Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Julie Gustafson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Gustafson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I provide generalist psychotherapy and consulting/coaching for personal development, achievement, performance anxiety and overall emotional well-being. I have specialties in creativity, peak performance, sexuality and relationships. My therapeutic style is warm, supportive, relaxed, and sometimes humorous. My performance coaching style is direct, motivational and authentic. With 21 years of extensive experience in mental health and personal development, my one-on-one sessions with you will be grounded in broad-ranging and comprehensive training, as well as evidence-based intervention, including my own research work at UCLA.
I provide generalist psychotherapy and consulting/coaching for personal development, achievement, performance anxiety and overall emotional well-being. I have specialties in creativity, peak performance, sexuality and relationships. My therapeutic style is warm, supportive, relaxed, and sometimes humorous. My performance coaching style is direct, motivational and authentic. With 21 years of extensive experience in mental health and personal development, my one-on-one sessions with you will be grounded in broad-ranging and comprehensive training, as well as evidence-based intervention, including my own research work at UCLA.
(424) 363-8760 View (424) 363-8760
Photo of Nora Bice, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nora Bice
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90027  (Online Only)
Looking for anxiety therapy with a feminist twist? Since 2011, I have been helping women challenge and replace the societal messages they've been given about who they are and what they're worth. If this sounds like your experience and it's causing you to feel anxious, overwhelmed, and unsure of who you are and what you want, let's talk!
Looking for anxiety therapy with a feminist twist? Since 2011, I have been helping women challenge and replace the societal messages they've been given about who they are and what they're worth. If this sounds like your experience and it's causing you to feel anxious, overwhelmed, and unsure of who you are and what you want, let's talk!
(818) 810-7768 View (818) 810-7768
Photo of Shana Bujake, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Shana Bujake
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Are you struggling with the impact of trauma, navigating challenging relationships, or healing from narcissistic abuse? I'm here to support you on your journey toward healing and growth. Specializing in working with individuals and couples, I provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences and emotions.
Are you struggling with the impact of trauma, navigating challenging relationships, or healing from narcissistic abuse? I'm here to support you on your journey toward healing and growth. Specializing in working with individuals and couples, I provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences and emotions.
(213) 725-2390 View (213) 725-2390
Photo of Lilyana Verdusco, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lilyana Verdusco
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90019  (Online Only)
Are you tired of short-term solutions that don’t help long term? Finding yourself overly frustrated or agitated, but can’t figure out why? We do our best to handle all the challenges that life throws at us but sometimes we are left feeling like it’s not enough. My goal is to create a space to learn about the multiple influences of life that undoubtedly affect the way we function.
Are you tired of short-term solutions that don’t help long term? Finding yourself overly frustrated or agitated, but can’t figure out why? We do our best to handle all the challenges that life throws at us but sometimes we are left feeling like it’s not enough. My goal is to create a space to learn about the multiple influences of life that undoubtedly affect the way we function.
(213) 510-1773 View (213) 510-1773
Photo of Mark Triboulet, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mark Triboulet
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90065
Hi, my name is Mark Triboulet and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. It is my goal to provide a safe environment where clients have the freedom to work through their pain, fears, and the unknown of what burdens them. I approach counseling in an open and honest format meeting clients where they are with genuine empathy and care. I strive to instill hope, healing, and empowerment with each client as we walk shoulder to shoulder through YOUR goals and desired changes.
Hi, my name is Mark Triboulet and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. It is my goal to provide a safe environment where clients have the freedom to work through their pain, fears, and the unknown of what burdens them. I approach counseling in an open and honest format meeting clients where they are with genuine empathy and care. I strive to instill hope, healing, and empowerment with each client as we walk shoulder to shoulder through YOUR goals and desired changes.
(323) 817-0651 View (323) 817-0651
Photo of Dr. Colleen Davidoff, PsyD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Colleen Davidoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Over the last 16 years, I have worked with people of all ages and diverse backgrounds, making my clinical approach one that is individually tailored, culturally affirming, and compassionate. I work collaboratively with my clients, helping empower them to make changes through open communication, and education. I am passionate about helping my clients engage in identity exploration, exploring sense of self, sense of purpose, navigating life transitions, and improving relationships. While providing honest feedback, together we will explore choices, attain coping strategies, highlight progress, and recognize strengths.
