Therapists in Lubbock, TX

Photo of Thomas Allen Turnbough, LPC, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thomas Allen Turnbough
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
In the “Wheel of Time” series by Robert Jordan he writes- “The wind was not the beginning. There are neither beginnings nor endings to the turning of the Wheel of Time. But it was a beginning.” If either of the following situations seem familiar – I am ready when you are. I specialize in addiction recovery and those that have been falsely accused.
In the “Wheel of Time” series by Robert Jordan he writes- “The wind was not the beginning. There are neither beginnings nor endings to the turning of the Wheel of Time. But it was a beginning.” If either of the following situations seem familiar – I am ready when you are. I specialize in addiction recovery and those that have been falsely accused.
(806) 835-5622 View (806) 835-5622
Photo of Erin Munoz, LMSW
Erin Munoz
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79423
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients - I'm currently an LMSW working towards my clinical licensure to become an LCSW. My clinical supervisor is Kathy Le, LCSW-S. I've had the pleasure of being able to serve our Lubbock community through different areas of my career by offering supportive counseling and direct care delivery to clients dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, child-parent relational issues, substance use, burn-out, and other stress-related issues. I graduated from the University of Texas Arlington with my MSW and received my BSW from Lubbock Christian University.
Not accepting new clients - I'm currently an LMSW working towards my clinical licensure to become an LCSW. My clinical supervisor is Kathy Le, LCSW-S. I've had the pleasure of being able to serve our Lubbock community through different areas of my career by offering supportive counseling and direct care delivery to clients dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, child-parent relational issues, substance use, burn-out, and other stress-related issues. I graduated from the University of Texas Arlington with my MSW and received my BSW from Lubbock Christian University.
(806) 621-8806 View (806) 621-8806
Photo of Charles T Lindsey - Charles Lindsey Counseling, MEd, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charles Lindsey Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
I operate with the assumption that individual and couple’s counseling should be safe and helpful in practical ways. My bias is that it should be as brief as possible to meet a person's current need, while at the same time of sufficient duration to stabilize one’s walk into their days ahead. I believe it should provide real-world help for navigating the challenging transitions of life that often interfere with progress toward our desired objectives and God designed potential. I believe it is critical to cultivate the capacity to live fully and mindfully in the here-and-now to chart a sure and safe path to a satisfying future.
I operate with the assumption that individual and couple’s counseling should be safe and helpful in practical ways. My bias is that it should be as brief as possible to meet a person's current need, while at the same time of sufficient duration to stabilize one’s walk into their days ahead. I believe it should provide real-world help for navigating the challenging transitions of life that often interfere with progress toward our desired objectives and God designed potential. I believe it is critical to cultivate the capacity to live fully and mindfully in the here-and-now to chart a sure and safe path to a satisfying future.
(806) 579-2751 View (806) 579-2751
Photo of Barbie Swopes, Pre-Licensed Professional
Barbie Swopes
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
Ever since I realized my calling, I have been passionate about helping people live their best lives and navigate through life's challenges. Whether you are experiencing a life transition, difficulties within your intimate relationships, challenges in parenting, or are struggling to cope with a traumatic event, I am here to walk with you on this path while guiding you in navigating those challenges. It is not easy to face these things alone and you shouldn't have to.
Ever since I realized my calling, I have been passionate about helping people live their best lives and navigate through life's challenges. Whether you are experiencing a life transition, difficulties within your intimate relationships, challenges in parenting, or are struggling to cope with a traumatic event, I am here to walk with you on this path while guiding you in navigating those challenges. It is not easy to face these things alone and you shouldn't have to.
(806) 542-3465 x105 View (806) 542-3465 x105
Photo of Cody Heath, PhD, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cody Heath
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
I see couples, individuals, and families and specialize in couple's communication, conflict, and families living with addiction/codependency. Additionally, I work with those living with symptoms of unhappiness, worry, and grief. In therapy, I help my clients identify underlying patterns that cause distress and then use their strengths to create new experiences that facilitate growth, understanding, and fulfillment.
I see couples, individuals, and families and specialize in couple's communication, conflict, and families living with addiction/codependency. Additionally, I work with those living with symptoms of unhappiness, worry, and grief. In therapy, I help my clients identify underlying patterns that cause distress and then use their strengths to create new experiences that facilitate growth, understanding, and fulfillment.
