Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

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Photo of Taylor Cheek, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Taylor Cheek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23454  (Online Only)
Words are great, but sometimes they are just not quite enough. That’s where the art therapy comes in. We created Dragonfly to give people of all ages a place to feel welcome and supported. We are not your run of the mill, stuffy therapy practice and believe you do your best work in an authentic, laid back environment. Through our warm, inviting, empowering approaches, we are changing the therapy game to focus on your strengths and needs. We combine classic therapy treatments with individualized processes to help you create a life you love!
Words are great, but sometimes they are just not quite enough. That’s where the art therapy comes in. We created Dragonfly to give people of all ages a place to feel welcome and supported. We are not your run of the mill, stuffy therapy practice and believe you do your best work in an authentic, laid back environment. Through our warm, inviting, empowering approaches, we are changing the therapy game to focus on your strengths and needs. We combine classic therapy treatments with individualized processes to help you create a life you love!
(757) 932-6733 View (757) 932-6733
Photo of April Stone, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
April Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Are you motivated to see change? Are you tired of the past ruling your life? Do want to stop barely making it? Relationships unfulfilling? Need a answer/diagnosis for what you experience? My clinical work integrates psychology, theology, and spirituality. I consider my counseling to be a ministry first. However, treatments will also include empirically based techniques and skill-building. I am a Level 1 and Level 2 Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I also work with Trauma Focused Couples Counseling, Grief Therapy, and Dysfunctional family issues. I serve both Georgia and Virginia via video/phone sessions only.
Are you motivated to see change? Are you tired of the past ruling your life? Do want to stop barely making it? Relationships unfulfilling? Need a answer/diagnosis for what you experience? My clinical work integrates psychology, theology, and spirituality. I consider my counseling to be a ministry first. However, treatments will also include empirically based techniques and skill-building. I am a Level 1 and Level 2 Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I also work with Trauma Focused Couples Counseling, Grief Therapy, and Dysfunctional family issues. I serve both Georgia and Virginia via video/phone sessions only.
(757) 330-8271 View (757) 330-8271
Photo of Miriam Matthews, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miriam Matthews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23451  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
First, I'd like to say that there is strength in reaching out for support! My clients are diverse and have unique backgrounds and challenges. Many of my clients are young to middle-aged adult women, whom I've greatly enjoyed working with. Though many of our challenges may be interconnected, my work with clients mostly focuses on empowerment, self-compassion, and confidence. My clients are AMAZED by how their focus on increasing self-love, positively reverberates in every aspect of their lives. My clients appreciate my organized yet flexible style and are comforted that our work together is a solution-focused, safe collaboration!
First, I'd like to say that there is strength in reaching out for support! My clients are diverse and have unique backgrounds and challenges. Many of my clients are young to middle-aged adult women, whom I've greatly enjoyed working with. Though many of our challenges may be interconnected, my work with clients mostly focuses on empowerment, self-compassion, and confidence. My clients are AMAZED by how their focus on increasing self-love, positively reverberates in every aspect of their lives. My clients appreciate my organized yet flexible style and are comforted that our work together is a solution-focused, safe collaboration!
(757) 699-4377 View (757) 699-4377
Photo of Denielle Rigoglioso, LPC , CSAC , CAADC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Denielle Rigoglioso
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , CSAC , CAADC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23456  (Online Only)
Do you experience inner critic invading your self worth or have fears that limit your full potential? Do you struggle with boundaries or people pleasing? Over time various experiences, relationships or situations can strip us of our confidence, create fears and unleash ones inner critic and impact self confidence. Therapy with me can rebuild confidence, value and self-worth and reclaim your life without sacrificing your own needs. My counseling style is welcoming, warm, interactive, relaxed and non-judgmental. I am my authentic self in therapy sessions and provide a safe space for you to come as your are as well.
Do you experience inner critic invading your self worth or have fears that limit your full potential? Do you struggle with boundaries or people pleasing? Over time various experiences, relationships or situations can strip us of our confidence, create fears and unleash ones inner critic and impact self confidence. Therapy with me can rebuild confidence, value and self-worth and reclaim your life without sacrificing your own needs. My counseling style is welcoming, warm, interactive, relaxed and non-judgmental. I am my authentic self in therapy sessions and provide a safe space for you to come as your are as well.
