Therapists in San Pedro, CA

Photo of Nina Ashrafzadeh, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nina Ashrafzadeh
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
Life is not what it's supposed to be. It's what it is. The way you cope with it is what makes the difference. -Virginia Satir No two people are alike, therefore no two treatment plans are alike. Each individual should have a treatment plan created specifically to meet their needs. Whether you are struggling with Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem, parenting, or are having occupational or educational stressors, I can help!
Life is not what it's supposed to be. It's what it is. The way you cope with it is what makes the difference. -Virginia Satir No two people are alike, therefore no two treatment plans are alike. Each individual should have a treatment plan created specifically to meet their needs. Whether you are struggling with Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem, parenting, or are having occupational or educational stressors, I can help!
(424) 295-7099 View (424) 295-7099
Photo of Vanessa Volpicelli, LMFT, RYT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vanessa Volpicelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RYT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Ready for a change? Through discovering, encouraging, and implementing practical solutions, I am here to help you live your best life. As a Certified Yoga Instructor, I have developed an array of interventions that provide instant comfort and lasting benefits for my clients. Through body and breath awareness, we will strengthen your ability to live in the present helping you to stop fearing what has not yet happened and let go of what has come before.
Ready for a change? Through discovering, encouraging, and implementing practical solutions, I am here to help you live your best life. As a Certified Yoga Instructor, I have developed an array of interventions that provide instant comfort and lasting benefits for my clients. Through body and breath awareness, we will strengthen your ability to live in the present helping you to stop fearing what has not yet happened and let go of what has come before.
(310) 919-4721 View (310) 919-4721
Photo of Griselda Galván, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Griselda Galván
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
I enjoy working with a variety of people, especially those that are ready to make a change in their life. I understand that therapy is an extremely difficult process and stigmatized for many of those around us, but developing a strong therapeutic relationship can assist in providing a positive experience during a difficult time. I like to identify the root of the problem quickly and together find solutions that will work for your life. I believe together we can work towards building insight, understanding yourself and your choices, develop positive coping skills, increased communication and healthy relationships.
I enjoy working with a variety of people, especially those that are ready to make a change in their life. I understand that therapy is an extremely difficult process and stigmatized for many of those around us, but developing a strong therapeutic relationship can assist in providing a positive experience during a difficult time. I like to identify the root of the problem quickly and together find solutions that will work for your life. I believe together we can work towards building insight, understanding yourself and your choices, develop positive coping skills, increased communication and healthy relationships.
(310) 340-6018 View (310) 340-6018
Photo of Curran Commerford, PsyD, Psychologist
Curran Commerford
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
Change is a constant experience of life. Whether we seek change or change finds us, challenges arise as we strive to better ourselves through understanding. This is part of the human journey. As a psychologist, it is my goal to bring understanding, meaning, and skills to those who work with me. I believe that genuineness, compassion, and respect are imperative in all aspects of clinical work - be that in therapy or assessment.
Change is a constant experience of life. Whether we seek change or change finds us, challenges arise as we strive to better ourselves through understanding. This is part of the human journey. As a psychologist, it is my goal to bring understanding, meaning, and skills to those who work with me. I believe that genuineness, compassion, and respect are imperative in all aspects of clinical work - be that in therapy or assessment.
(424) 722-4701 View (424) 722-4701
Photo of Patrick Alan Quinlan - Effective Resolution Family Mediation, MDR
Effective Resolution Family Mediation
MDR
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
Individuals in conflict with a family member or relationship partner (intimate, work, social) may feel stuck in a no-win situation. If communicating about the problem is THE PROBLEM, neutral and collaborative, Effective mediation can help. By involving all participants in a positive process, acknowledging and equalizing communication of needs and concerns, and building the solutions from and for every person involved, listening with determined curiosity helps clients find mutually-acceptable peaceful solutions.
Individuals in conflict with a family member or relationship partner (intimate, work, social) may feel stuck in a no-win situation. If communicating about the problem is THE PROBLEM, neutral and collaborative, Effective mediation can help. By involving all participants in a positive process, acknowledging and equalizing communication of needs and concerns, and building the solutions from and for every person involved, listening with determined curiosity helps clients find mutually-acceptable peaceful solutions.
