Therapists in Andover, MA

Photo of Michael Levy - Michael Levy, Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Michael Levy, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
It is intimidating to begin therapy. When seeing a therapist, you must feel comfortable and understood. Over the years, I have worked in many different settings and am able to connect with most anyone who seeks therapy. I believe that you will feel at ease with me and will safe to explore yourself. I work with adolescents, their families, adults, and couples. I will help you to figure out what keeps you stuck and how to get un-stuck so that you can lead a more satisfying life. I am trained in many approaches, I love what I do, and bring passion to my work.
It is intimidating to begin therapy. When seeing a therapist, you must feel comfortable and understood. Over the years, I have worked in many different settings and am able to connect with most anyone who seeks therapy. I believe that you will feel at ease with me and will safe to explore yourself. I work with adolescents, their families, adults, and couples. I will help you to figure out what keeps you stuck and how to get un-stuck so that you can lead a more satisfying life. I am trained in many approaches, I love what I do, and bring passion to my work.
(978) 965-2753 View (978) 965-2753
Photo of Jennifer A Rogers-Burke - Andover Social Development Counseling LICSW, EdS, LICSW, MSW, EdS, CAGS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andover Social Development Counseling LICSW, EdS
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW, EdS, CAGS
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
Andover Social Development and Counseling Center offers combinations of psychotherapy / varied therapeutic, counseling services with direct instruction of social skills, coping strategies, individual behavior plans, relaxation techniques and functioning skills to provide clients with the necessary resiliency tools to overcome stressors, low frustration tolerance, fears, loss, relationship conflict and social challenges.
Andover Social Development and Counseling Center offers combinations of psychotherapy / varied therapeutic, counseling services with direct instruction of social skills, coping strategies, individual behavior plans, relaxation techniques and functioning skills to provide clients with the necessary resiliency tools to overcome stressors, low frustration tolerance, fears, loss, relationship conflict and social challenges.
(978) 320-3189 View (978) 320-3189
Photo of Sheila Marie Tucke, MSW, LICSW, CAGS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheila Marie Tucke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CAGS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
I have had a private therapy practice in Andover and Westford, Ma. for nearly 30 years. During this time, I have worked with those struggling with a variety of concerns including relationships, parenting, identity, work and careers, depression, anxiety, trauma, school and education, gender, and cultures. Generally, the individuals, couples, and families with whom I work come to my office in some sort of pain or discomfort as they move back and forth between their real and ideal lives.The conversations we have shed light on what is happening and to try to help reduce feelings of pain and distress.
I have had a private therapy practice in Andover and Westford, Ma. for nearly 30 years. During this time, I have worked with those struggling with a variety of concerns including relationships, parenting, identity, work and careers, depression, anxiety, trauma, school and education, gender, and cultures. Generally, the individuals, couples, and families with whom I work come to my office in some sort of pain or discomfort as they move back and forth between their real and ideal lives.The conversations we have shed light on what is happening and to try to help reduce feelings of pain and distress.
(978) 631-4505 View (978) 631-4505
Photo of Sara P Silva - Avista Counseling LLC, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Avista Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
Sometimes talking through our feelings and emotions can be helpful as we deal with day to day stressors. Whether you or your child is experiencing situational or environmental stressors or are coping with life-long biological symptoms or past trauma, the highly trained team at Avista Counseling can support you through your challenges. Let us help you manifest the changes you desire. There is no dress rehearsal in life. Together we will create an individual and/or family plan of productivity and happiness and bring it to fruition.
Sometimes talking through our feelings and emotions can be helpful as we deal with day to day stressors. Whether you or your child is experiencing situational or environmental stressors or are coping with life-long biological symptoms or past trauma, the highly trained team at Avista Counseling can support you through your challenges. Let us help you manifest the changes you desire. There is no dress rehearsal in life. Together we will create an individual and/or family plan of productivity and happiness and bring it to fruition.
(508) 465-2047 View (508) 465-2047
Photo of George Mouzakis - Integrated Behavioral Care- Andover, PhD, LICSW, LMHC, NP, MD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Integrated Behavioral Care- Andover
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW, LMHC, NP, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
09/3/24- Accepting NEW Clients! (Children, Preteens, Teens, Adults.) Integrated Behavioral Care is committed to strengthening individuals, families and communities by providing compassionate care and evidence-based psychology services. Our clinicians are committed to a growth mindset, and to the overall health and wellness of those we serve. Our goal is to make mental health services an accessible and routine form of preventative healthcare for all.
