Therapists in Altoona, PA
![Photo of Taylor Fraundorfer, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/220b407c-7c91-495f-9517-3be2cc7d065a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Taylor Fraundorfer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! My name is Taylor and I am a licensed professional counselor. I work with adults 18+ who are experiencing mood issues, relationships struggles, difficulties with self-esteem, or those who have experienced trauma. We will work together on building self awareness, enhancing coping skills and healthy communication, and strengthening your relationships. It can be confusing and difficult to make changes on your own; I am here to support you and guide you by offering direction, along with encouraging self compassion and acceptance toward all the pieces of your Self.
Welcome! My name is Taylor and I am a licensed professional counselor. I work with adults 18+ who are experiencing mood issues, relationships struggles, difficulties with self-esteem, or those who have experienced trauma. We will work together on building self awareness, enhancing coping skills and healthy communication, and strengthening your relationships. It can be confusing and difficult to make changes on your own; I am here to support you and guide you by offering direction, along with encouraging self compassion and acceptance toward all the pieces of your Self.
![Photo of Allison Herbaugh, MSEd, NCC, NCSC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dee18cad-a035-4a6f-83c6-aeb376c35036/1/320x400.jpeg)
Allison Herbaugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, NCC, NCSC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
I am a positive and energetic individual who is passionate about providing others with resources to live their best lives. I will partner with you during life's challenges and celebrate your victories, small or large. My style is to use humor and a laid back approach to make my clients feel immediately comfortable. I want to help you transform toward something amazing!
I am a positive and energetic individual who is passionate about providing others with resources to live their best lives. I will partner with you during life's challenges and celebrate your victories, small or large. My style is to use humor and a laid back approach to make my clients feel immediately comfortable. I want to help you transform toward something amazing!
![Photo of Crystal Kay Grant, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b2a4340-5b6d-40af-a598-407fd713f7d5/1/320x400.jpeg)
As an empath I have utilized my special gift to help people feel safe, confident and connected to something powerful and beautiful within themselves. The journey of healing is a difficult process to embark and not going through it alone can make a world of difference. “Empathy is…communicating that incredibly healing message of, ‘you’re not alone.’” -Brene Brown
As an empath I have utilized my special gift to help people feel safe, confident and connected to something powerful and beautiful within themselves. The journey of healing is a difficult process to embark and not going through it alone can make a world of difference. “Empathy is…communicating that incredibly healing message of, ‘you’re not alone.’” -Brene Brown
![Photo of Clarissa (Lisa) Reed, MA, NCC, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4734fcca-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clarissa (Lisa) Reed
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
I work with individuals and couples, from ages 14 to 85. I address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, drug and alcohol addiction, marital and relationship issues, positive communication, positive parenting, behavior modification, goal and career setting, self esteem, personality and relationship enhancement. My view of counseling is a helping process. Helping you make positive choices about what you want to be, have, do, and give to others, and live a happy life. I will help you learn about your personality type and cope with stressors and past traumas in a confidential, safe and accepting environment.
I work with individuals and couples, from ages 14 to 85. I address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, drug and alcohol addiction, marital and relationship issues, positive communication, positive parenting, behavior modification, goal and career setting, self esteem, personality and relationship enhancement. My view of counseling is a helping process. Helping you make positive choices about what you want to be, have, do, and give to others, and live a happy life. I will help you learn about your personality type and cope with stressors and past traumas in a confidential, safe and accepting environment.
![Photo of Nicol Michelle Epple, PhD, ND](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e0723561-50f0-4b55-85ff-f5d70dac5f49/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello beautiful soul. Are you often depressed, stressed, and full of anxiety? Are you unhappy and dissatisfied with yourself and your life? Do unspoken traumas steal your peace? Perhaps you feel disconnected and unloved. Maybe you are a successful professional but feel very unfulfilled. There is a better way of existence, and you are worth finding it. As spiritual beings living a human experience, we are meant to become our best Selves and to live a life full of joy, peace, and fulfillment. You can experience clarity, confidence, and love.
