about it." If all this "helpful" advice has not worked for you then maybe it's time to try counseling.
Have you been told "Just think happy thoughts." "It's just a phase." "Quit worrying so much." "It could be worse." "When I was your age..." "What you should do is..." "You should just pray about it." If all this "helpful" advice has not worked for you then maybe it's time to try counseling.
(931) 286-7691 View (931) 286-7691
Photo of Amber Rochette - Knox Neuro, PLLC, PhD, Psychologist
Knox Neuro, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
I have a special interest in supporting persons with neurological conditions or neurodegenerative disorders and their families, and I strive to provide patient-centered assessment and therapeutic services that help patients function at their best, wherever they align on the healthy to disease continuum. I see adults (18 and older) and have specific expertise in neurodegenerative conditions, neurological conditions, geriatrics, capacity evaluation, traumatic brain injury, stroke, ADHD, pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., bariatric, deep brain stimulation), and psychodiagnostic evaluations.
I have a special interest in supporting persons with neurological conditions or neurodegenerative disorders and their families, and I strive to provide patient-centered assessment and therapeutic services that help patients function at their best, wherever they align on the healthy to disease continuum. I see adults (18 and older) and have specific expertise in neurodegenerative conditions, neurological conditions, geriatrics, capacity evaluation, traumatic brain injury, stroke, ADHD, pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., bariatric, deep brain stimulation), and psychodiagnostic evaluations.
(865) 672-8204 View (865) 672-8204
Photo of Julie Kline - Julie Kline, MS, LMFT, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Kline, MS, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, breaking free from a toxic relationship, parenting challenges, or other life stressors, I believe you can find relief in a short amount of time with some simple yet intentional changes. Together we can focus on creating strategies to help you have the life and relationships that you desire. I specialize in individual and relationship counseling, as well as working with parents of adult children who are failing to launch out on their own or who parents find difficultly in relating to in everyday interactions.
Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, breaking free from a toxic relationship, parenting challenges, or other life stressors, I believe you can find relief in a short amount of time with some simple yet intentional changes. Together we can focus on creating strategies to help you have the life and relationships that you desire. I specialize in individual and relationship counseling, as well as working with parents of adult children who are failing to launch out on their own or who parents find difficultly in relating to in everyday interactions.
(423) 225-8566 View (423) 225-8566
Photo of Katya Brewington, MEd, LPC, MHSP/S, NCC, ACS, Counselor
Katya Brewington
Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP/S, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
17 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Counseling is a very personal journey and it is important to find a counselor you can trust and feel comfortable with. I always encourage potential clients to research, compare, and even email or call prior to the first session so any initial questions or concerns can be answered and addressed. Over the past 20 years both my training and experience in mental health have been in working with people with history of trauma, mood and anxiety type disorders, relationship difficulties, behavioral struggles, parenting issues, and life transitions.
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Counseling is a very personal journey and it is important to find a counselor you can trust and feel comfortable with. I always encourage potential clients to research, compare, and even email or call prior to the first session so any initial questions or concerns can be answered and addressed. Over the past 20 years both my training and experience in mental health have been in working with people with history of trauma, mood and anxiety type disorders, relationship difficulties, behavioral struggles, parenting issues, and life transitions.
(615) 763-4970 View (615) 763-4970
Photo of Ashley Bearden Elmquist, EdS, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Bearden Elmquist
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216
A major thread in Ashley’s work has been care for families. Having worked in volunteer and professional capacities with children and families for more than 17 years and as a mother of three young children, Ashley has found herself with a deep care for helping people find their own healing to stop cycles of toxic stress. When children or teens feel out of control or parents feel overwhelmed, working through issues that require learning how to emotionally regulate (i.e. trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, ADD, or OCD) can lead to healing that improves one’s ability to securely connect in relationships.
A major thread in Ashley’s work has been care for families. Having worked in volunteer and professional capacities with children and families for more than 17 years and as a mother of three young children, Ashley has found herself with a deep care for helping people find their own healing to stop cycles of toxic stress. When children or teens feel out of control or parents feel overwhelmed, working through issues that require learning how to emotionally regulate (i.e. trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, ADD, or OCD) can lead to healing that improves one’s ability to securely connect in relationships.