(806) 603-3306 View (806) 603-3306
Photo of Carlos Perez, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carlos Perez
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
I focus on creating a safe space for everyone. I believe the journey of therapy begins with meeting you where you are, and working towards an end that suits your needs. I practice therapy with acceptance, compassion, and non-judgement. I use the therapy room as a place were we explore and grow together. I believe everyone is capable of positive change, and I'm here to help you with that.
I focus on creating a safe space for everyone. I believe the journey of therapy begins with meeting you where you are, and working towards an end that suits your needs. I practice therapy with acceptance, compassion, and non-judgement. I use the therapy room as a place were we explore and grow together. I believe everyone is capable of positive change, and I'm here to help you with that.
(806) 541-4265 View (806) 541-4265
Photo of Laurie Markey, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laurie Markey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
“If we can share our story with someone who responds with empathy and understanding, shame can’t survive” -Brené Brown. Thank you so much for visiting my site. What I have learned about being a human, let alone a therapist, is that everybody has a story. My job is to create a safe, nonjudgmental space for you to tell your story. Life can be very difficult for a multitude of reasons. Sometimes these struggles can feel overwhelming, leaving us confused and hopeless.
“If we can share our story with someone who responds with empathy and understanding, shame can’t survive” -Brené Brown. Thank you so much for visiting my site. What I have learned about being a human, let alone a therapist, is that everybody has a story. My job is to create a safe, nonjudgmental space for you to tell your story. Life can be very difficult for a multitude of reasons. Sometimes these struggles can feel overwhelming, leaving us confused and hopeless.
(940) 242-5967 View (940) 242-5967
Photo of Christian Enevoldsen, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christian Enevoldsen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
Throughout my work in the mental health field, I have found my specialization in working with individuals, as well as couples, who are seeking more effective ways to cope with stress, communication, depression, and anxiety among other varied topics. I understand that these aspects can affect not only the person experiencing them but oftentimes their relationships with significant others. In order to make improvements, an integrative and often educational approach can be the building blocks toward future growth. Working with clients who are tired of being sick and tired and want to make improvements motivates me!
Throughout my work in the mental health field, I have found my specialization in working with individuals, as well as couples, who are seeking more effective ways to cope with stress, communication, depression, and anxiety among other varied topics. I understand that these aspects can affect not only the person experiencing them but oftentimes their relationships with significant others. In order to make improvements, an integrative and often educational approach can be the building blocks toward future growth. Working with clients who are tired of being sick and tired and want to make improvements motivates me!
(806) 557-1519 x705 View (806) 557-1519 x705
Photo of Adrienne Rains (Supervised By Dr. Mark White), MS, LMFT-A, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Adrienne Rains (Supervised By Dr. Mark White)
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFT-A, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Relationships can be hard! Whether that relationship is with a partner, child, parent, friendships, or even the loss of a relationship. Let me help you be able to feel secure within those relationships and within yourself as a person. I am passionate about helping people find new paths in life, new ways of communication, new normal routines, and helping to prepare you for upcoming life changes.
Relationships can be hard! Whether that relationship is with a partner, child, parent, friendships, or even the loss of a relationship. Let me help you be able to feel secure within those relationships and within yourself as a person. I am passionate about helping people find new paths in life, new ways of communication, new normal routines, and helping to prepare you for upcoming life changes.
(806) 496-8057 View (806) 496-8057
Photo of Nicole Black - Phoenix Arise, Licensed Professional Counselor
Phoenix Arise
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
Current daytime and evening availability! Phoenix Arise is a group counseling office owned by Dr. Nicole Black, PhD, LPC-S, LCDC, RPT in Lubbock, TX. When creating Phoenix Arise, she envisioned a counseling office that would be focused on treating clients through a trauma informed lens. Phoenix Arise has 13 therapists who offer counseling to a wide range of populations with various modalities such as EMDR, DBT, solution focused therapy, talk therapy, and more. What makes our counselors unique is the underlying focus and emphasis on trauma recovery.
Current daytime and evening availability! Phoenix Arise is a group counseling office owned by Dr. Nicole Black, PhD, LPC-S, LCDC, RPT in Lubbock, TX. When creating Phoenix Arise, she envisioned a counseling office that would be focused on treating clients through a trauma informed lens. Phoenix Arise has 13 therapists who offer counseling to a wide range of populations with various modalities such as EMDR, DBT, solution focused therapy, talk therapy, and more. What makes our counselors unique is the underlying focus and emphasis on trauma recovery.