(805) 516-0785 View (805) 516-0785
Photo of Matthew Nickle, LMFT, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Matthew Nickle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
As a compassionate integrated therapist, I provide an empathic and direct approach to sessions in order to collaborate with my clients and empower them to successfully achieve their goals. By collaborating together, my clients can exit treatment with skills that help them move towards change. Clients may become skilled in managing their own lives and relationships. I am availlable to see clients in person in at my office in San Pedro. Looking forward to meeting you!
As a compassionate integrated therapist, I provide an empathic and direct approach to sessions in order to collaborate with my clients and empower them to successfully achieve their goals. By collaborating together, my clients can exit treatment with skills that help them move towards change. Clients may become skilled in managing their own lives and relationships. I am availlable to see clients in person in at my office in San Pedro. Looking forward to meeting you!
(562) 662-4829 View (562) 662-4829
Photo of Robin Evans, LCSW, MSW, PPSC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
Hello and welcome to my page :-). You are a unique outpouring of life that is experiencing humanity. Your story deserves to be heard. I believe you can be better tomorrow than you are today. That patterns repeat themselves. When active attention is brought to a pattern it can be understood and revised. I believe it takes a weekly commitment to honor yourself through self-exploration. You are worth this time and attention. Connection to others is now more important than ever. Through talking healing can happen. Love, Heal and Prosper. #Therapy works! Click left for my website.
Hello and welcome to my page :-). You are a unique outpouring of life that is experiencing humanity. Your story deserves to be heard. I believe you can be better tomorrow than you are today. That patterns repeat themselves. When active attention is brought to a pattern it can be understood and revised. I believe it takes a weekly commitment to honor yourself through self-exploration. You are worth this time and attention. Connection to others is now more important than ever. Through talking healing can happen. Love, Heal and Prosper. #Therapy works! Click left for my website.
(310) 507-7661 View (310) 507-7661
Photo of Lauren Elizabeth Taus, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Elizabeth Taus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90732
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a licensed psychotherapist, and a yoga and meditation teacher based in Venice Beach, California. I am dedicated to supporting you on your journey home - to yourself. As a therapist, I see individuals, families and couples. My practice areas of expertise include stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, grief and loss, trauma, addictions, relationship difficulties, creative blocks, and life transitions. My approach is individualized. I’ll meet you where you are, and offer you an individualized treatment plan based on my education and trainings.
I’m a licensed psychotherapist, and a yoga and meditation teacher based in Venice Beach, California. I am dedicated to supporting you on your journey home - to yourself. As a therapist, I see individuals, families and couples. My practice areas of expertise include stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, grief and loss, trauma, addictions, relationship difficulties, creative blocks, and life transitions. My approach is individualized. I’ll meet you where you are, and offer you an individualized treatment plan based on my education and trainings.
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Photo of Monica Bezzi Demas, LMFT, MA, RAS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Monica Bezzi Demas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, RAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
I have a passion for what I do and I believe that all human beings share similar traits that allow us to understand and empathize with one another. I see my role as a facilitator in this process and believe that everyone has the strength and ability within themselves to grow, change, and heal. I walk my clients through the path of transformation, explore patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and provide them with new tools necessary to take control of their lives.
I have a passion for what I do and I believe that all human beings share similar traits that allow us to understand and empathize with one another. I see my role as a facilitator in this process and believe that everyone has the strength and ability within themselves to grow, change, and heal. I walk my clients through the path of transformation, explore patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and provide them with new tools necessary to take control of their lives.
(310) 895-9765 View (310) 895-9765
Photo of Cherie Harper, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cherie Harper
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732  (Online Only)
rowing up I witnessed close family members and friends who suffered from a mental illness have difficulty receiving the help they so desperately needed. This has not only motivated me but has inspired me to advocate at the forefront for all those who are underserved and disadvantaged. I use a person centered, recovery, and integrative approach in treatment, I believe in meeting a person where they are at in life. My approach is different in that I believe that a person can recover from mental illness and learn to manage their lives fully and recognize when they are experiencing a mental health crisis.
rowing up I witnessed close family members and friends who suffered from a mental illness have difficulty receiving the help they so desperately needed. This has not only motivated me but has inspired me to advocate at the forefront for all those who are underserved and disadvantaged. I use a person centered, recovery, and integrative approach in treatment, I believe in meeting a person where they are at in life. My approach is different in that I believe that a person can recover from mental illness and learn to manage their lives fully and recognize when they are experiencing a mental health crisis.