(757) 781-0547 View (757) 781-0547
Photo of Kevin Cuffee, EdD, CSAC, QMHP, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kevin Cuffee
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, CSAC, QMHP, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Welcome to Covenant Connections Behavioral Health Services! I’m Dr. Cuffee, and I’m here to help you on your journey to personal growth and well-being. With years of experience as a counseling specialist, I have dedicated my career to empowering clients through evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and trauma treatment techniques. At Covenant Connections, I provide tailored support for individuals, couples, and families, with a special focus on addressing the unique needs of minorities. I understand that navigating life's challenges can be tough, and I am committed to creating a compassionate and safe environment.
Welcome to Covenant Connections Behavioral Health Services! I’m Dr. Cuffee, and I’m here to help you on your journey to personal growth and well-being. With years of experience as a counseling specialist, I have dedicated my career to empowering clients through evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and trauma treatment techniques. At Covenant Connections, I provide tailored support for individuals, couples, and families, with a special focus on addressing the unique needs of minorities. I understand that navigating life's challenges can be tough, and I am committed to creating a compassionate and safe environment.
(757) 530-4737 View (757) 530-4737
Photo of Donna G Janiec, MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Donna G Janiec
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Waitlist for new clients
Could you benefit from having someone help you process through the tough parts of life? Would you like to increase self-awareness and take charge of your own life? We all have the desire to derive meaning and purpose for our lives and our journey through life can have many challenges. With these attributes and guidance, we can use our thought processes to change behaviors, work through relationship issues, manage obstacles, and navigate changing life stages.
Could you benefit from having someone help you process through the tough parts of life? Would you like to increase self-awareness and take charge of your own life? We all have the desire to derive meaning and purpose for our lives and our journey through life can have many challenges. With these attributes and guidance, we can use our thought processes to change behaviors, work through relationship issues, manage obstacles, and navigate changing life stages.
(757) 210-3090 View (757) 210-3090
Photo of Jenny Sachs - Addiction Interventions Now, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Addiction Interventions Now
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Do you have a loved one who is stuck in a cycle of addiction? It may be time for an intervention. I will work with your family, friends and other loved ones to create an intervention at home or another place of your choosing. I am a certified interventionist with a PhD in psychology, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I can help your loved one find the right treatment.
Do you have a loved one who is stuck in a cycle of addiction? It may be time for an intervention. I will work with your family, friends and other loved ones to create an intervention at home or another place of your choosing. I am a certified interventionist with a PhD in psychology, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I can help your loved one find the right treatment.
(757) 854-9478 View (757) 854-9478
Photo of Eddy Rocha, LPC, LSATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eddy Rocha
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Are you struggling to reach your full potential? I am a Bilingual (Spanish and English) Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, and I am currently accepting new clients! Have you struggled to find a counselor who can understand you? Are you a child, teen, or adult who needs help taking control of your own well-being?
Are you struggling to reach your full potential? I am a Bilingual (Spanish and English) Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, and I am currently accepting new clients! Have you struggled to find a counselor who can understand you? Are you a child, teen, or adult who needs help taking control of your own well-being?
(757) 210-7736 View (757) 210-7736
Photo of Melissa Woods, LCP, Psychologist
Melissa Woods
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Hi! My name is Dr. Melissa Woods. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 13 years of experience in the mental health field. As a clinician, I enjoy the collaborative navigation of lived experiences in service of cultivating a better quality and more fulfilling life. In therapy, I utilize a holistic understanding of presenting issues and the unique needs of each individual to guide my therapeutic approach. I am deeply rooted in psychodynamic and interpersonal theory, and specialize in CBT, ACT, DBT, Relational Therapy, and Attachment-based Therapy.
Hi! My name is Dr. Melissa Woods. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 13 years of experience in the mental health field. As a clinician, I enjoy the collaborative navigation of lived experiences in service of cultivating a better quality and more fulfilling life. In therapy, I utilize a holistic understanding of presenting issues and the unique needs of each individual to guide my therapeutic approach. I am deeply rooted in psychodynamic and interpersonal theory, and specialize in CBT, ACT, DBT, Relational Therapy, and Attachment-based Therapy.