(806) 203-6023 View (806) 203-6023
Photo of Victoria Stephenson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Victoria Stephenson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma/PTSD symptoms, or relationship issues that keep you from enjoying life? Do you feel hopeless, exhausted, overwhelmed or disconnected by just going through the motions every day? Now more than ever people are struggling to overcome trauma. This is affecting their happiness, family, and friends. Not addressing these difficulties can lead to missing out on the joy that life has to offer.
Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma/PTSD symptoms, or relationship issues that keep you from enjoying life? Do you feel hopeless, exhausted, overwhelmed or disconnected by just going through the motions every day? Now more than ever people are struggling to overcome trauma. This is affecting their happiness, family, and friends. Not addressing these difficulties can lead to missing out on the joy that life has to offer.
(806) 605-2053 View (806) 605-2053
Photo of Sarah Mcdowell - Shiloh Counseling Services, Counselor
Shiloh Counseling Services
Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Shiloh Counseling Services has a variety of counselors who will meet your needs! We have both male and female counselors who specialize in a variety of issues. All of our counselors practice from a Christian worldview but are also comfortable working with people from all beliefs and backgrounds. Please visit our website, www.ShilohCounselingServices.com to learn more about all of our therapists and services.
Shiloh Counseling Services has a variety of counselors who will meet your needs! We have both male and female counselors who specialize in a variety of issues. All of our counselors practice from a Christian worldview but are also comfortable working with people from all beliefs and backgrounds. Please visit our website, www.ShilohCounselingServices.com to learn more about all of our therapists and services.
(806) 794-3232 View (806) 794-3232
Photo of Dyan Covington, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dyan Covington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
You may want more for yourself, but don’t believe you can get there. You might be unhappy, burned out, or overwhelmed. Maybe you know what your goals are, but can’t determine why you haven’t already achieved them. Perhaps you finally figured out what’s in your way, but you have no idea what to do next. Maybe you’re tired of your inability to manage your emotions or tolerate distress and it’s causing problems in your relationships or at work. If any of these scenarios sound familiar, I think we would be a great fit. When you’re ready to commit to your own wellness, start truly living and experience genuine joy, I’m here with you.
You may want more for yourself, but don’t believe you can get there. You might be unhappy, burned out, or overwhelmed. Maybe you know what your goals are, but can’t determine why you haven’t already achieved them. Perhaps you finally figured out what’s in your way, but you have no idea what to do next. Maybe you’re tired of your inability to manage your emotions or tolerate distress and it’s causing problems in your relationships or at work. If any of these scenarios sound familiar, I think we would be a great fit. When you’re ready to commit to your own wellness, start truly living and experience genuine joy, I’m here with you.
(806) 603-3637 View (806) 603-3637
Photo of Meredith Kunkle, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Meredith Kunkle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
As a 20+ year educator and counselor, I've seen that one step at a time movement creates positive change. Through acceptance, expressive activities, a solution-focused approach and the guidance of the trauma-focused therapy: ART (Accelerated Resolution Therapy), clients will be met with compassion, hope, affirmation and a belief that they can MOVE. Move Counseling is now accepting referrals and has immediate appointment availability for children, adolescents and emerging adults. Ask me about the Therapy Dog, Rex and about Equine (Horses!)-Assisted Therapy.
As a 20+ year educator and counselor, I've seen that one step at a time movement creates positive change. Through acceptance, expressive activities, a solution-focused approach and the guidance of the trauma-focused therapy: ART (Accelerated Resolution Therapy), clients will be met with compassion, hope, affirmation and a belief that they can MOVE. Move Counseling is now accepting referrals and has immediate appointment availability for children, adolescents and emerging adults. Ask me about the Therapy Dog, Rex and about Equine (Horses!)-Assisted Therapy.
(806) 835-5821 View (806) 835-5821
Photo of Emma Brockhouse(Supervised By Kristie Collins Lpc-S), MEd, LPC-A, LCDC-I
Emma Brockhouse(Supervised By Kristie Collins Lpc-S)
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Hello! I'm Emma! I specialize in addiction and recovery, anxiety, depression, self-acceptance, trauma, and emotional regulation. I offer Brainspotting Treatment! With a background working in drug and alcohol treatment centers across West and Central Texas, I've had the privilege of assisting many individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being.