Over the last 16 years, I have worked with people of all ages and diverse backgrounds, making my clinical approach one that is individually tailored, culturally affirming, and compassionate. I work collaboratively with my clients, helping empower them to make changes through open communication, and education. I am passionate about helping my clients engage in identity exploration, exploring sense of self, sense of purpose, navigating life transitions, and improving relationships. While providing honest feedback, together we will explore choices, attain coping strategies, highlight progress, and recognize strengths.
(213) 698-8987 View (213) 698-8987
Photo of Shushanik Gaboian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shushanik Gaboian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
My therapy style is centered around creating a safe and nurturing space where you can comfortably explore your inner world. I am committed to supporting you in befriending the parts of yourself that you find challenging to accept. With a deep passion for helping individuals integrate their struggles into a persona of strength and resilience, I strive to empower you on your healing journey. Throughout my 9 years as a clinical therapist, I have incorporated trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches into my practice.
My therapy style is centered around creating a safe and nurturing space where you can comfortably explore your inner world. I am committed to supporting you in befriending the parts of yourself that you find challenging to accept. With a deep passion for helping individuals integrate their struggles into a persona of strength and resilience, I strive to empower you on your healing journey. Throughout my 9 years as a clinical therapist, I have incorporated trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches into my practice.
(424) 699-3071 View (424) 699-3071
Photo of Fii Sperling, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Fii Sperling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90029
Creating anti-oppressive queer trauma therapy is something that is really important to me. Living in oppressive systems can leave us feeling stuck and overwhelmed, unable to break out from learned patterns and connect to our authentic selves. That is why I utilize EMDR and eclectic approaches to support LGBTQIA+ clients through their difficulties and deeply heal from traumatic events.
Creating anti-oppressive queer trauma therapy is something that is really important to me. Living in oppressive systems can leave us feeling stuck and overwhelmed, unable to break out from learned patterns and connect to our authentic selves. That is why I utilize EMDR and eclectic approaches to support LGBTQIA+ clients through their difficulties and deeply heal from traumatic events.
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Photo of Rebecca Sosa, MA, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rebecca Sosa
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Times are tough, whether it's navigating anxiety, burnout, depression, career transitions in entertainment, or deep-seated experiences that influence well-being. I offer compassionate guidance and a nurturing environment for exploration. Specializing in teens, adults with ADHD, film/tv professionals, and couples from diverse backgrounds, including those in interracial, queer, and/or non-monogamous relationships, my aim is to empower you in your personal growth.
Times are tough, whether it's navigating anxiety, burnout, depression, career transitions in entertainment, or deep-seated experiences that influence well-being. I offer compassionate guidance and a nurturing environment for exploration. Specializing in teens, adults with ADHD, film/tv professionals, and couples from diverse backgrounds, including those in interracial, queer, and/or non-monogamous relationships, my aim is to empower you in your personal growth.
(323) 489-4880 View (323) 489-4880
Photo of Tairou Smith, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tairou Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Life can be complicated, and there isn’t a handbook for managing issues like anxiety, depression, addiction, and relationships. It’s important to know that you’re not alone, and these challenges are opportunities for growth. You’re probably here because you feel it’s time to “do something different.” Let our team at Meridian Counseling guide you on this journey.
Life can be complicated, and there isn’t a handbook for managing issues like anxiety, depression, addiction, and relationships. It’s important to know that you’re not alone, and these challenges are opportunities for growth. You’re probably here because you feel it’s time to “do something different.” Let our team at Meridian Counseling guide you on this journey.
(424) 217-7454 View (424) 217-7454
Photo of Ted Williams, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ted Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
I offer professional service, in a beautiful and calming environment for a fair rate. I've found that creating a supportive, safe and nurturing environment is essential to inspiring growth and I truly enjoy working with my clients on whatever troubles they are facing.
I offer professional service, in a beautiful and calming environment for a fair rate. I've found that creating a supportive, safe and nurturing environment is essential to inspiring growth and I truly enjoy working with my clients on whatever troubles they are facing.