(757) 704-4994 View (757) 704-4994
Photo of Jana Davis, LCSW, NBCCH, RRTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jana Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NBCCH, RRTP
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462  (Online Only)
Sometimes we just feel 'stuck' in life. It may be due to life changes, goals that aren't realized yet, grief, or a feeling that something is missing. It may be due to traumatic events that feel re-occurring, causing mental and emotional symptoms. It could be relationship changes, such as a divorce, or a toxic relationship (present or past). It could be due to our brain chemistry or an illness elsewhere, such as thyroid imbalance or diabetes. There are so many reasons people feel overly depressed or anxious.
Sometimes we just feel 'stuck' in life. It may be due to life changes, goals that aren't realized yet, grief, or a feeling that something is missing. It may be due to traumatic events that feel re-occurring, causing mental and emotional symptoms. It could be relationship changes, such as a divorce, or a toxic relationship (present or past). It could be due to our brain chemistry or an illness elsewhere, such as thyroid imbalance or diabetes. There are so many reasons people feel overly depressed or anxious.
(757) 267-6463 View (757) 267-6463
Photo of Estrella S. Nesbit, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Estrella S. Nesbit
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
My mission is clear: to empower my clients to overcome adversity and thrive. Whether you're navigating past trauma, relationship challenges, or family conflicts, I'm here to support you. Trauma affects not only our relationships with others but also our relationship with ourselves. I will provide a safe environment to help explore your past without judgment. Let me join you on a new path and commit to breaking unhealthy patterns for a healthier future.
My mission is clear: to empower my clients to overcome adversity and thrive. Whether you're navigating past trauma, relationship challenges, or family conflicts, I'm here to support you. Trauma affects not only our relationships with others but also our relationship with ourselves. I will provide a safe environment to help explore your past without judgment. Let me join you on a new path and commit to breaking unhealthy patterns for a healthier future.
(757) 992-8430 View (757) 992-8430
Photo of Candace L Green, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Candace L Green
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
If you find yourself emotionally worn out and you seemingly are becoming more hopeless with no opportunities for growth, it may be time to consider life maintenance. I am here to offer you something different that may add a spark of fire to life. I work with individuals and couples to help you overcome troubling experiences and mindsets that are cycling. Reaching out may be just the thing to find your inner strengths. I have provided pastoral assistance to individuals, couples, and groups during my 15 years in ministry.
If you find yourself emotionally worn out and you seemingly are becoming more hopeless with no opportunities for growth, it may be time to consider life maintenance. I am here to offer you something different that may add a spark of fire to life. I work with individuals and couples to help you overcome troubling experiences and mindsets that are cycling. Reaching out may be just the thing to find your inner strengths. I have provided pastoral assistance to individuals, couples, and groups during my 15 years in ministry.
(757) 524-8710 View (757) 524-8710
Photo of Nailah Washington, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nailah Washington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Nailah earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia. She specializes in anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual therapy, sex education, LGBTQIA2S+ community, the entire spectrum of sexuality and gender constructs.
Nailah earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia. She specializes in anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual therapy, sex education, LGBTQIA2S+ community, the entire spectrum of sexuality and gender constructs.
(757) 285-1775 View (757) 285-1775
Photo of Brittany O'Brien, MA, LPC, CIMPH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany O'Brien
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CIMPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462  (Online Only)
My name is Brittany O'Brien and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor & Certified Integrative Mental Health Professional. I specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, perinatal/postpartum mental health, disordered eating, and couples/relationship therapy.
My name is Brittany O'Brien and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor & Certified Integrative Mental Health Professional. I specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, perinatal/postpartum mental health, disordered eating, and couples/relationship therapy.
(757) 909-5725 View (757) 909-5725
Photo of Susan Rodriguez, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
Transitions and adjustments can be difficult. At times we can feel wonderful, while other times we are left wondering "what happened?". In those moments, it can be difficult to know what to do or how to navigate the next steps in our life. The journey can be painful, overwhelming and just down right exhausting. While many of us experience similar situations, no one experience is the same; which is why I want to help find what benefits and helps you the most. I will help guide you and support you during your journey by tailoring treatment to fit you and your experience(s).
Transitions and adjustments can be difficult. At times we can feel wonderful, while other times we are left wondering "what happened?". In those moments, it can be difficult to know what to do or how to navigate the next steps in our life. The journey can be painful, overwhelming and just down right exhausting. While many of us experience similar situations, no one experience is the same; which is why I want to help find what benefits and helps you the most. I will help guide you and support you during your journey by tailoring treatment to fit you and your experience(s).