Hello beautiful soul. Are you often depressed, stressed, and full of anxiety? Are you unhappy and dissatisfied with yourself and your life? Do unspoken traumas steal your peace? Perhaps you feel disconnected and unloved. Maybe you are a successful professional but feel very unfulfilled. There is a better way of existence, and you are worth finding it. As spiritual beings living a human experience, we are meant to become our best Selves and to live a life full of joy, peace, and fulfillment. You can experience clarity, confidence, and love.
![Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7ffc4e3f-e7ed-4651-a8f1-1490d77bc675/2/320x400.jpeg)
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16601
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
![Photo of Bernadette Thompson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f42a2c40-032e-42e6-8300-cb196227c59e/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello! My name is Bernadette, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I believe that you are the expert of your life and I am here to support and provide guidance while we work through your concerns. I work with children, teens and adults who have experienced trauma, who are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, low self-esteem, grief/loss and more.
Hello! My name is Bernadette, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I believe that you are the expert of your life and I am here to support and provide guidance while we work through your concerns. I work with children, teens and adults who have experienced trauma, who are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, low self-esteem, grief/loss and more.
![Photo of Michael David Hollen, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7bf2e770-964d-4757-b143-f3b308a84ebf/2/320x400.jpeg)
Michael David Hollen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602 (Online Only)
Hello! I am a licensed therapist practicing in Pennsylvania and working with a variety of clientele. I work with a variety of ages, from anyone from 12 and above. I'm also willing to work afternoons, weekends, and evenings to meet anyone where they need to be, should that be needed.
Hello! I am a licensed therapist practicing in Pennsylvania and working with a variety of clientele. I work with a variety of ages, from anyone from 12 and above. I'm also willing to work afternoons, weekends, and evenings to meet anyone where they need to be, should that be needed.
![Photo of Rachel Long - Rachel A. Long Counseling, LLC, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0d887256-680e-4000-a9b1-88748645f31a/2/320x400.png)
Rachel A. Long Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16601
Hello! My name is Rachel A. Long, licensed professional counselor and provide outpatient mental health services. I hold a master’s degree in Human Services and in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. It has been my pleasure to serve vulnerable populations within the human service field in Central PA for over 25 years. Currently, I work with teens (ages 13+), adults and families. My passion is to work with trauma and stress-related disorders, but I additionally work with issues stemming from anxiety, depression, grief and loss, adjustment issues, autism, PTSD, abuse, life transitions, and much more.
Hello! My name is Rachel A. Long, licensed professional counselor and provide outpatient mental health services. I hold a master’s degree in Human Services and in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. It has been my pleasure to serve vulnerable populations within the human service field in Central PA for over 25 years. Currently, I work with teens (ages 13+), adults and families. My passion is to work with trauma and stress-related disorders, but I additionally work with issues stemming from anxiety, depression, grief and loss, adjustment issues, autism, PTSD, abuse, life transitions, and much more.
I am an experienced and empathic marriage/family therapist that provides services to individuals, couples, and families for issues including relationship struggles, anxiety, depression, parent/child difficulties, co-parenting struggles, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and trauma/PTSD. I take pride in my ability to make people feel comfortable and safe. My office is a judgment-free space.
I am an experienced and empathic marriage/family therapist that provides services to individuals, couples, and families for issues including relationship struggles, anxiety, depression, parent/child difficulties, co-parenting struggles, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and trauma/PTSD. I take pride in my ability to make people feel comfortable and safe. My office is a judgment-free space.
Alison J Seltzer LPC LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
It is a privilege to be an Outpatient Therapist. My clients are the BEST teachers. I would like to teach my clients to be their own therapists and/or to re-parent their parts to function in this world at their highest ability. I completely and thoroughly appreciate and am grateful for every moment even the not so good ones (usually the lesson we need to learn). I want to help my clients learn happiness comes from within, happiness is their responsibility and we ALL deserve to be happy and to feel loved and accepted. The journey is the challenge and turning challenges into opportunities is the goal.