(629) 300-6197 View (629) 300-6197
Photo of Heather Wright, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I’m here to support and guide you while navigating what feels overwhelming and difficult right now. I work with ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or coping with life transitions such as divorce or loss of a loved one. I also have 10 years experience supporting transgender folx- providing a safe, affirming space.
I’m here to support and guide you while navigating what feels overwhelming and difficult right now. I work with ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or coping with life transitions such as divorce or loss of a loved one. I also have 10 years experience supporting transgender folx- providing a safe, affirming space.
(423) 427-2838 View (423) 427-2838
Photo of Scarlett Bright, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scarlett Bright
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
“To thine own self be true...thou canst not then be false to any man." - Shakespeare. I am a mature therapist with real world experience. One of my greatest joys is being a grandmother. I understand the difficulties of balancing family, work, relationships, and self-care. The feelings of distress, fear, shame, and isolation for not meeting the unobtainable expectations society places on us of can feel debilitating, even unbearable. Allow me to assist you. Together we will figure things out and create a path for you to become the best version of your authentic self, reclaim your joy and love who you are.
“To thine own self be true...thou canst not then be false to any man." - Shakespeare. I am a mature therapist with real world experience. One of my greatest joys is being a grandmother. I understand the difficulties of balancing family, work, relationships, and self-care. The feelings of distress, fear, shame, and isolation for not meeting the unobtainable expectations society places on us of can feel debilitating, even unbearable. Allow me to assist you. Together we will figure things out and create a path for you to become the best version of your authentic self, reclaim your joy and love who you are.
(615) 235-6293 View (615) 235-6293
Photo of Alysia (Nikki) Kirk, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alysia (Nikki) Kirk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37208
Not accepting new clients
Let’s be real; life as a teenager or young adult is complex and hard enough as it is. Add to that the confusion about who you are as a mixed race individual; the frustration of being directly or indirectly labeled “the black girl” in a predominantly white school; or the pressure that comes with being a student athlete trying to balance life on and off the court. The weight of it all can become too heavy to carry alone!
Let’s be real; life as a teenager or young adult is complex and hard enough as it is. Add to that the confusion about who you are as a mixed race individual; the frustration of being directly or indirectly labeled “the black girl” in a predominantly white school; or the pressure that comes with being a student athlete trying to balance life on and off the court. The weight of it all can become too heavy to carry alone!
(615) 645-1262 View (615) 645-1262
Photo of Anna McCurdy Railroad Valley Therapeutics, LPCMHSP, NCC, CMIP, CCTP, RYT-200, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anna McCurdy Railroad Valley Therapeutics
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC, CMIP, CCTP, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415
What is getting in the way of you being happy? Of being the person you want to be? Feeling comfortable in your own body? Having healthy relationships? And not being ruled by emotions, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and restless nights? How long have you tried to figure it out for yourself and how many things have you tried without much relief? I get it. It's overwhelming. If you are ready for things to be different, I'm ready to help you get there.
What is getting in the way of you being happy? Of being the person you want to be? Feeling comfortable in your own body? Having healthy relationships? And not being ruled by emotions, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and restless nights? How long have you tried to figure it out for yourself and how many things have you tried without much relief? I get it. It's overwhelming. If you are ready for things to be different, I'm ready to help you get there.
(423) 208-9206 View (423) 208-9206
Photo of Maggie Ratley, LPC, MHSP(t), Pre-Licensed Professional
Maggie Ratley
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(t)
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
Not accepting new clients
If you feel as if life is too difficult and are overwhelmed at the thought of continuing with how things are, we may be a good fit to work together. I provide support for children, adolescents, their families, and individual adults experiencing suicidal thoughts, depression, self-harming behaviors, and behavioral difficulties. I help my clients navigate the shame they are experiencing and help lead them to self-compassion and understanding of the 'why' behind their feelings and behaviors.
If you feel as if life is too difficult and are overwhelmed at the thought of continuing with how things are, we may be a good fit to work together. I provide support for children, adolescents, their families, and individual adults experiencing suicidal thoughts, depression, self-harming behaviors, and behavioral difficulties. I help my clients navigate the shame they are experiencing and help lead them to self-compassion and understanding of the 'why' behind their feelings and behaviors.
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Photo of Codi Kyle, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Codi Kyle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Antioch, TN 37013
Over 15+ years' experience. I have helped individuals through a variety of difficult life circumstances (e.g. addiction, anxiety, depression, divorce, difficult life circumstances, and relationship challenges, etc.). I have experience with outpatient, intensive outpatient and inpatient settings. I specialize in solution-focused and goal-oriented approaches. Clients can expect compassionate support and a collaborative journey towards lasting wellbeing.