(424) 999-7606 View (424) 999-7606
Photo of Marissa J Dominguez, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marissa J Dominguez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
Being a parent can be very challenging, make you feel vulnerable, and even overwhelmed at times. My goal as a therapist is to begin the healing process with you. Whether you are a parent that is seeking support for your infant, toddler, or child due to behavioral or emotional problems, family conflict, recent separation, divorce, death, or trauma. I specialize in providing Play Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Behavioral Modification for children, teens & families.
Being a parent can be very challenging, make you feel vulnerable, and even overwhelmed at times. My goal as a therapist is to begin the healing process with you. Whether you are a parent that is seeking support for your infant, toddler, or child due to behavioral or emotional problems, family conflict, recent separation, divorce, death, or trauma. I specialize in providing Play Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Behavioral Modification for children, teens & families.
(209) 643-4545 View (209) 643-4545
Photo of Deborah Wright, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Deborah Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
Hello! I'm Debbie Wright and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, serving clients via telehealth throughout the state of California. My approach to therapy is to meet the client where they are at and work with them to identify goals that will help them improve their quality of life. The populations I typically work with cover the lifespan (18+ years of age) and includes college students (both undergraduate and graduate), those dealing with life transitions such as parenting, middle age, later life, illness/hospice, grief and loss, immigration/acculturation to new environment and racial identity concerns.
Hello! I'm Debbie Wright and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, serving clients via telehealth throughout the state of California. My approach to therapy is to meet the client where they are at and work with them to identify goals that will help them improve their quality of life. The populations I typically work with cover the lifespan (18+ years of age) and includes college students (both undergraduate and graduate), those dealing with life transitions such as parenting, middle age, later life, illness/hospice, grief and loss, immigration/acculturation to new environment and racial identity concerns.
(424) 370-1909 View (424) 370-1909
Photo of Sheila Kelly, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheila Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
I specialize in serving transitional age young adult clients however am very comfortable with teens through mid-life. My clients struggle with trauma, depression, anxiety, intense relationships, codependency and substance use. I am certified in EMDR therapy and have completed Level 3 of Gottman Method couple's therapy. My passion is to assist people discover their core selves while maintaining acceptance, intimacy, and connection in relationships.
I specialize in serving transitional age young adult clients however am very comfortable with teens through mid-life. My clients struggle with trauma, depression, anxiety, intense relationships, codependency and substance use. I am certified in EMDR therapy and have completed Level 3 of Gottman Method couple's therapy. My passion is to assist people discover their core selves while maintaining acceptance, intimacy, and connection in relationships.
(424) 364-2421 View (424) 364-2421
Photo of Cynthia Popelka, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Popelka
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
Therapy work is a process of self discovery that's both fulfilling and challenging. As a psychotherapist, my commitment is to provide you with a safe and creative context for an ongoing collaboration. Together, with compassion, persistence and humor, we'll work to identify and uncover self-sabotaging behaviors: the conditioned ways of being and outmoded ways of thinking that often manifest as confusion, self-doubt, fear, anger or anxiety.
Therapy work is a process of self discovery that's both fulfilling and challenging. As a psychotherapist, my commitment is to provide you with a safe and creative context for an ongoing collaboration. Together, with compassion, persistence and humor, we'll work to identify and uncover self-sabotaging behaviors: the conditioned ways of being and outmoded ways of thinking that often manifest as confusion, self-doubt, fear, anger or anxiety.
(310) 547-1485 View (310) 547-1485
Photo of Hearts Respond - Hearts Respond, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hearts Respond
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
We are a group of therapists that seek the best care for our clients. We are a diverse group who can help with a wide range of problems. We can provide Telehealth virtual meetings and in-person meetings with safety pre-cautions in place. Please visit www.heartsrespond.com for more specific information about our therapists and care.
We are a group of therapists that seek the best care for our clients. We are a diverse group who can help with a wide range of problems. We can provide Telehealth virtual meetings and in-person meetings with safety pre-cautions in place. Please visit www.heartsrespond.com for more specific information about our therapists and care.
(424) 336-8835 View (424) 336-8835
Photo of Monica Garnett, LCPC, LAADC, NCC, Counselor
Monica Garnett
Counselor, LCPC, LAADC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90732  (Online Only)
I am a mental health counselor with over 20 years of experience helping individuals with various mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, anger management, and alcohol/drug addiction. I offer counseling services including individual sessions, couples or family sessions, group counseling, and life coaching. At this time, I accept virtual clients.