09/3/24- Accepting NEW Clients! (Children, Preteens, Teens, Adults.) Integrated Behavioral Care is committed to strengthening individuals, families and communities by providing compassionate care and evidence-based psychology services. Our clinicians are committed to a growth mindset, and to the overall health and wellness of those we serve. Our goal is to make mental health services an accessible and routine form of preventative healthcare for all.
(508) 901-2264 x1 View (508) 901-2264 x1
Photo of Kate Ryan, MS, MHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kate Ryan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MHC
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
Compassion and comfort are two of the key building blocks that an effective therapist can offer to their clients. I strive to meet my clients where they are and work hard to support the development of understanding, insight, and daily coping skills. I have experience working with a wide variety of issues and work together with each client to create a warm and accepting space where I believe change is possible for all.
Compassion and comfort are two of the key building blocks that an effective therapist can offer to their clients. I strive to meet my clients where they are and work hard to support the development of understanding, insight, and daily coping skills. I have experience working with a wide variety of issues and work together with each client to create a warm and accepting space where I believe change is possible for all.
(508) 882-6704 View (508) 882-6704
Photo of Brandon Shea, LMHC, Counselor
Brandon Shea
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
I have significant counseling experience over the past decade plus and bring a bit of wisdom from each relationship gained along the way. I am trained in and offer specialty EMDR treatment for those aiming to heal from trauma or reduce distressing levels of anxiety/depression. I mix in interventions from narrative therapy, internal family systems parts work, as well as DBT to move clients towards desired results in a timely fashion. I work mostly in a 1:1 capacity with adults and adolescents where positive identity development and relational growth, such as setting healthy boundaries and self-advocacy skill building, are emphasized.
I have significant counseling experience over the past decade plus and bring a bit of wisdom from each relationship gained along the way. I am trained in and offer specialty EMDR treatment for those aiming to heal from trauma or reduce distressing levels of anxiety/depression. I mix in interventions from narrative therapy, internal family systems parts work, as well as DBT to move clients towards desired results in a timely fashion. I work mostly in a 1:1 capacity with adults and adolescents where positive identity development and relational growth, such as setting healthy boundaries and self-advocacy skill building, are emphasized.
(978) 733-8844 View (978) 733-8844
Photo of Stepfan Jones, LCSW, MSW
Stepfan Jones
LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with all types of individuals in various walks of life. I have worked with individuals with depression, anxiety, and anger issues to name a few. Working to help individuals cope with life's challenges. I have also spent time in the school system working with adolescents with school issues and life challenges, and college students as a spiritual counselor and life coach. My latest journey has been working with individuals who wrestle with substance use challenges. Also offering life coaching in GA and FL (Private pay only)
I enjoy working with all types of individuals in various walks of life. I have worked with individuals with depression, anxiety, and anger issues to name a few. Working to help individuals cope with life's challenges. I have also spent time in the school system working with adolescents with school issues and life challenges, and college students as a spiritual counselor and life coach. My latest journey has been working with individuals who wrestle with substance use challenges. Also offering life coaching in GA and FL (Private pay only)
(339) 201-3459 View (339) 201-3459
Photo of Christina M Connolly, LMHC, Counselor
Christina M Connolly
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about supporting families whether it be couples struggling with conflict, infidelity, communication, mental health concerns or parenting issues; adults who have been faced with a trauma or challenges that may be overwhelming for them; adults struggling with mental health concerns, or trauma. I believe in treating the whole person. This includes considering their mind, body, and spirit as well as exploring the family system to understand and discover who they are on many levels. I work collaboratively with individuals to empower them to build their "tool box" of skills in order to face future challenges.
I am passionate about supporting families whether it be couples struggling with conflict, infidelity, communication, mental health concerns or parenting issues; adults who have been faced with a trauma or challenges that may be overwhelming for them; adults struggling with mental health concerns, or trauma. I believe in treating the whole person. This includes considering their mind, body, and spirit as well as exploring the family system to understand and discover who they are on many levels. I work collaboratively with individuals to empower them to build their "tool box" of skills in order to face future challenges.
(617) 934-6069 View (617) 934-6069
Photo of Spencer Bardwell, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Spencer Bardwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
Currently accepting New Clients. I have worked with many clients managing a variety of challenges during my time in the helping field, and I am very excited by the possibility to get to work with you too! My priority in therapy is to honor and value the therapeutic relationship, while creating a safe space conducive to healing. I hope to help each individual develop an understanding of their life story, one which they feel encapsulates their values and makes sense for them. I believe in a strengths based approach to therapy, one in which each individual is the expert of their story as we work together to discover a path forward.