It is a privilege to be an Outpatient Therapist. My clients are the BEST teachers. I would like to teach my clients to be their own therapists and/or to re-parent their parts to function in this world at their highest ability. I completely and thoroughly appreciate and am grateful for every moment even the not so good ones (usually the lesson we need to learn). I want to help my clients learn happiness comes from within, happiness is their responsibility and we ALL deserve to be happy and to feel loved and accepted. The journey is the challenge and turning challenges into opportunities is the goal.
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![Photo of JoAnne Adams Butz, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/49492cff-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I work with people from all walks of life and develop an individualized therapeutic approach to meet the unique needs of each client. I work with those suffering from depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma, drug and alcohol issues, marital difficulties, parenting issues, and more.
I work with people from all walks of life and develop an individualized therapeutic approach to meet the unique needs of each client. I work with those suffering from depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma, drug and alcohol issues, marital difficulties, parenting issues, and more.
Bishop Dr James Edgar Litzinger Jr
Pastoral Counselor, LPPT, LCMFC, LCPT ,
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16601
A message to the client...I am here for you no matter how great or small the need is.The call is to help mend broken lives and ways of New beginnings.Everything is approached with Biblical standards and understanding.
A message to the client...I am here for you no matter how great or small the need is.The call is to help mend broken lives and ways of New beginnings.Everything is approached with Biblical standards and understanding.
![Photo of Joel A Gides - Mindfulscribe - Joel Gides, MS, LPC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7d577c59-ba9b-46b8-93b0-64c590c818e4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Mindfulscribe - Joel Gides, MS, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
Welcome! My name is Joel Gides. I am a licensed professional counselor, trauma certified, and mindfulness instructor. I have 16+ years experience integrating meditation and psychotherapy to adults with depression, anxiety, attention problems, relationship problems, unstable moods, and trauma. I maintain a growth-oriented view - honoring that each person travels their own unique journey through the spiral of their development. I love to see the moments of personal growth and transformation realized in each person through our work together, and aiding them toward their highest potentials.
Welcome! My name is Joel Gides. I am a licensed professional counselor, trauma certified, and mindfulness instructor. I have 16+ years experience integrating meditation and psychotherapy to adults with depression, anxiety, attention problems, relationship problems, unstable moods, and trauma. I maintain a growth-oriented view - honoring that each person travels their own unique journey through the spiral of their development. I love to see the moments of personal growth and transformation realized in each person through our work together, and aiding them toward their highest potentials.
![Photo of Jeanine Pearson - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/259d78ea-e414-4fad-9fe3-0af4ea192e9c/1/320x400.jpeg)
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
![Photo of Bethany Miller, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7d4e59e1-cc39-4547-8ff6-9f21391cbb83/1/320x400.jpeg)
Bethany Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Altoona, PA 16601
Waitlist for new clients
Morning and early afternoon availability for individuals ages 18 and up. Regardless of circumstances, I believe every person has the capacity and resilience within themselves to find the path they want to live. By providing education on possible approaches to help, and allowing you to decide what fits your needs, best demonstrates my understanding that you have the ability within to heal. Working together to understand the role emotions play, we can then understand the messages your emotions offer, increasing awareness of the changes needed in order to find your desired path.
Morning and early afternoon availability for individuals ages 18 and up. Regardless of circumstances, I believe every person has the capacity and resilience within themselves to find the path they want to live. By providing education on possible approaches to help, and allowing you to decide what fits your needs, best demonstrates my understanding that you have the ability within to heal. Working together to understand the role emotions play, we can then understand the messages your emotions offer, increasing awareness of the changes needed in order to find your desired path.