(213) 481-6817 View (213) 481-6817
Photo of Lauren Lee, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lauren Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90065  (Online Only)
Hello, I’m Lauren, and I’m passionate about people. I believe that folks have the potential to be their best selves when they feel psychologically safe and comfortable. I partner with my clients to create this space in the therapy session. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in the belief that each individual’s journey is unique and deserving of respect. I attempt to offer a comprehensive perspective that values your personal narrative. I view therapy as a collaborative process, where we work together to explore your identity, navigate life’s challenges, and foster meaningful change.
Hello, I’m Lauren, and I’m passionate about people. I believe that folks have the potential to be their best selves when they feel psychologically safe and comfortable. I partner with my clients to create this space in the therapy session. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in the belief that each individual’s journey is unique and deserving of respect. I attempt to offer a comprehensive perspective that values your personal narrative. I view therapy as a collaborative process, where we work together to explore your identity, navigate life’s challenges, and foster meaningful change.
(323) 918-5672 View (323) 918-5672
Photo of Polly Grant, MA, DEdPsy, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Polly Grant
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, DEdPsy
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
I provide therapy to people across the lifespan, from young children to older adults, as well as couples and families. While the methods may change depending on age and circumstance the goals are often similar: to feel understood, to connect, and to grow. I work in a respectful, collaborative and creative way to explore the parts of self that might be contributing to feelings of stagnation and being stuck. I was previously licensed as an Educational and Child Psychologist in the UK and I have extensive experience in schools, working with children, parents and faculty to support student growth and wellbeing.
I provide therapy to people across the lifespan, from young children to older adults, as well as couples and families. While the methods may change depending on age and circumstance the goals are often similar: to feel understood, to connect, and to grow. I work in a respectful, collaborative and creative way to explore the parts of self that might be contributing to feelings of stagnation and being stuck. I was previously licensed as an Educational and Child Psychologist in the UK and I have extensive experience in schools, working with children, parents and faculty to support student growth and wellbeing.
(626) 344-0458 View (626) 344-0458
Photo of Angela Paniagua, MS, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Angela Paniagua
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064  (Online Only)
It's okay to feel overwhelmed or not be positive all the time. It's okay to ask for help and to be human. It's these very real and raw emotions that often pave the way for growth and resilience. As a practitioner, I offer a safe space where you can explore your vulnerabilities, confront your challenges, and cultivate the strength within you. My approach is grounded in evidence-based therapies tailored to meet each person's unique needs and goals. I also specialize in working with athletes and high performers.
It's okay to feel overwhelmed or not be positive all the time. It's okay to ask for help and to be human. It's these very real and raw emotions that often pave the way for growth and resilience. As a practitioner, I offer a safe space where you can explore your vulnerabilities, confront your challenges, and cultivate the strength within you. My approach is grounded in evidence-based therapies tailored to meet each person's unique needs and goals. I also specialize in working with athletes and high performers.
(818) 862-3407 View (818) 862-3407
Photo of Dr. Marissa Tunis, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Marissa Tunis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Life can feel overwhelming when you're weighed down by unresolved trauma, relentless anxiety, or the deep pain of grief. You might find yourself stuck in ruminations that keep you from moving forward—whether you're a high achiever in entertainment or tech, or someone supported by your family just launching - mental health issues hold us back from reaching our full potential. Navigating a painful breakup or struggling with people-pleasing, humans can find themselves in patterns they can’t seem to break. But there’s hope. Together, we can work through these heavy emotions, helping you find relief and renewed purpose.
Life can feel overwhelming when you're weighed down by unresolved trauma, relentless anxiety, or the deep pain of grief. You might find yourself stuck in ruminations that keep you from moving forward—whether you're a high achiever in entertainment or tech, or someone supported by your family just launching - mental health issues hold us back from reaching our full potential. Navigating a painful breakup or struggling with people-pleasing, humans can find themselves in patterns they can’t seem to break. But there’s hope. Together, we can work through these heavy emotions, helping you find relief and renewed purpose.
(424) 622-1099 View (424) 622-1099
Photo of Dr. Sadie Mohler, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Sadie Mohler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026
Our past experiences can shape how we feel and act in the present. What was once an adaptive strategy to survive can now leave us stuck and miserable. We might feel like even though we “know better” we continue to engage in the same patterns. I can help you develop insight about how your past shapes your present and I can help you interrupt destructive patterns to feel more at ease, authentic, and agentic. In addition to helping folks understand the origins of their suffering, I also help people build the capacity to turn towards struggles with compassion. I believe that as we tend to our wounds, profound healing can occur.