I am a mental health counselor with over 20 years of experience helping individuals with various mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, anger management, and alcohol/drug addiction. I offer counseling services including individual sessions, couples or family sessions, group counseling, and life coaching. At this time, I accept virtual clients.
(424) 219-7963 View (424) 219-7963
Photo of Ana Stephanie Portka, LMFT, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ana Stephanie Portka
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
My name is Ana Stephanie Portka– I go by Stephanie. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working via telehealth in California. My style is calm and non-judgmental. I work with adults who often feel like they're closer to surviving than thriving. I can help with all challenges, but specialize in anxiety and depression using individualized interventions to help my clients make progress and start feeling better.
My name is Ana Stephanie Portka– I go by Stephanie. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working via telehealth in California. My style is calm and non-judgmental. I work with adults who often feel like they're closer to surviving than thriving. I can help with all challenges, but specialize in anxiety and depression using individualized interventions to help my clients make progress and start feeling better.
(424) 377-1877 View (424) 377-1877
Photo of Josette M Ciolino - San Pedro Therapy, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
San Pedro Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
I believe that every individual is a whole and healthy being. Trauma that occurs in childhood or later in life creates a block that makes one feel less than whole and far from healthy. Because of this, anxiety, depression, addictions to substances, food, and other destructive behaviors become a way of coping. My goal is to help my clients restore the feeling of wholeness and well-being by providing a safe, supportive and nurturing environment in which they can work through difficult issues and restore their true selves. I see it everyday...
I believe that every individual is a whole and healthy being. Trauma that occurs in childhood or later in life creates a block that makes one feel less than whole and far from healthy. Because of this, anxiety, depression, addictions to substances, food, and other destructive behaviors become a way of coping. My goal is to help my clients restore the feeling of wholeness and well-being by providing a safe, supportive and nurturing environment in which they can work through difficult issues and restore their true selves. I see it everyday...
(424) 294-8944 View (424) 294-8944
Photo of Mona Rich - Focus on Mindfulness, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Focus on Mindfulness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90734  (Online Only)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in the State of California since 1996. I love the therapeutic process because there is nothing more beautiful and exciting than to experience the evolutionary transformation that can happen within a therapeutic relationship.Life can present us with many challenges that we might not be able to assimilate or make sense of at the particular time.This lack of assimilation can cause an imbalance in our lives and in our relationships.The therapeutic process may help you integrate and bounce back to the full, rich life that you deserve. Some of us have not learned yet how to best develop healthy emotional relationships. We need to acquire different perspectives by learning new skills and disposing of old ones that might stand in the way of wholeness and integration. By making use of different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Depth Psychology, Hypnosis and life experiences I gently guide you through the process towards emotional health and wellbeing.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in the State of California since 1996. I love the therapeutic process because there is nothing more beautiful and exciting than to experience the evolutionary transformation that can happen within a therapeutic relationship.Life can present us with many challenges that we might not be able to assimilate or make sense of at the particular time.This lack of assimilation can cause an imbalance in our lives and in our relationships.The therapeutic process may help you integrate and bounce back to the full, rich life that you deserve. Some of us have not learned yet how to best develop healthy emotional relationships. We need to acquire different perspectives by learning new skills and disposing of old ones that might stand in the way of wholeness and integration. By making use of different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Depth Psychology, Hypnosis and life experiences I gently guide you through the process towards emotional health and wellbeing.
(310) 740-9791 View (310) 740-9791
Photo of Stephanie Adams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Adams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
Hi, my name is Stephanie Adams! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and have been in this field for 5 years. I have worked with young and older adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and loneliness, using Cognitive Behavorial Therapy, and Strength-Based Practices, and Psychodynamic Therapy to help my clients start making positive changes and feeling better about themselves. My communication style is calm, thorough, transparent, and personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable when talking with me about anything, and I hold true to my ability to listen without judgment.
Hi, my name is Stephanie Adams! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and have been in this field for 5 years. I have worked with young and older adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and loneliness, using Cognitive Behavorial Therapy, and Strength-Based Practices, and Psychodynamic Therapy to help my clients start making positive changes and feeling better about themselves. My communication style is calm, thorough, transparent, and personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable when talking with me about anything, and I hold true to my ability to listen without judgment.
(424) 526-5481 View (424) 526-5481
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Pedro, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in San Pedro, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
70% Grief
70% Coping Skills
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Pedro, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Pedro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.