Over 15+ years' experience. I have helped individuals through a variety of difficult life circumstances (e.g. addiction, anxiety, depression, divorce, difficult life circumstances, and relationship challenges, etc.). I have experience with outpatient, intensive outpatient and inpatient settings. I specialize in solution-focused and goal-oriented approaches. Clients can expect compassionate support and a collaborative journey towards lasting wellbeing.
(615) 510-6414 View (615) 510-6414
Photo of Samuel Rainey - Middle Tennessee Counseling, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Middle Tennessee Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
My clients struggle with life just like you. They want more in life and have struggled to find fullness and meaning. They are hurting from wounds from the past, difficulties in present-day relationships, and wrestle with self-identity. Just like you, they have tried everything they can think of to help themselves, perhaps even trying therapy or counseling before. And like you, they want a place to explore life in a nonjudgmental and safe environment.
My clients struggle with life just like you. They want more in life and have struggled to find fullness and meaning. They are hurting from wounds from the past, difficulties in present-day relationships, and wrestle with self-identity. Just like you, they have tried everything they can think of to help themselves, perhaps even trying therapy or counseling before. And like you, they want a place to explore life in a nonjudgmental and safe environment.
(615) 680-9925 View (615) 680-9925
Photo of David Dia, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Dia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cordova, TN 38018
I have worked in the area of anxiety, OCD, and related disorders for more than 28 years and I love what I do. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem. Positively, anxiety is considered treatable and you are definitely not alone in your struggle with anxiety. However, finding a clinician with expertise and training in the area of anxiety and OCD can be difficult. I am here to help. I don't want anxiety making decision for you.
I have worked in the area of anxiety, OCD, and related disorders for more than 28 years and I love what I do. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem. Positively, anxiety is considered treatable and you are definitely not alone in your struggle with anxiety. However, finding a clinician with expertise and training in the area of anxiety and OCD can be difficult. I am here to help. I don't want anxiety making decision for you.
(901) 401-9826 View (901) 401-9826
Photo of Jennifer Rundberg, MA, NCC, LPCMHSP, (temp), ATR-P, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Rundberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCMHSP, (temp), ATR-P
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221
I think most of us would say it’s hard work being a child, adolescent, or parent today. Does it often feel like that the frustration levels at your home some times push higher and higher? Kids refusing to go to bed, teens unable to speak, chores or school work not completed, or worse—feelings of hopelessness with your child who is not able to enjoy life as usual? Has it become more difficult for your child or yourself to manage through another day due to grief, anxiety, or events? It can be hard working through these large feelings, and I would like to work with you to help navigate through whatever is happening.
I think most of us would say it’s hard work being a child, adolescent, or parent today. Does it often feel like that the frustration levels at your home some times push higher and higher? Kids refusing to go to bed, teens unable to speak, chores or school work not completed, or worse—feelings of hopelessness with your child who is not able to enjoy life as usual? Has it become more difficult for your child or yourself to manage through another day due to grief, anxiety, or events? It can be hard working through these large feelings, and I would like to work with you to help navigate through whatever is happening.
(615) 471-7252 View (615) 471-7252
Photo of Wendell Aaron Kelley - Aaron Kelley, LPC, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aaron Kelley, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
The most rewarding therapy sessions occur with clients who are motivated to make progress towards the goals they set. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client is of upmost importance to the client meeting their goals. I strive to build a trusting, supportive, and safe relationship with each of my clients. I believe everyone has their own unique story to tell. I enjoy hearing that story and helping people overcome the issues that can surface over a lifetime. I see adults and adolescents in my therapy practice as well as the occasional couple.
The most rewarding therapy sessions occur with clients who are motivated to make progress towards the goals they set. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client is of upmost importance to the client meeting their goals. I strive to build a trusting, supportive, and safe relationship with each of my clients. I believe everyone has their own unique story to tell. I enjoy hearing that story and helping people overcome the issues that can surface over a lifetime. I see adults and adolescents in my therapy practice as well as the occasional couple.
(615) 206-4013 View (615) 206-4013
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Tennessee who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Cigna and Evernorth
72% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Tennessee see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tennessee?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.