Our past experiences can shape how we feel and act in the present. What was once an adaptive strategy to survive can now leave us stuck and miserable. We might feel like even though we “know better” we continue to engage in the same patterns. I can help you develop insight about how your past shapes your present and I can help you interrupt destructive patterns to feel more at ease, authentic, and agentic. In addition to helping folks understand the origins of their suffering, I also help people build the capacity to turn towards struggles with compassion. I believe that as we tend to our wounds, profound healing can occur.
(323) 990-8780 View (323) 990-8780
Photo of Sophie Offer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Offer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
My mission is to help you decrease suffering and increase life satisfaction. I am a believer in the idea that though pain is inevitable, suffering is optional. The principles I live by for creating a fulfilling life include building self-esteem, living a values-based life, and effectively navigating pain. I will support you in this through both a psychodynamic approach and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). I have experience working with a variety of obstacles, including anxiety disorders, substance abuse, depressive disorders, interpersonal conflicts, and the overall challenges arising from living life on life's terms.
My mission is to help you decrease suffering and increase life satisfaction. I am a believer in the idea that though pain is inevitable, suffering is optional. The principles I live by for creating a fulfilling life include building self-esteem, living a values-based life, and effectively navigating pain. I will support you in this through both a psychodynamic approach and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). I have experience working with a variety of obstacles, including anxiety disorders, substance abuse, depressive disorders, interpersonal conflicts, and the overall challenges arising from living life on life's terms.
(310) 706-2829 View (310) 706-2829
Photo of Darls Centola, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darls Centola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Not accepting new clients
I’m a psychotherapist, educator, and clinical supervisor with over 25 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. As a Certified EMDR therapist I specialize in utilizing an Attachment-focused approach to address a wide range of issues, including trauma, depression, relationship struggles, attachment wounds, anxiety disorders, and creative blocks. Additionally, I employ Internal Family Systems Therapy, a highly effective therapeutic method that promotes harmonious integration among our inner 'parts' that may be in conflict.
I’m a psychotherapist, educator, and clinical supervisor with over 25 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. As a Certified EMDR therapist I specialize in utilizing an Attachment-focused approach to address a wide range of issues, including trauma, depression, relationship struggles, attachment wounds, anxiety disorders, and creative blocks. Additionally, I employ Internal Family Systems Therapy, a highly effective therapeutic method that promotes harmonious integration among our inner 'parts' that may be in conflict.
(310) 439-5386 View (310) 439-5386
Photo of Dr. Michelle Jackson, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Michelle Jackson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Whether you are struggling with relationships or dating, parenting, finding your purpose, or feeling anxious, stressed, or depressed, beginning therapy can be the first step to finding relief. My work is guided by the notion that therapy should be, above all, helpful. Some days, you may find that you want specific techniques and strategies. Other days, you may benefit from a patient, listening ear. Sometimes, you may wish to delve into earlier experiences to understand why you are feeling the way you do. I believe these are all important aspects of the therapeutic journey, and I am here to here to help you in the ways you need most.
Whether you are struggling with relationships or dating, parenting, finding your purpose, or feeling anxious, stressed, or depressed, beginning therapy can be the first step to finding relief. My work is guided by the notion that therapy should be, above all, helpful. Some days, you may find that you want specific techniques and strategies. Other days, you may benefit from a patient, listening ear. Sometimes, you may wish to delve into earlier experiences to understand why you are feeling the way you do. I believe these are all important aspects of the therapeutic journey, and I am here to here to help you in the ways you need most.
(818) 696-4843 View (818) 696-4843
Photo of Jamie Morales, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Hi, my name is Jamie Morales. I am a licensed clinical social worker and feel strongly about mental health and well-being. I use a client-centered approach, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based therapy, among other modalities and interventions. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as grief counseling and stress management. The most common therapeutic approaches I use in my practice are cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness, compassion-based therapy, and trauma-informed care.
Hi, my name is Jamie Morales. I am a licensed clinical social worker and feel strongly about mental health and well-being. I use a client-centered approach, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based therapy, among other modalities and interventions. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as grief counseling and stress management. The most common therapeutic approaches I use in my practice are cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness, compassion-based therapy, and trauma-informed care.
(424) 587-0812 View (424) 587-0812
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.