(757) 330-8272 View (757) 330-8272
Photo of Christie Huse, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christie Huse
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Therapist: Your partner has complained that you never buy her flowers, what do you say to that? Patient: To be honest, I had no idea my partner even sold flowers. :) I am passionate about helping individuals and couples work through their problems and cope with life's struggles with a positive and humorous approach. My goal is to alleviate suffering due to trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. LGBTQ+, ENM, and Poly allied and supported :).
Therapist: Your partner has complained that you never buy her flowers, what do you say to that? Patient: To be honest, I had no idea my partner even sold flowers. :) I am passionate about helping individuals and couples work through their problems and cope with life's struggles with a positive and humorous approach. My goal is to alleviate suffering due to trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. LGBTQ+, ENM, and Poly allied and supported :).
(757) 780-1719 View (757) 780-1719
Photo of Hayley Cooke, MSEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hayley Cooke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Hayley Cooke is a Virginia Beach native who received her master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Old Dominion University. During her graduate studies, she completed her practicum and internship at Beach Counseling while working with children, adolescents, and adults. She has worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment concerns, academic underachievement, low self-esteem, and relationship/social issues. She provides a safe space for individuals to explore and express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment.
Hayley Cooke is a Virginia Beach native who received her master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Old Dominion University. During her graduate studies, she completed her practicum and internship at Beach Counseling while working with children, adolescents, and adults. She has worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment concerns, academic underachievement, low self-esteem, and relationship/social issues. She provides a safe space for individuals to explore and express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment.
(757) 231-3517 View (757) 231-3517
Photo of Norm Stein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Norm Stein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
I have over 25 years of experience specializing in helping people with PTSD, anxiety, grief, depression and low self-esteem eliminate their symptoms and move forward to experience the happy, satisfying and fulfilling lives they deserve. Since trauma impacts both the individual and their partner, I provide couples counseling along with individual counseling. Issues addressed include: workplace violence and accidents, robbery, sexual assault, childhood molestation/abuse, domestic violence, car crashes. I have extensive experience working with Veterans, First Responders & Healthcare Providers around issues specific to their jobs.
I have over 25 years of experience specializing in helping people with PTSD, anxiety, grief, depression and low self-esteem eliminate their symptoms and move forward to experience the happy, satisfying and fulfilling lives they deserve. Since trauma impacts both the individual and their partner, I provide couples counseling along with individual counseling. Issues addressed include: workplace violence and accidents, robbery, sexual assault, childhood molestation/abuse, domestic violence, car crashes. I have extensive experience working with Veterans, First Responders & Healthcare Providers around issues specific to their jobs.
(757) 243-1205 View (757) 243-1205
Photo of Barbara M Buchmann-Smith, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara M Buchmann-Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Working 20 + years in the mental health field, I have always been passionate about helping clients reach their full potential and live healthy and satisfying lives.
Working 20 + years in the mental health field, I have always been passionate about helping clients reach their full potential and live healthy and satisfying lives.
(757) 780-1766 View (757) 780-1766
Photo of Jessica Waters, MSEd, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Waters
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Hey there! Whatever you're feeling right now is completely valid and normal! You're not alone and when you first come to my office, I hope you feel that i'm treading the waves with you. As a counselor, I believe my role is to meet you wherever you are in your healing journey - we can just stay in our comfort zone or we can open up the door to challenges. Either way, I hope to provide a warm and open space for you to take our next steps. As I hope you always leave my office with a new message.. today, i'll leave you with this message.. "Only in Calmer waters can you see your reflection" - Calmer Waters Counseling
Hey there! Whatever you're feeling right now is completely valid and normal! You're not alone and when you first come to my office, I hope you feel that i'm treading the waves with you. As a counselor, I believe my role is to meet you wherever you are in your healing journey - we can just stay in our comfort zone or we can open up the door to challenges. Either way, I hope to provide a warm and open space for you to take our next steps. As I hope you always leave my office with a new message.. today, i'll leave you with this message.. "Only in Calmer waters can you see your reflection" - Calmer Waters Counseling
(757) 997-2137 View (757) 997-2137
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Stress
71% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
70% Anthem

How Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Virginia Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.