Currently accepting New Clients. I have worked with many clients managing a variety of challenges during my time in the helping field, and I am very excited by the possibility to get to work with you too! My priority in therapy is to honor and value the therapeutic relationship, while creating a safe space conducive to healing. I hope to help each individual develop an understanding of their life story, one which they feel encapsulates their values and makes sense for them. I believe in a strengths based approach to therapy, one in which each individual is the expert of their story as we work together to discover a path forward.
(508) 594-3197 View (508) 594-3197
Photo of Channing Storey, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Channing Storey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
Please reach out via email if interested in scheduling an initial assessment/session. I hold the foundational view that all of our stories occur within the context of the family, cultural, and social systems in which we live. Therefore, the pressure and supports that each of these systems provide are integral parts of both how we experience challenges and how we heal them. In each session, I utilize a strengths-based approach as well as my training in Family Systems Therapy to contour the work in order to find greater balance in client’s lives.
Please reach out via email if interested in scheduling an initial assessment/session. I hold the foundational view that all of our stories occur within the context of the family, cultural, and social systems in which we live. Therefore, the pressure and supports that each of these systems provide are integral parts of both how we experience challenges and how we heal them. In each session, I utilize a strengths-based approach as well as my training in Family Systems Therapy to contour the work in order to find greater balance in client’s lives.
(351) 777-2401 x7 View (351) 777-2401 x7
Photo of Jennifer Munoz, LMHC, Counselor
Jennifer Munoz
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with the passion to help people make positive changes for themselves. My work in an outpatient clinic has provided me with invaluable experience working with individuals, couples, and groups addressing a range of concerns from depression, anxiety, addiction, personality disorders, and thought disorders to life transitions, multicultural considerations, social justice, relationship challenges, and stress-management. I specialize in working with adolescents, college-age students, and adults.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with the passion to help people make positive changes for themselves. My work in an outpatient clinic has provided me with invaluable experience working with individuals, couples, and groups addressing a range of concerns from depression, anxiety, addiction, personality disorders, and thought disorders to life transitions, multicultural considerations, social justice, relationship challenges, and stress-management. I specialize in working with adolescents, college-age students, and adults.
(508) 466-4731 View (508) 466-4731
Photo of Kristie Jones, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristie Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
"Choosing to use therapy as a support is a personal decision. Sometimes people believe they have an idea of what therapy is all about and others are not sure what to expect. The truth is, therapy can be a number of things from a place to decompress, a place to address personal issues/struggles, a place to learn new skills to include in your lifestyle, etc. What your therapeutic experience will be shall be defined by you, your therapist and what you have gained from therapy. Finding the right therapist you feel comfortable with is essential to this process.
"Choosing to use therapy as a support is a personal decision. Sometimes people believe they have an idea of what therapy is all about and others are not sure what to expect. The truth is, therapy can be a number of things from a place to decompress, a place to address personal issues/struggles, a place to learn new skills to include in your lifestyle, etc. What your therapeutic experience will be shall be defined by you, your therapist and what you have gained from therapy. Finding the right therapist you feel comfortable with is essential to this process.
(978) 326-9589 View (978) 326-9589
Photo of Chingju Grace Chen - Grace Chen, PhD, LMFT, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Grace Chen, PhD, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
I work with clients from a relational perspective based on the attachment model. In the past 25 years, I have worked extensively with adult clients individually or as a couple to work through depression, anxiety, and other mental health illnesses due to the relational trauma with their significant others. We will work together to process through old relationship patterns related to mental illness, rebuild a secure attachment experience, and build a new working model for your life. Our work together is to transform traumatic experiences into a fulfilled and satisfying life.
I work with clients from a relational perspective based on the attachment model. In the past 25 years, I have worked extensively with adult clients individually or as a couple to work through depression, anxiety, and other mental health illnesses due to the relational trauma with their significant others. We will work together to process through old relationship patterns related to mental illness, rebuild a secure attachment experience, and build a new working model for your life. Our work together is to transform traumatic experiences into a fulfilled and satisfying life.
(978) 384-1760 View (978) 384-1760
Photo of Jamie L King, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie L King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
I am here and I am ready to help with change of all types. My ideal client will have an idea of what changes they want in their lives and are willing to put the hard work in to get there. I will cheer you on and support you every step of the way. I am currently licensed to practice in the following states: Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Tennessee. Please note, at this time there is a waitlist for people needing after school or evening sessions. Children under 15 can be seen in person only.
I am here and I am ready to help with change of all types. My ideal client will have an idea of what changes they want in their lives and are willing to put the hard work in to get there. I will cheer you on and support you every step of the way. I am currently licensed to practice in the following states: Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Tennessee. Please note, at this time there is a waitlist for people needing after school or evening sessions. Children under 15 can be seen in person only.