Hello! I'm Emma! I specialize in addiction and recovery, anxiety, depression, self-acceptance, trauma, and emotional regulation. I offer Brainspotting Treatment! With a background working in drug and alcohol treatment centers across West and Central Texas, I've had the privilege of assisting many individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being.
(806) 878-9313 View (806) 878-9313
Photo of Lynn A Hicks, MA, LPC-A
Lynn A Hicks
LPC Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
As a counselor, I am committed to fostering a safe and empathetic environment where individuals can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. My approach is grounded in compassion, authenticity, and a genuine desire to understand and support each client's unique journey. With a deep respect for diversity and cultural sensitivity, I work collaboratively with clients to identify goals and develop personalized strategies for growth and healing. Drawing from evidence-based practices and my own professional expertise, I strive to empower clients to cultivate self-awareness, resilience, and meaningful change.
As a counselor, I am committed to fostering a safe and empathetic environment where individuals can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. My approach is grounded in compassion, authenticity, and a genuine desire to understand and support each client's unique journey. With a deep respect for diversity and cultural sensitivity, I work collaboratively with clients to identify goals and develop personalized strategies for growth and healing. Drawing from evidence-based practices and my own professional expertise, I strive to empower clients to cultivate self-awareness, resilience, and meaningful change.
(806) 615-4248 View (806) 615-4248
Photo of Danica Carranza - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lubbock, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lubbock
Counselor
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Katharine Newberry, LMFT-A, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Katharine Newberry
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
Are you struggling with uncertainty, struggling to find your identity, or working through past trauma? These challenges can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. My previous experience as both a therapist and a human have lead to my passion for helping families, couples, and individuals explore all of these spaces. My experience as a client in therapy has challenged me to try and create a safe space for these feelings to be explored without judgement or shame.
Are you struggling with uncertainty, struggling to find your identity, or working through past trauma? These challenges can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. My previous experience as both a therapist and a human have lead to my passion for helping families, couples, and individuals explore all of these spaces. My experience as a client in therapy has challenged me to try and create a safe space for these feelings to be explored without judgement or shame.
(806) 591-3854 View (806) 591-3854
Photo of Malia Scott - Malia Scott, RE-Wilding Relationships PLLC
Malia Scott, RE-Wilding Relationships PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
You're stuck in an anxious-avoidant cycle in your relationship. You want to work toward more SECURE attachment with yourself and in your relationship. You're wanting to spice things up in your sex life. You're struggling with desire discrepancy with sex/intimacy. You’re struggle with sexual dysfunction or out of control sexual behavior. You’re wanting to explore consensual non-monogamy, BDSM or kink. You’re on the last straw with your relationship & are on the brink-of-divorce. You’re discovered an infidelity - or are having an affair. You’re contemplating getting married and want to do pre-marial counseling.
You're stuck in an anxious-avoidant cycle in your relationship. You want to work toward more SECURE attachment with yourself and in your relationship. You're wanting to spice things up in your sex life. You're struggling with desire discrepancy with sex/intimacy. You’re struggle with sexual dysfunction or out of control sexual behavior. You’re wanting to explore consensual non-monogamy, BDSM or kink. You’re on the last straw with your relationship & are on the brink-of-divorce. You’re discovered an infidelity - or are having an affair. You’re contemplating getting married and want to do pre-marial counseling.
(806) 464-4644 View (806) 464-4644
Photo of Marisha Mauch, MMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marisha Mauch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life does not go the way we plan. Sometimes it goes much worse. Are you confused? Frustrated? Sad? Is your teenager struggling? Is it causing you stress? Is someone in your family fighting an eating disorder, harming themselves, or considering suicide? Do you want a better relationship with your kids, your college student, your spouse? Do you want to look in the mirror and like the person who stares back at you? I'd love to help. I have spent the last eleven years working with families, teenagers, college students, and singles in various counseling settings.
Sometimes life does not go the way we plan. Sometimes it goes much worse. Are you confused? Frustrated? Sad? Is your teenager struggling? Is it causing you stress? Is someone in your family fighting an eating disorder, harming themselves, or considering suicide? Do you want a better relationship with your kids, your college student, your spouse? Do you want to look in the mirror and like the person who stares back at you? I'd love to help. I have spent the last eleven years working with families, teenagers, college students, and singles in various counseling settings.
(806) 304-7127 View (806) 304-7127
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lubbock, TX

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Lubbock, TX who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
82% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lubbock, TX see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lubbock?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.