![Photo of Tamera Guenther - Eagles Counseling, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bfef04dd-725c-4a82-810b-085a40e82b08/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am Tamera Guenther and I am a therapist at Eagles Counseling. Are you looking for an expert trauma therapist? Are you looking for a safe place to talk to someone? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Is your marriage falling apart? Does your child have behavioral problems? I am here to help. I am willing to meet you where you are at. I specialize in CBT, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems. I also provide therapy for grief, depression, anxiety, and stress. I provide individual therapy for adolescents and adults. I also do couples counseling and family counseling.
I am Tamera Guenther and I am a therapist at Eagles Counseling. Are you looking for an expert trauma therapist? Are you looking for a safe place to talk to someone? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Is your marriage falling apart? Does your child have behavioral problems? I am here to help. I am willing to meet you where you are at. I specialize in CBT, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems. I also provide therapy for grief, depression, anxiety, and stress. I provide individual therapy for adolescents and adults. I also do couples counseling and family counseling.
![Photo of Jennifer Drager - Jennifer Drager-Agency Accepting New Patients!, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d152cbd7-40a8-48e1-90c2-c475b0efeba8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jennifer Drager-Agency Accepting New Patients!
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16601
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who has experience in the child welfare system. I have been working in the counseling field for over 10 years, and I have been license eligible since 2019. I have worked with families and individuals on a variety of different concerns. I am a certified Safe Care parenting coach, and a Certified Family Trauma Professional. I have recently been working towards a a Trauma Focused CBT certification. I have experience working with families and improving communication concerns between parents and children.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who has experience in the child welfare system. I have been working in the counseling field for over 10 years, and I have been license eligible since 2019. I have worked with families and individuals on a variety of different concerns. I am a certified Safe Care parenting coach, and a Certified Family Trauma Professional. I have recently been working towards a a Trauma Focused CBT certification. I have experience working with families and improving communication concerns between parents and children.
![Photo of Jacquelyn Bollinger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d73ea49d-7f11-43cf-b83c-6ba0b0098163/3/320x400.jpeg)
Jacquelyn Bollinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16601 (Online Only)
Hi and Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) working with individuals all over Pennsylvania. My goal as a therapist is to help individuals through difficult, stressful, painful and sometimes scary times by providing a supportive environment where they are met with compassion and understanding. I have been working in the mental health field for over 15 years and have 8 years of clinical practice. I have treated individuals with various presenting concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, suicidal ideation, ADHD, stress management, grief, anger management, life transitions and more.
Hi and Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) working with individuals all over Pennsylvania. My goal as a therapist is to help individuals through difficult, stressful, painful and sometimes scary times by providing a supportive environment where they are met with compassion and understanding. I have been working in the mental health field for over 15 years and have 8 years of clinical practice. I have treated individuals with various presenting concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, suicidal ideation, ADHD, stress management, grief, anger management, life transitions and more.
![Photo of Eileen Woods, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/aae00d63-e264-4707-980f-55206c4f08da/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am dedicated to helping people overcome their struggles and become more connected with themselves and others. I've worked in Human Services since 1995 and have been a Mental Health Therapist since 2002. My training includes many modalities but what I find to be the most important is understanding where people are in their lives through actively listening to people's experience, being supportive and identifying what works best for each person. This creates a safe environment where people feel heard, accepted and validated..
I am dedicated to helping people overcome their struggles and become more connected with themselves and others. I've worked in Human Services since 1995 and have been a Mental Health Therapist since 2002. My training includes many modalities but what I find to be the most important is understanding where people are in their lives through actively listening to people's experience, being supportive and identifying what works best for each person. This creates a safe environment where people feel heard, accepted and validated..
See more therapy options for Altoona
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Altoona, PA
40+
Average cost per session
$120
Therapists in Altoona, PA who prioritize treating:
88% | Depression |
86% | Anxiety |
83% | Trauma and PTSD |
83% | Coping Skills |
74% | Relationship Issues |
74% | Self Esteem |
69% | Grief |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
89% | Highmark |
68% | Aetna |
68% | Optum |
How Therapists in Altoona, PA see their clients
77% | In Person and Online | |
23% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
87% | Female | |
11% | Male | |
2% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Altoona?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.