(508) 625-9413 View (508) 625-9413
Photo of Maryluz Arling, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maryluz Arling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810  (Online Only)
In the chaos of life, we can all feel stuck. Asking for help to navigate these struggles can be the first step you may need. I have over 20 years of experience working with foster care, adoption, addressing grief, loss and trauma. Your vulnerabilities will be protected and honored. I will guide you, provide support and encouragement, as we work collaboratively to achieve your desired goals.
In the chaos of life, we can all feel stuck. Asking for help to navigate these struggles can be the first step you may need. I have over 20 years of experience working with foster care, adoption, addressing grief, loss and trauma. Your vulnerabilities will be protected and honored. I will guide you, provide support and encouragement, as we work collaboratively to achieve your desired goals.
(978) 480-8442 View (978) 480-8442
Photo of Kayla Haskin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kayla Haskin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
I specialize in working with children to build their existing social-emotional skills in conjunction with their parents to best support the family's journey. This work includes building skills to improve positive communication, emotional regulation, ability to identify and understand feelings, social relationships, and other challenges they may be experiencing, including anxiety and depression. My experience has made me passionate about the importance of using a collaborative approach to child therapy. I believe that individuals and families are experts in their own lives.
I specialize in working with children to build their existing social-emotional skills in conjunction with their parents to best support the family's journey. This work includes building skills to improve positive communication, emotional regulation, ability to identify and understand feelings, social relationships, and other challenges they may be experiencing, including anxiety and depression. My experience has made me passionate about the importance of using a collaborative approach to child therapy. I believe that individuals and families are experts in their own lives.
(508) 690-4429 View (508) 690-4429
Photo of Zachary Robertson, LMHC, Counselor
Zachary Robertson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
I am a licensed mental health counselor with experience working in community mental health providing counseling to individuals and groups. I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults but have experience working with children, families, and adults. With my work in an outpatient clinic, I have treated a variety of emotional and mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, health complications, and stress-related issues. Throughout my work, I use an eclectic approach that combines elements of cognitive behavioral, person-centered, and dialectical behavioral therapies.
I am a licensed mental health counselor with experience working in community mental health providing counseling to individuals and groups. I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults but have experience working with children, families, and adults. With my work in an outpatient clinic, I have treated a variety of emotional and mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, health complications, and stress-related issues. Throughout my work, I use an eclectic approach that combines elements of cognitive behavioral, person-centered, and dialectical behavioral therapies.
(508) 257-7723 View (508) 257-7723
Photo of Megan Harvey, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Harvey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
My clients struggle with feeling stuck, hopeless and exhausted, both as individuals, life partners or parents, lacking peace in their life and relationships due to unresolved trauma. Trauma is often the root cause of chronic mental and physical health issues, the inability to maintain healthy relationships, and low self worth. Trauma can seep into every aspect of your life. I specialize in clients with trauma and complex trauma. I facilitate an environment for clients to identify unresolved trauma and how it has impacted their lives in past and present relationship cycles.
My clients struggle with feeling stuck, hopeless and exhausted, both as individuals, life partners or parents, lacking peace in their life and relationships due to unresolved trauma. Trauma is often the root cause of chronic mental and physical health issues, the inability to maintain healthy relationships, and low self worth. Trauma can seep into every aspect of your life. I specialize in clients with trauma and complex trauma. I facilitate an environment for clients to identify unresolved trauma and how it has impacted their lives in past and present relationship cycles.
(781) 506-1197 View (781) 506-1197
Photo of David Wilensky, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Wilensky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Andover, MA 01810
My ideal client is anyone who wants to feel and function better and is willing to engage in therapeutic conversations about their life and experiences. Clients who work well with me are ready to reject shame. They describe feeling trapped or powerless, with a constant, withering, internal buzz-saw of self-criticism. They sometimes don't fit categories or want to. They get angry sometimes and aren't always nice. They're stronger than they know. All they need to do is talk. And therapy works.
My ideal client is anyone who wants to feel and function better and is willing to engage in therapeutic conversations about their life and experiences. Clients who work well with me are ready to reject shame. They describe feeling trapped or powerless, with a constant, withering, internal buzz-saw of self-criticism. They sometimes don't fit categories or want to. They get angry sometimes and aren't always nice. They're stronger than they know. All they need to do is talk. And therapy works.
(978) 487-5992 View (978) 487-5992
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Andover, MA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Andover, MA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
76% Coping Skills
74% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Optum
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Andover, MA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Andover?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.